1. what is the nernst (equilibrium) potential of a monovalent cation ( valence) at 37oc given the intracellular ion concentration is 10 mm and the extracellular ion concentration is 80 mm?
Answers
The Nernst potential of a monovalent cation with a valence of +1 at 37°C, given the intracellular ion concentration of 10 mM and the extracellular ion concentration of 80 mM, is -62.9 mV.
The Nernst (equilibrium) potential is a measure of the electrical potential difference across a biological membrane that exists when a concentration gradient of ions is present. It can be calculated using the Nernst equation:
E = \(61 mV \times log(\frac{ [ion]out }{ [ion]in})\)
Where E is the Nernst potential, [ion]out is the extracellular ion concentration, and [ion]in is the intracellular ion concentration.
Given the intracellular ion concentration of 10 mM and the extracellular ion concentration of 80 mM at 37°C, the Nernst potential can be calculated as:
E = \(61 mV \times log(\frac{80 mM}{10 mM})\)
= -62.9 mV
This means that the electrical potential difference across the membrane is favoring the movement of the monovalent cation from the extracellular space to the intracellular space, in order to equalize the concentration gradient and establish an electroneutral state.
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Related Questions
PLEASE HELP!!!! This is a situation so major! My life depends on it!!!
Answers
Answer:
The lighter moths would be more suitable and the darker moths would eventually die out since they have no camouflage, thus an influx of lighter moths will emerge.
Explanation:
In the United
States, what is
the AVERAGE
beef cow herd
size?
A. 10 head
B. 25 head
C. 40 head
D. 70 head
Answers
Answer:In the United States the average cow herd size is C.40 herds
Explanation: 40 herds is the average
The fossil record shows an invertebrate species in many layers of sediment for millions of year before suddenly going extinct, no
longer being found in any layers of sediment. After a stable existence with little change, this species vanished from the fossil record.
Which of these best supports the description of the fossil and the species it represents? Select ALL that apply.
es )
Answers
Answer:
c) The species underwent punctuated equilibrium
e) The species’ environment underwent a dramatic change for which it was poorly suited
Explanation:
Part A
You will be sketching a model building made of toothpicks and marshmallows. The building must be at
least two floors (stories) high. It should be able to stand on its own and withstand shaking without
toppling over. In this approach, what problem are you trying to solve? What are some of the fixed, chosen,
and adjustable design features?
Answers
The problem that is being solved by this approach is the Structural Integrity Problem. The definition for this is given below.
What is a structural integrity problem?Structural Integrity is the ability of a structure to carry the load intended for it without crumbling, fracturing, deforming, or experiencing fatigue.
What are some of the fixed, chosen, and adjustable design features?For any structure, the fixed feature is the foundation, the chosen and adjustable design features are any other structures that are above the ground or above the foundation.
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The ability of a structure to withstand the load intended for it without crumbling, fracturing, deforming, or experiencing stress is referred to as structural integrity. The foundation is the fixed characteristic of any construction, and the chosen and adjustable design features are any other structures above the earth or above the foundation.
What could be a good affect of a mutation?
Answers
Answer:
D. more variety in population
The high temperature on Friday was 8 degrees above zero. The low temperature was 3 degrees below zero. Which expression gives the average of the low and high temperatures?
a
Left-bracket negative 3 + (negative 8) right-bracket divided by (2) Right-bracket
b
(negative 3 + 8) divided by 2
c
(negative 3 + 8) divided by (negative 2)
d
Negative (3 + 8) divided by 2
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The negative goes by the 3 because it is 3 degrees below zero. To find averages, you add the numbers and divide by how many numbers there are. in this case, it would be (-3+8)/2
Sea anemone can reproduce through binary fission.
a. True
b. Maybe
c. False
d. None of the above
Answers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Sea anemones have great powers of regeneration and can reproduce asexually, by budding, fragmentation, or by longitudinal or transverse binary fission. Some species such as certain Anthopleura divide longitudinally, pulling themselves apart, resulting in groups of individuals with identical coloring and markings.
Sea anemones are marine animals, which belong to the order of Actinaria. Sea anemones produce asexually and give rise to cloned offspring.
The given statement is true.
Sea anemones reproduce as:
Sea anemones produce asexually by budding. A piece or part of the organism detaches and grows into a new individual, which is a clone to the parent. Sea anemones can undergo longitudinal binary fission by splitting across the midline and giving rise to new anemones of equal size. Sea anemones can also reproduce through transverse binary fission. Sea anemones are also capable of fragmentation, in which a fragment from the parent body is released, which rises into a whole new individual.Thus, the correct answer is Option A.
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Explain the observed color change with respect to the change in CO2 concentration. Was the plant performing cellular respiration or photosynthesis more
Answers
Higher \(CO_2\) concentrations promote increased photosynthetic activity and result in a more vibrant green color, while lower \(CO_2\) concentrations can lead to reduced photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) to produce glucose (energy-rich organic molecule) and oxygen (O2). This process occurs in specialized organelles called chloroplasts, specifically in the green pigment-containing structures called chlorophyll.
During cellular respiration, plants (and other organisms) break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells.
The observed color change in relation to the change in \(CO_2\)concentration can be explained as follows:
1. Increased \(CO_2\) Concentration: When \(CO_2\)concentration increases, it favors the process of photosynthesis. Plants require \(CO_2\)as a substrate for photosynthesis, and higher \(CO_2\) levels can stimulate increased photosynthetic activity. This leads to a higher production of glucose and oxygen, which can result in a more vibrant green coloration of the plant due to the increased synthesis of chlorophyll.
2. Decreased \(CO_2\) Concentration: When \(CO_2\) concentration decreases, it can limit the availability of this substrate for photosynthesis. As a result, the rate of photosynthesis may decrease, leading to a reduced production of glucose and oxygen. This can cause the plant to exhibit a less vibrant green color as the chlorophyll content decreases.
In terms of cellular respiration, it occurs continuously in plant cells regardless of the \(CO_2\) concentration. However, its contribution to the observed color change may be less significant compared to the impact of photosynthesis.
Overall, the observed color change in plants with respect to the change in \(CO_2\) concentration is primarily influenced by the activity of photosynthesis. Higher \(CO_2\) concentrations promote increased photosynthetic activity and result in a more vibrant green color, while lower \(CO_2\) concentrations can lead to reduced photosynthesis and a less vibrant coloration.
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what is a plausible explanation for why hematocrit returns to normal within weeks after bringing testosterone levels up to physiological levels while muscle and bone take months and years, respectively?
Answers
Testosterone has a well-documented erythrogenic impact that will increase purple blood mobileular production. Testosterone remedy is related to a dose-structured boom in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels16-18; the will increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit are more in older guys than in younger guys.
An American examine that evaluated the outcomes of graded doses of testosterone on erythropoiesis determined that the proportion of hematocrit commenced to boom inside one month of the begin of remedy and endured to boom after 3 months in a linear dose-structured manner.
Most guys will get better regular testosterone ranges inside 18 months in keeping with the findings from research that regularly concerned fewer than three years of androgen deprivation therapy.
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QUICK, IF ANYONE CAN ANSWER CORRECTLY AND TRUTHFULLY I WILL GIVE 100 POINTS!
Q. My dad's fields aren't producing as many crops as they used to. Mark all the ones below that he could do to help the soybeans and alfalfa (to make hay) grow better.
A.Add more Nitrogen in the air around the plants.
B.Add more Nitrogen as a part of fertilizer.
C.Add nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
D.Add more rocks to the land.
Answers
Answer:
B, and C.
Explanation:
what is the best definiton of genetically motified foods? HURRYYY!!! please and thank youuuu
Answers
Answer:
GMO, or genetically modified foods, are foods that are messed with genetically by science to better benefit the human race. For example, scientists might replace genes that give corn a lower harvest, with a different gene in corn that makes a higher amount of harvest.
Explanation:
You could also look it up. Just search "GMO".
What green algal group are you not likely to find in fresh water? Ulvophyceae Charophyceae Chlorophyceae Embryophyccae Which of these is not a shared, derived characteristic (synapomorphy) of land plants (Embryophytes), chlorophyll b antheridia and archegonia with sterie jacket layers multicololar embryos ability to make sporopolenha-walled spores.
Answers
The group of green algae that are not likely to be found in fresh water is Charophyceae.
Charophyceae, a class of green algae, are mostly found in freshwater habitats but are also found in soil or other damp places. A distinct feature of Charophyceae is their sporophyte with foot, seta, and capsule. There are multicellular sex organs, antheridia and archegonia with a sterile jacket layer, which is not present in other green algae.
Land plants (Embryophytes) have many characteristics that they do not share with green algae. Chlorophyll b is a shared, derived characteristic of land plants (Embryophytes), while multilayered embryos, sporopollenin-walled spores, and gametangia with a sterile jacket layer are also unique to them.
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what is the function of Motor Proteins
Answers
Answer:
Motor proteins propel themselves along the cytoskeleton using a mechanochemical cycle of filament binding, conformational change, filament release, conformation reversal, and filament rebinding.
Hope this helps :)
middle which diagram shows the changes in appearance of a plant cell when a remains in a concentrated sugar solution for thirty minutes? what is th answer
Answers
The osmosis diagram is the one that most accurately represents how a plant cell might change in appearance after spending thirty minutes in a concentrated sugar solution.
Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move from an area with a lower concentration of solutes to an area with a higher concentration of solutes across a semi-permeable membrane.
If a concentrated sugar solution were present, the solute concentration outside the plant cell would be higher than that inside.
Water from inside the plant cell would naturally try to exit the cell as it is submerged in the concentrated sugar solution in an effort to balance the solute concentration on either side of the cell membrane.
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Drip irrigation uses more water and is not helpful in sustaining water use. t or f
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Drip irrigation uses more water and is not helpful in sustaining water use.
superfractor va, an engineered factor v molecule, effectively reduces bleeding and acute coagulopathy in mouse models of trauma and shock. the american society of hematology
Answers
Here, we looked into the potential for reducing traumatic bleeding and preventing or normalizing hemostasis parameters suggestive of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC), a process thought to be distinct from disseminated intravascular coagulation, through targeted intervention with an engineered factor FV variant (superFVa), resistant to inactivation by APC (DIC).
Traumatic bleeding is a leading cause of death and disability in the absence of particular treatments. A high mortality risk condition known as acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) is seen in 30 to 50 percent of individuals who also have bleeding. Activated protein C (APC), whose excessive production promotes the quick depletion of engineered factor FV variant and FVIII and hyperfibrinolysis, may play a part in the onset of ATC, according to recent studies.
Only mice who underwent both trauma and shock in the trauma/shock model acquired ATC, as shown by a large APTT extension (25.4 to 36.1 seconds), which was accompanied by a severe drop in engineered factor FV variant and FVIII, a minor reduction in fibrinogen, and no effect on FX or FII.
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transmission across the synaptic cleft is accomplished by chemical signals called
Answers
The transmission across the synaptic cleft is accomplished by chemical signals called neurotransmitters.
The synaptic cleft is the gap between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic membranes of a neuronal synapse. It serves as a physical separation between the two neurons that communicate with one another via the transmission of electrical impulses. In a chemical synapse, the signal is sent from the pre-synaptic neuron to the post-synaptic neuron via the release of neurotransmitter molecules, which are released from the axon terminal into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane, resulting in the propagation of the signal down the post-synaptic neuron.
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EFFECTS OF NUTRIENTS (IN FOOD) ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: UPDATE ON DIETARY REQUIREMENTS FOR BRAIN. PART 1: MICRONUTRIENTS
Answers
It main aim to give an overview about the effect of dietary nutrients on the structure and functions of brain. Brain which is elaborated from substances present in the diet such as vitamins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, omega-3 , etc.
Micronutients ( vitamins, trace- elements) have been directly evaluated in the setting of cerebral functioning. Nervous tissues use glucose to produces the energy and implies the presence of vitamin B1 , which perform cogitative functions, specifically in elderly. Vitamin B9 , which preserve the brain during its development .
Genetic potential of children for their physical growth and mental development may compromised due to deficiency of micronutrients. Their poor nutritional status are exposed to alterations of mental and behavioral functions that can corrected by dietary measure.
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What type of landscape made up most of the land during the Carboniferous period
Answers
Answer:
Characteristic of the Carboniferous period (from about 360 million to 300 million years ago) were its dense and swampy forests, which gave rise to large deposits of peat. Over the eons the peat transformed into rich coal stores in Western Europe and North America. The name "Carboniferous" refers to this coal.
Explanation:
The article explains that the plant tissue works like a one-way straw. Explain what this comparison means
Answers
Answer:
in all plants roots act like straws to absorb salts and mineral salts from the soil and this is why they work like one way strawsWhich action is associated with the relaxation of a circular muscle? The arm relaxes at the side The lips pucker for whistling The sphincter opening gets larger The leg bends at the knee
Answers
The action associated with the relaxation of a circular muscle is when the sphincter opening gets larger. The correct option is C.
Circular muscles, also known as sphincters, are found throughout the body and are responsible for controlling the opening and closing of various structures, such as blood vessels, digestive tract, and urinary system.
When a circular muscle relaxes, it allows for the widening or enlargement of the opening it surrounds.
For example, when the sphincter muscle in the digestive system relaxes, it opens up, allowing for the passage of food or waste material.
This relaxation and widening of the sphincter opening facilitate the movement of substances through the body. The correct option is C.
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Why is biodiversity important?
Answers
Answer:
Biodiversity is important to humans for many reasons. Ecological life support biodiversity provides functioning ecosystems that supply oxygen, clean air and water, pollination of plants, pest control, wastewater treatment and many ecosystem services
which of the following statements about chemical nutrients in an ecosystem is correct? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following statements about chemical nutrients in an ecosystem is correct? they cannot be obtained from decomposition. they flow through the ecosystem, losing some nutrients in the process. they recycle within the ecosystem, being constantly reused. they depend on sunlight as their source. they exit the ecosystem in the form of heat.
Answers
The correct statement about chemical nutrients in an ecosystem is that they recycle within the ecosystem, being constantly reused.
Chemical nutrients are essential for the growth and survival of living organisms in an ecosystem.
These nutrients, such as nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus, are cycled through the ecosystem and constantly reused.
Nutrients are taken up by plants and then transferred to herbivores and carnivores as they are consumed.
When organisms die, decomposers break down their bodies and release nutrients back into the ecosystem.
This process of nutrient cycling allows for a sustainable flow of nutrients within the ecosystem, ensuring that organisms have access to the resources they need to survive.
Nutrient cycles can be disrupted by human activities such as pollution, deforestation, and overuse of fertilizers, leading to imbalances in the ecosystem and negative impacts on the organisms that depend on them.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves an immune-mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body’s immune system is directed against the central nervous system (CNS) (i.e. the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve). A hallmark of MS are lesions within CNS tissues that increase with volume over the lifetime of the patient or model animal. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to produce immunomodulatory factors that can alter the immune response in multiple tissues and are currently being investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in treating MS. In a mouse model of MS, a single MSC treatment can reduce the volume of MS lesions by 50% over the course of several months. Based on this study, researchers believe similar treatments can work in human patients.
You have been contracted to design a clincal trial for an MSC treatment of MS in partnership with the Mayo Clinic. Mayo has 2,558 patients under their care diagnosed with "mid stage MS" being treated with the current standard of care. The basis of diagnosing MS in these patients and monitoring disease progression is by imaging CNS lesions with MRI. Mid stage MS is defined as having a total lesion volume from 25-100 mm3 in the brain. In the proposed trial, patients will be given a single MSC infusion of 10M cells. Over the course of a year doctors will monitor lesion volume.
H0: σ1=σ2
colab coding
a) Generate a histogram marking the mean and the limits of α out to a 95% probability. Include labeled axes and a figure legend denoting mu, sigma and n.
b) How would you describe these data? Generate a box plot showing the mean and the median. Include both values in the plot legend.
c) As a compromise, the board has asked you to reduce outliers by only considering the inner 90% of all patients for the trial. What would the range of minimum and maximum lesion volumes be using only these patients?
d) Plot distribution of the MEAN with lines showing the STANDARD ERROR and include the standard error value in a figure legend.
f) Consider the means of the original data and your new measurements. Does the mean of the original data fall within the 90% confidence interval of your new dataset? Show a PDF of the new mean distribution, the 90% confidence intervals and the original mean.
Answers
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that occurs when the immune system attacks the central nervous system (CNS), including the spinal cord, brain, and optic nerve. This leads to lesions in CNS tissues that increase in size over the course of the patient's life.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being investigated for their potential use in treating MS due to their ability to produce immunomodulatory factors that can change the immune response in various tissues. A clinical trial is being planned to test an MSC treatment for MS.
Examine the means of the original data and your new measurements. Is the mean of the original data inside the 90 percent confidence interval of your new dataset. Show a PDF of the new mean distribution, the 90 percent confidence intervals, and the original mean.
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Which is not a way that ATP is used for mechanical work?
Movement at the cellular level.
Muscle contractions
Movement of the flagellum
Joining monomers to form a polymer
Answers
Answer:
Joining monomers to form a polymer
Explanation: because monomers and polymers are what make up a fiber whereas ATP ( Adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of a cell.
. Name an organ that is composed primarily of nervous tissue.
Answers
The organ that is composed primarily of nervous tissue is the brain.
The brain is a complex and vital organ that controls all the functions of the body. It is composed of billions of nerve cells, or neurons, which communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. The brain is responsible for processing sensory information, controlling movement, regulating hormones, and maintaining homeostasis in the body. The nervous tissue in the brain is made up of gray matter and white matter. The gray matter consists of the cell bodies and dendrites of neurons, while the white matter consists of the axons of neurons. Together, these structures make up the intricate network of the nervous system that enables us to think, feel, and act. In conclusion, the brain is an organ that is composed primarily of nervous tissue, and it is essential for our survival and well-being.
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list and describe at least six things that
differentiate living and non-living things.?
Answers
Difference Between Living & Non-Living Things.
Answer:
To List Is:
i) Excretion
ii) Sensitivity
iii) Growth
iv) Reproduction
v) Respiration
vi) Nutrition
Explanation: Description:
(a) Excretion: Is the process by which living things remove metabolic waste substances from the body.
Living things excrete whiles non-living things do not excrete.(b) Sensitivity: Is theprocess by which living things responds to stimuli or touch.
Living things responds to stimuli whiles non-living things do not respond to stimuli.(c) Growth: Is the process by which living things increases in weight, height or size.
Living things grow whiles non-living things do not grow.(d) Reproduction: Is the process by which living things produce young ones of their own.
Living things reproduce whiles non-living things do not reproduce.(e) Respiration: Is the process by which living things breathe or respire [carbon dioxide/oxygen] in order to obtain energy for their activities.
Living things breathe whiles non-living things do not respire.(f) Nutrition: Is the process by which living things obtain or make food or feed.
Living things feed whiles non-living things do not feed.Hope it helps!!Please mark me as the brainliest!!!
✨Thanks!!!!✨
what kind of cells can develop from pluripotent stem cells?
Answers
Answer:
Pluripotent cells can give rise to all of the cell types that make up the body; embryonic stem cells are considered pluripotent. Multipotent cells can develop into more than one cell type, but are more limited than pluripotent cells; adult stem cells and cord blood stem cells are considered multipotent.
In a three-factor cross, what is the result of complete interference?
Answers
In a three-factor cross, complete interference refers to the complete suppression of double crossovers between the three factors.
This means that if two of the factors exhibit a crossover, the third factor will not exhibit a crossover in the same region. The result of complete interference is the reduction of the expected number of double crossovers in the offspring compared to what would be expected if the factors were not interacting.
The degree of interference is measured by a coefficient called the interference coefficient, which can range from -1 (complete negative interference) to 0 (no interference) to +1 (complete positive interference). Complete negative interference indicates that the observed number of double crossovers is less than the expected number, while complete positive interference indicates that the observed number of double crossovers is greater than the expected number.
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Please help me!
Please answer correctly
Urgent !!!
Answers
Answer:
A= ovaries
B=uterus
C=endometrium
D= cervix
E=vagina
Answer:i:a ii:b iii:c iv:a
Explanation:this is pretty much what d id hope it helps