1. which process involves an increase in entropy of the system ?
A)any spontaneous process
B) combustion of paper
C) synthesis of cellulose
D) freezing of ice
E)formation of raindrops
2) A negative free energy change indicates that
A)the reaction is exothermic
B) energy must be added to the reaction before it can proceed
C) the reaction is at equilibrium
D) the reaction is not possible
E)the reactant is predominant at equilibrium
3) Energy is important to life forms because
A)it is required to do work
B)al life forms require a continuous supply of it
C) it is required to make specific alterations in the cell
D)both a and b
E) a,b and c
4) which of the following is defined as "heat content"
A) energy output
B)enthalpy
C) solar radiation
D) entropy
E)heat loss
Answers
Answer:
A)any spontaneous process
Explanation:
Entropy (S) is a state function that can be related to the number of microstates for a system (the number of ways the system can be arranged) and to the ratio of reversible heat to kelvin temperature. It may be interpreted as a measure of the dispersal or distribution of matter and/or energy in a system, and it is often described as representing the “disorder” of the system. For a given substance, entropy depends on phase with Ssolid < Sliquid < Sgas. For different substances in the same physical state at a given temperature, entropy is typically greater for heavier atoms or more complex molecules. Entropy increases when a system is heated and when solutions form. Using these guidelines, the sign of entropy changes for some chemical reactions and physical changes may be reliably predicted. The second law of thermodynamics states that a spontaneous process increases the entropy of the universe, Suniv > 0. If ΔSuniv < 0, the process is nonspontaneous, and if ΔSuniv = 0, the system is at equilibrium. The third law of thermodynamics establishes the zero for entropy as that of a perfect, pure crystalline solid at 0 K. With only one possible microstate, the entropy is zero. We may compute the standard entropy change for a process by using standard entropy values for the reactants and products involved in the process.
Related Questions
based on the diagram, which of the following statements best describes the observed pattern of abundances for elements with an atomic number between 6 and 20?
There is a general trend of decreasing abundance with increasing atomic number, but elements with even atomic numbers tend to be more abundant than those with odd atomic numbers
Answers
Based on the diagram, the observed pattern of abundances for elements with an atomic number between 6 and 20 suggests that there is a general trend of decreasing abundance with increasing atomic number. However, elements with even atomic numbers tend to be more abundant than those with odd atomic numbers.
The diagram likely represents a periodic table or a plot showing the relative abundances of elements in a given context. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The pattern of decreasing abundance with increasing atomic number reflects the natural distribution of elements in the universe, where lighter elements are more abundant than heavier ones. The observation that elements with even atomic numbers are more abundant than those with odd atomic numbers could be attributed to various factors. It might be a result of the synthesis processes that occur in stars and stellar explosions, which can preferentially produce elements with even atomic numbers. Additionally, the stability and availability of certain elements during nucleosynthesis processes can influence their relative abundances. It's important to note that the specific context of the diagram or dataset used to generate the pattern of abundances could influence the observed trend. Further analysis and examination of the underlying data would be necessary to provide a more detailed explanation for the observed pattern.
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Average cattle size over the past 100 years has increased steadily. Cows, on average, are more than 100
pounds heavier than they were a century ago. What is the most likely explanation of the increases observed in
the cows?
A
B
C
D
Increased global temperatures have decreased disease incidence of the cattle, leading to their
increased growth.
Increased water availability as water levels rise increased the growth and mass of the cattle.
Decreased competition with other mammal species in the wild has increased the aver-age growth rate
of cattle.
Humans have bred the cattle to have improved genetics that increase growth rates and mass.
N
Answers
Increased global temperatures have decreased disease incidence of the cattle, leading to their increased growth.
The correct option is A.
What is an example of growth?A gradual increase in time, size, mass, or height is referred to as growth. An example of maturity is a rowdy teen who grew noticeably quieter in her late 20s. A boy that grows an inch taller between both the ages of 14 and 15 is an illustration of growth.
What causes growth?Hormones created by the pituitary gland in the brain regulate a person's body's growth from the moment they are born. Growth hormone, sometimes referred to as human growth hormone, HGH, or GH, is the most crucial hormone for growth.
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The complete question is -
Average cattle size over the past 100 years has increased steadily. Cows, on average, are more than 100 pounds heavier than they were a century ago. What is the most likely explanation of the increases observed in the cows?
A- Increased global temperatures have decreased disease incidence of the cattle, leading to their increased growth.
B- Increased water availability as water levels rise increased the growth and mass of the cattle.
C- Decreased competition with other mammal species in the wild has increased the aver-age growth rate of cattle.
D- Humans have bred the cattle to have improved genetics that increase growth rates and mass.
While abundant quantities of proteins are produced by free ribosomes in the cytosol, new proteins are also produced by which of the following organelles?~lysosomes~mitochondria~the nucleolus~the Golgi apparatus
Answers
The proteins of the Golgi apparatus are produced by free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
where does the lysosome protein get made?Lysosomes first appear in the trans-Golgi network, a component of the Golgi complex that is in charge of sorting newly produced proteins into subcellular compartments like lysosomes, endosomes, and the plasma membrane.
Why does a cell produce new proteins?Ribosomes are the areas in a cell where protein synthesis takes place. The precise number of ribosomes in a cell depends on how quickly proteins are made. For instance, cells that divide quickly frequently have high ribosome levels. A lysosome is essentially an enzyme-containing specialized vesicle.
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which machines use principles of slopes A . wheelbarrow B.crowbarC.pulley D.claw hammer E.ladder F.stair case G.contour roads
Answers
Answer:
Ladder, Staircase, Wheelbarrow,
Explanation:
in which of the following do the particles have the most energy?
A: Ice cream
B:A ham sandwich
C:A sugar cookie
D:A cup of coffee
Answers
Answer:
coffee
Explanation:
trust the energy
QUICK PLEASE
Which of the following cell
types are used in phloem?
A. Vessel elements-short, wide cells
B. Sieve-tube members-alive at maturity
C. Tracheids-hollow, tube like cells
D lignin-cells dead at maturity
Answers
2. calculate the rate of population change for the whales and the seals for the full length of the study. (hint: divide the total change in population size (negative or positive) by the total change in time, which is 10 years.)
Answers
The rate of population change for the whales and the seals over the full length of the study is 10 whales per year and 10 seals per year, respectively.
Assume the initial population of whales was 100 and the final population after 10 years was 200.
The total change in population for the whales would be 200 - 100 = 100.
Similarly, let's say the initial population of seals was 500 and the final population after 10 years was 600.
The total change in population for the seals would be 600 - 500 = 100.
Now, to calculate the rate of population change, you divide the total change in population by the total change in time, which is 10 years in this case.
For the whales: Rate of population change = (100 whales / 10 years)
= 10 whales per year.
For the seals: Rate of population change = (100 seals / 10 years)
= 10 seals per year.
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insulin is secreted by a. the hepatic lobule of the liver b. alpha cells of the pancreas c. beta cells of the pancreas d. acinar cells of the liver e. parafollicular cells of the thyroid
Answers
Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. The beta cells of the pancreas are responsible for producing and secreting insulin into the bloodstream.
These cells are located in the islets of Langerhans, which are scattered throughout the pancreas. When blood glucose levels rise, beta cells release insulin, which helps cells in the body absorb glucose from the blood and use it for energy or store it for future use. Insulin also helps regulate fat metabolism and protein synthesis in the body.
In contrast, alpha cells of the pancreas produce and secrete glucagon, which has the opposite effect of insulin, raising blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. The liver does not produce insulin; instead, it plays a critical role in regulating glucose levels by storing and releasing glucose as needed. Parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, are found in the thyroid gland and secrete calcitonin, which helps regulate calcium levels in the body. Acinar cells of the liver are responsible for producing and secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine, not hormones like insulin.
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Which best explains why plants and animals need nitrogen?
Answers
Answer: Nitrogen is important to all organisms because it forms the basis of many compounds necessary for life. However, living things cannot use N2 in its gaseous form in the atmosphere. Nitrogen gas found in air pockets within soil is converted into a form usable by plants through a process called nitrogen fixation.All plants and animals need nitrogen to make amino acids, proteins and DNA, but the nitrogen in the atmosphere is not in a form that they can use. ... When organisms die, their bodies decompose bringing the nitrogen into soil on land or into ocean water. Bacteria alter the nitrogen into a form that plants are able to use.
Explanation:
which of these consumers might depend on plankton for its energy? krill orca rabbit seaweed PLEASE ANSWER ASAP
Answers
Answer:
Krill and orca are both consumers that depend on plankton for their energy. Krill are small, shrimp-like animals that are a major food source for many marine animals, including orcas. Orcas are large, apex predators that hunt in packs to catch krill and other small marine animals. Rabbits and seaweed are not consumers that depend on plankton for their energy. Rabbits are herbivores that eat plants, and seaweed is a plant that gets its energy from the sun.
Here is a table that shows the relationship between these consumers and plankton:
Consumer : Relationship to plankton
Krill: Plankton is a major food source
Orca: Plankton is a prey item
Rabbit: Plankton is not a food source
Seaweed: Plankton is not a food source
The biosphere is best described as the regions of Earth that support _______. A. Plant life b. Animal life c. All life d. Human life Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
Answers
Answer:
c - all life
Explanation:
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) refers to the amount of alcohol contained in a persons blood.
T/F
Answers
True. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) refers to the measurement of alcohol content in a person's bloodstream.
It is expressed as a percentage, indicating the volume of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood. BAC is commonly used to assess a person's level of intoxication and their ability to operate vehicles or machinery safely. When alcohol is consumed, it is absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the stomach and small intestine.
The liver metabolizes the alcohol, but this process takes time. BAC levels can vary based on factors such as the amount and rate of alcohol consumption, body weight, gender, metabolism, and the presence of food in the stomach. Higher BAC levels generally result in impaired judgment, reduced motor skills, decreased reaction times, and increased risk of accidents or harm.
It is important to remember that driving or engaging in any activity that requires alertness should be avoided when BAC levels exceed legal limits.
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In horses, black coat is dominant to brown coat, and trotter is dominant to pacer. If you cross two parents that are heterozygous for both traits, what phenotype will occur with the probability of 1/16?
A- Brown, trotter
B- Black, trotter
C- Brown, pacer
D- Black, pacer
Answers
Question 1 (1 point)
Which of the following explains how density dependent factors can
slow population growth?
There are more births in the population.
There are more deaths in the population.
There are more births and deaths in the population.
There are fewer births and deaths in the population.
Answers
A ___________ in the Earth’s crust can be the location of a new landform.
Answers
When tectonic plates move against each other, they can create a variety of landforms, such as mountains, valleys, and volcanic islands. This process is known as plate tectonics and it is responsible for shaping the Earth's surface over millions of years. For example, the Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, and the Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanic activity at a hotspot on the Pacific Plate.
Approximately how many Americans don’t know they are hiv positive ? 1/31/51/61/10
Answers
The US has aproximately 1.2 million people living with HIV in the country, being 240,000 not knowing they are infected. Therefore, the amount of Americans that don't know they are HIV positive is nearly 1 in 5 people (1/5).
what is a global fire
Answers
Answer:
a wild fire of a spreading fire that reaches a global span
Explanation:
i need help with biology
Answers
Answer: A, carboxyl group
Explanation:
if a population overshoots its ___ it may have a population crash
Answers
which is not a characteristic of life? 1.maintaining homostasis  2.having cells 3.obtaining and using energy 4.movement
Answers
Which claim has the highest degree of objectivity?
O A scientist working for a real estate company wrote an article stating that the air quality in that town was the best
in the state.
O A research team working at a university wrote an article stating that multiple experiments have shown that marine
ecosystems are sensitive to water pollution
O A research team working for a bread company wrote an article stating that their company's bread is healthier
than the competitor's bread.
O A doctor who appears in commercials for a specific medicine wrote an article stating that many people could
benefit from taking that medicine.
Answers
Answer:
A research team working at a university wrote an article stating that multiple experiments have shown that marine ecosystems are sensitive to water pollution.
Explanation:
Answer:
B. A research team working at a university wrote an article stating that multiple experiments have shown that marine ecosystems are sensitive to water pollution.
Explanation: Got this right on edge ;)
what is a non example of an organism?
Answers
Technology are not a living organism, plastic, metal, gold, etc.
There is many things that are non living organism just remember, the key to find if something is a living organism is that you need to find if it need another living thing to live. :)
Hope this helps!
n-acetylcysteine (nac) is often administered for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose to help prevent the toxic metabolite, napqi, from accumulating in hepatocytes. this is most likely because nac:
Answers
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is often administered for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose to help prevent the toxic metabolite, NAPQI, from accumulating in hepatocytes.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is often administered for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose to help prevent the toxic metabolite, NAPQI, from accumulating in hepatocytes. This is most likely because NAC regenerates the glutathione that is depleted as a result of acetaminophen metabolism. As a result, NAC helps to avoid liver damage caused by the NAPQI in overdose. NAC has been shown to be effective in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, according to studies. The early administration of NAC after an acetaminophen overdose can be beneficial because it may improve the outcomes of patients who have ingested toxic amounts of the medication. The administration of NAC should be done as soon as possible after an overdose, and it should be continued until the patient's clinical status improves.
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marking brainliest too!
How do plants react to a change when space is reduced?
They compete for sunlight.
They grow faster.
They have shorter life cycles.
They move to new locations.
Answers
Answer:
They compete for sunlight
Explanation: I did the test, and this was right.
(GIVING BRAINLIEST AND EXTRA POINTS!!!!!!!)
Label the climate zones on the globe.
Answers
Answer:
ill do one k
well 2
top is north
bottem is south
Explanation:
during what step of glycolysis are two atp molecules required?
Answers
Two ATP molecules are required during the energy-requiring steps of glycolysis, specifically during the first stage of glycolysis.
During the first phase of glycolysis, which is known as the preparatory stage, two ATP molecules are expended for each glucose molecule that enters the glycolytic pathway to catalyze two different reactions. The reactions that require the use of ATP in the preparatory stage are the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate, as well as the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
Glycolysis is the initial process of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, in which glucose is broken down into pyruvate to extract energy. This occurs without the use of oxygen and generates a net gain of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule. Glycolysis consists of two major stages: the preparatory stage and the energy-yielding stage, and the first stage is the stage where two ATP molecules are required.
The preparatory phase is followed by the energy-releasing stage, in which the energy in glucose is converted to ATP, resulting in the generation of four ATP molecules and two NADH molecules.
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Sort each description by the type of RNA it describes.
a) contains an anticodon
b) specifies the amino acid squence for a protein
c) contains exons
d)has amino acids covalently attached
e) is a component of ribosomes
f) is the most abundant form of RNA
which description fits tRNA, mRNA, rRNA?
Answers
tRNA contains an anticodon, mRNA specifies the amino acid sequence for a protein, and rRNA is a component of ribosomes.
tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis and contains an anticodon that recognizes and binds to a specific codon on the mRNA.
mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome and specifies the amino acid sequence for a protein through a series of codons.
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes and helps to facilitate protein synthesis by providing a site for mRNA and tRNA to interact.
None of the descriptions fit snRNA (small nuclear RNA), which is involved in splicing pre-mRNA. The description of having amino acids covalently attached fits neither tRNA, mRNA, rRNA nor snRNA, as they do not have amino acids attached to them.
Lastly, the description of being the most abundant form of RNA fits rRNA, which makes up the majority of RNA in a cell.
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Discuss some of the advantages to having a cycle that partially replenishes itself. In the Calvin cycle, what would happen to the cycle if there was no carbon dioxide available?
Answers
Answer:
The carbon atoms used to build carbohydrate molecules come from carbon dioxide, the gas that we exhale with each breath.
Explanation:
Dark reactions are also referred as "light independent reactions" (since they can occur during day or night) or as "carbon-fixation" (since carbon dioxide is taken from the air and carbon is affixed to compounds in the plant) or as the Calvin Cycle (named for the person who discovered it).
16 The diagram below shows an experiment to investigate a certain physiological process String - Beaker Half filled visking tubing With Concentrated Salt Solution Distilled water a) Account for the observation made at the end of the experiment (4mks)
Answers
Answer:
In tube 3, water molecules are moving towards higher concentration i.e., from beaker to tube content, thus the mass increases but in case of tube 4, water is moving out from tube contents to beaker, as the beaker contains more concentrated solution. Thus, the correct answer is 'Water is moving into Tube 3, and water is moving out of Tube 4.'
Solve any question of Excretory Products
how is biological diversity is increased by the origin of new species.