A chemical reaction in which bonds are created is usually associated with ________.

An electron will emit energy in quanta when its energy state changes from 4p to 3s.

When a quantum mechanical system or particle is bound, or spatially constrained, it can only take on specific discrete energy values, or energy levels. As opposed to classical particles, which can have any energy level, this. The phrase can also refer to the energy levels of nuclei or the vibrational or rotational energy levels in molecules. The term is most frequently used to describe the energy levels of the electrons in atoms, ions, or molecules that are confined by the electric field of the nucleus. A system with such distinct energy levels is said to have a quantized energy spectrum.

An electron shell, also known as a primary energy level, is the orbit of one or more electrons around the nucleus of an atom in chemistry and atomic physics. The "1 shell" (also known as the "K shell") is the shell that is closest to the nucleus. The "2 shell" (also known as the "L shell"), "3 shell" (also known as the "M shell"), and so forth are the shells that are further and more away from the nucleus. The shells are either labelled alphabetically with X-ray notation letters or with the primary quantum numbers (n = 1, 2, 3, 4...) (K, L, M, N...).

To know more about energy state click here:

https://brainly.com/question/13818669

#SPJ4

Explanation:

Halogens are elements found in the 7-th group on the periodic table. They are predominantly know for their electronegativity values and they have a high ionization energy.

Answer:

591.471 MILLIMETERS

Explanation:

Formula  

for an approximate result, multiply the volume value by 29.574

29.574*20=591.471

If you think this has helped you please consider brainly, thank you, or rate.

Miss Hawaii ; )

ANSWER

The mass of water is 0.0536 kg

STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION;

Given information

The mass of KNO3 = 175g

The molarity of the solution = 32.25 M

The molality formula is given below as

The first step is to find the mole of the solute using the below formula

Recall, the molar mass of KNO3 is 101.1032 g/mol

The second step is to find the mass of water using the molality formula

Hence, the mass of water is 0.0536 kg

The pH of a 0.25 M K3PO4 solution, taking into account the dissociation steps and the acid dissociation constants, is approximately 12.17.

The K3 in K3PO4 represents the potassium ions in the compound, which are spectator ions and do not contribute to the pH of the solution. When determining the pH of a solution of K3PO4, we focus on the phosphate ion (PO4^3-) and its acid-base properties.

The phosphate ion, PO4^3-, can undergo multiple acid-base reactions due to the presence of three dissociable protons (H+ ions). Each proton has its own acid dissociation constant (Ka) associated with it. In this case, we have three Ka values: Ka1, Ka2, and Ka3.

To determine the pH of the solution, we need to consider the dissociation of H+ ions from each step of the acid dissociation. The pH can be calculated based on the equilibrium concentrations of H+ and the acid dissociation constants.

The dissociation reactions for the three steps are as follows:

Step 1: H3PO4 ⇌ H+ + H2PO4-

Step 2: H2PO4- ⇌ H+ + HPO4^2-

Step 3: HPO4^2- ⇌ H+ + PO4^3-

The concentration of H+ ions from each step will depend on the initial concentration of K3PO4 and the relative magnitudes of the Ka values.

To calculate the pH of the solution, we need to consider all three steps and their equilibrium concentrations of H+ ions. It is a complex calculation that involves solving a system of equations. Here, I will provide you with the final result:

The pH of a 0.25 M K3PO4 solution, taking into account the dissociation steps and the acid dissociation constants, is approximately 12.17.

Learn more about  dissociation constants here

https://brainly.com/question/28197409

#SPJ11

Answer:

The correct option is 2.

Explanation:

In a nuclear reaction balanced we have that:

1. The sum of the mass number (A) of the reactants (r) is equal to the sum of the mass number of the products (p) \( \Sigma A_{r} = \Sigma A_{p} \)

2. The sum of the atomic number (Z) of the reactants is also equal to the sum of the atomic number of the products \(\Sigma Z_{r} = \Sigma A_{p}\)      

So, let's evaluate each option.

1) \(^{23}_{11}Na \rightarrow ^{24}_{11}Mg + ^{1}_{1}H\)

The mass number of the reactant is:

\(A_{r} = 23 \)

The sum of the mass number of the products is:

\( A_{p} = 24 + 1 = 25 \)

This is not the correct option because it does not meet the first condition (\( \Sigma A_{r} = \Sigma A_{p}\)).

2) \(^{24}_{11}Na \rightarrow ^{24}_{12}Mg + ^{0}_{-1}e\)  

The mass number of the reactant and the products is:

\(A_{r} = 24 \)

\( A_{p} = 24 + 0 = 24 \)

Now, the atomic number of the reactants and the products are:

\(Z_{r} = 11 \)

\( Z_{p} = 12 + (-1) = 11 \)      

This nuclear reaction is balanced since it does meet the two conditions for a balanced nuclear equation, (\( \Sigma A_{r} = \Sigma A_{p}\) and \( \Sigma Z_{r} = \Sigma Z_{p}\)).  

3) \(^{24}_{13}Al \rightarrow ^{24}_{12}Mg + ^{0}_{-1}e\)      

The mass number of the reactant and the products is:

\(A_{r} = 24 \)

\( A_{p} = 24 + 0 = 24 \)

Now, the atomic number of the reactants and the products are:

\(Z_{r} = 13 \)

\( Z_{p} = 12 + (-1) = 11 \)      

This reaction does not meet the second condition (\( \Sigma Z_{r} = \Sigma Z_{p}\)) so this is not a balanced nuclear equation.

4) \(^{23}_{12}Mg \rightarrow ^{24}_{12}Mg + ^{1}_{0}n\)

The mass number of the reactant and the products is:

\(A_{r} = 23 \)

\( A_{p} = 24 + 1 = 25 \)  

This reaction is not a balanced nuclear equation since it does not meet the first condition (\( \Sigma A_{r} = \Sigma A_{p}\)).

Therefore, the correct option is 2.

I hope it helps you!

The component that will limit the reaction is:

a. HCl (Hydrochloric acid)

To determine the limiting reagent in the given chemical reaction, we need to compare the moles of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio of the balanced equation.

Let's calculate the number of moles for each reactant:

For Zn:

Molar mass of Zn = 65.38 g/mol

Number of moles of Zn = mass / molar mass = 3.27 g / 65.38 g/mol ≈ 0.05 mol

For HCl:

Molar mass of HCl = 36.46 g/mol

Number of moles of HCl = mass / molar mass = 3.30 g / 36.46 g/mol ≈ 0.09 mol

According to the balanced equation, the stoichiometric ratio between Zn and HCl is 1:2. This means that for every 1 mole of Zn, we need 2 moles of HCl.

In this case, the number of moles of Zn (0.05 mol) is less than half of the number of moles of HCl (0.09 mol). Therefore, Zn is the limiting reagent, as it will be completely consumed before all the HCl can react.

So, the component that will limit the reaction is:

a. HCl (Hydrochloric acid)

Learn more about  limiting reagent from the link given below.

https://brainly.com/question/31325385

#SPJ4

Water 3.0 deals mainly with sewage treatment. The primary aim of this project is to reduce the harmful impacts of chemical pollutants from industrial and agricultural activities on natural water resources.

Currently, used wastewater treatment technologies can break down some of the chemicals in wastewater but not all of them. Chemicals that are not broken down are referred to as persistent organic pollutants. These chemicals persist in the environment for long periods, and they can cause severe damage to aquatic life and human health.
Currently, the primary challenge facing water treatment technologies is the removal of persistent organic pollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals from wastewater.

These pollutants are generally water-soluble and resist microbial degradation, making them hard to remove from wastewater using current water treatment technologies. For example, conventional activated sludge treatment used in wastewater treatment plants does not remove some persistent organic pollutants from wastewater.
Failure to remove these pollutants from wastewater can have significant environmental and health impacts.

For example, pharmaceutical chemicals can cause antibiotic resistance, while endocrine-disrupting chemicals can cause birth defects, cancer, and other health problems.

Therefore, there is a need to improve wastewater treatment technologies to remove persistent organic pollutants from wastewater.
In conclusion, wastewater treatment technologies can break down some chemicals but not all. Chemicals that are not broken down are persistent organic pollutants and pose a significant risk to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is important to develop wastewater treatment technologies that can remove these pollutants from wastewater.

To know more about chemicals visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29240183

#SPJ11

Relative measures of VO2 compare oxygen consumption to body weight (ml/kg/min), while absolute measures represent the total oxygen consumption (L/min) without accounting for body weight.

Difference between relative and absolute measures of VO2:

Relative measures of VO2 compare an individual's oxygen consumption to their body weight and are expressed as milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min).

This accounts for differences in body size and allows for comparisons between individuals of varying weights.

Absolute measures of VO2 represent the total amount of oxygen consumed by an individual during physical activity and are expressed as liters of oxygen per minute (L/min).

Absolute VO2 values are not adjusted for body weight and are often used when comparing the overall cardiovascular fitness or metabolic demands of different activities.

In summary, relative measures of VO2 normalize oxygen consumption based on body weight, while absolute measures represent the total oxygen consumption regardless of body weight.

learn more about oxygen here:

https://brainly.com/question/13905823

#SPJ11

In order to do this, particles were created by combining equal amounts of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), with the initial salt concentrations of CaCl2 and Na2CO3 ranging from 5 10-4 to 5 10-2 M.

Calcium carbonate is utilized as a dietary supplement when the calcium intake from food alone is insufficient. For healthy bones, muscles, a neurologic system, and a heart, the body needs calcium. Calcium carbonate is also used as an antacid to treat heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain. Calcium carbonate has the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a chemical that frequently occurs in rocks as that of the minerals calcite & aragonite and is used as the main component of pearl, gastropod shell, eggshells, and the skeletons of shellfish. Calcareous refers to things with a high concentration of calcium carbonate or things that resemble it.

High levels of calcium in your blood might cause swelling, rapid weight gain, or symptoms like nausea, vomiting, constipation, increased thirst or urination, muscular weakness, bone pain, confusion, a lack of energy, or feeling exhausted.

Effects on Humans: Humans' eyes, noses, mucous membranes, and skin are all physically irritated by calcium carbonate dust. When calcium carbonate dust comes into contact with the eyes, it produces swelling, soreness, and redness of the eyelids, whereas when it comes into contact with the skin, it causes mild local irritation.

To know more about Calcium Carbonate visit:

https://brainly.com/question/15383829

#SPJ1

Answer:

1.mole allows us to weigh convenient amounts of material containing known numbers of atoms; i.e., it allows us to count atoms

2. H202 :34.0147 g/mol

C2H6: 30.07 g/mol

Answer:

167.5g

Explanation:

From the question, we know the mass of NaCl and the molar mass of NaCl, so we can calculate the number of moles of NaCl:

Moles = mass ÷ molar mass

The molar mass of NaCl can be calculated by adding the relative formula masses of the elements Na and Cl:

23.0 + 35.5 = 58.5

We can use the formula to find the number of moles of NaCl:

moles = 138 ÷ 58.5

= 2.35897...

Now, we need to find the mass of Cl2. Rearranging the formula of moles = mass ÷ molar mass

mass = moles × molar mass

Calculating the molar mass of Cl2 by adding the relative atomic masses:

35.5 + 35.5 = 71

Hence the mass is:

2.35897... × 71 = 167.5g (to 1dp)

Answer:

To the left two places

Explanation:

Example

millimeters         250

centimeters        25.0

decimeters         2.50

meters                0.250

Answer:

yuh

Explanation:

Wavelength (L) is calculated using: L = gT²/2π, here g=9.8 m/s2 and T is wave period in seconds.

Wavelength of a wave describes how long the wave is and the distance from the "crest" (top) of one wave to the crest of next wave is called wavelength. We can also measure from the "trough" (bottom) of one wave to trough of next wave and get the same value for the wavelength.

We measure wavelength in following ways:

Use photometer to measure the energy of wave.

Convert energy into joules (J).

Divide energy by Planck's constant, 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴, to get the frequency of  wave.

Divide speed of light, ~300,000,000 m/s, by frequency to get wavelength.

To know more about wavelength, refer

https://brainly.com/question/10750459

#SPJ9

(a)

Heptane is the limiting factor. as O2 can be found in air.

(b)

balanced equation: C7H16 + 11 O2 --> 7 CO2 + 8 H2O

moles of O2= mass/ mr

moles of O2= 25000/32

moles of O2 = 781.25 moles

According to molar ratio:  

11 : 7

moles of carbon dioxide:

(781.25/11) * 7

497.16 moles

using mass = moles * mr

mass of CO2 = 497.16  * 44 = 21875.04 g -- this is mass of CO2

Answer:

Groups I & II

Explanation:

The most reactive metal groups on the periodic table are metals of group 1 and II.

Group I elements are the alkali metals

Group II elements are the alkali earth metals

Therefore, elements in groups I and II are the most reactive metallic groups.

Group I elements prefers to lose one electron to attain an octet configuration.

Group II elements prefers to lose two electrons.

Answer:

Explanation:

The percentage error of a certain measurement can be found by using the formula

\(P(\%) = \frac{error}{actual \: \: number} \times 100\% \\ \)

From the question

actual density = 8.96 g/mL

error = 8.96 - 8.86 = 0.1

We have

\(p(\%) = \frac{0.1}{8.96} \times 100 \\ = 1.1160714...\)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Therefore, the pH of the acid solution after adding 15.00 mL of sodium hydroxide as the titrant is 3.56. Option c is Correct.

Here pH = -log [HA]

here pH is the pH of the solution, [HA] is the concentration of the acid in moles per liter, and Kw is the dissociation constant of the acid in the solution.

Using the given values, we can calculate the concentration of the acid and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide in the solution. The concentration of the acid can be calculated as follows:

[HA] = 0.0350 M * 0.500 L = 0.1725 M

The concentration of the sodium hydroxide can be calculated as follows:

[NaOH] = 0.0209 M * 0.500 L = 0.1018 M

The concentration of the sodium hydroxide can be calculated as follows:

[OH-] = [HA] - [NaOH] = 0.1725 M - 0.1018 M = 0.0707 M

The concentration of the sodium hydroxide can be calculated as follows:

[OH-] = [HA] - [NaOH] = 0.1725 M - 0.1018 M = 0.0707 M

The pH can be calculated using the equation:

pH = -log [HA]

= -log [0.1725 M] - log [0.1018 M]

= 4.73 - 0.67

= 3.56

Learn more about acid solution Visit: brainly.com/question/24255408

#SPJ4

Answer:

Explanation:

Decomposition reaction, also known as analysis or dissociation, is a type of chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances or elements. In this reaction, a single reactant undergoes a chemical change and produces two or more products.

The decomposition reaction can be represented by the general equation:

AB → A + B

Where AB is the reactant, and A and B are the products. The reactant AB is usually a compound, and it breaks down into its constituent elements or simpler compounds.

There are different types of decomposition reactions, including:

Thermal decomposition: It occurs when a compound is heated, resulting in its decomposition into simpler substances. For example, the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produces calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2):

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

Electrolytic decomposition: It takes place when an electric current is passed through an electrolyte, causing it to break down into its component ions. For instance, the electrolysis of water (H2O) leads to the decomposition into hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2):

2H2O → 2H2 + O2

Photochemical decomposition: It occurs when a compound undergoes decomposition due to exposure to light energy. Chlorine gas (Cl2) can decompose into chlorine atoms (Cl) under the influence of light:

Cl2 → 2Cl

These are just a few examples of decomposition reactions. They are important in various chemical processes and are used in industries, laboratory experiments, and natural phenomena. By understanding and controlling decomposition reactions, scientists can gain insights into the behavior of different compounds and develop practical applications in fields such as chemistry, materials science, and environmental science.

Answer:

Explanation:

reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances or elements

Answer: The pOH value is 2.

Explanation:

Given: \([H^{+}] = 9.9 \times 10^{-13} M\)

pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.

Hence, pH of the given solution is calculated as follows.

\(pH = -log [H^{+}]\\= - log (9.9 \times 10^{-13})\\= 12\)

The relation between pH and pOH is as follows.

pH + pOH = 14

Therefore, pOH is calculated as follows.

pH + pOH = 14

12 + pOH = 14

pOH = 14 - 12

= 2

Thus, we can conclude that the pOH value is 2.

Answer:

Positive catalysts are those catalysts which increase the rate of the reaction This means that the activation energy of the reaction is lowered, and the speed of the reaction also increases. An example of positive catalysis is decomposition of potassium chlorate.

Explanation:

Answer:

the pair of isotopes are b and e

the element with mass no of 19 is C

the element with atomic no 7is D

Explanation:

B and E are isotopes bcos they have the same atomic no, i.e no of protons. They bother have atomic no of 17 BUT have different mass no i.e sum of neutrons and protons.

(b)C is correct because the sum of the protons and neutrons is 19

(c) D because it has 7 protons

Answer:

A calculator has an endifiite shape because all of its atoms are touching each other

For outside treatment:

The cost is a fixed $15,000 per year for the entire 9-year period.

Therefore, the EUAC for outside treatment is simply $15,000.

Comparing the EUAC values, we find that the EUAC for in-house treatment is approximately $6,329, while the EUAC for outside treatment is $15,000.

To calculate the equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) of each alternative and determine the most economical option, we need to analyze the costs over the 9-year period.

For in-house treatment:

The cost in the first year is $30,000, and the cost declines by $3,000 each year. We can use the arithmetic gradient formula to calculate the equivalent uniform annual cost.

Using the formula for an arithmetic gradient, the EUAC for in-house treatment can be calculated as follows:

EUAC = C - (G/A) * (1 - (1 + i)^(-n))

Where:

C = Initial cost = $30,000

G = Gradient (decrease per year) = -$3,000

A = Annuity factor (obtained from the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding) for 9 years at 8% MARR = 6.71008 (rounded)

i = Interest rate = 8% = 0.08

n = Number of years = 9

Substituting the values into the formula:

EUAC = $30,000 - (-$3,000/6.71008) * (1 - (1 + 0.08)^(-9))

EUAC ≈ $6,329 (rounded)

For outside treatment:

The cost is a fixed $15,000 per year for the entire 9-year period.

Therefore, the EUAC for outside treatment is simply $15,000.

Comparing the EUAC values, we find that the EUAC for in-house treatment is approximately $6,329, while the EUAC for outside treatment is $15,000.

Since the EUAC for in-house treatment is lower, it is the more economical alternative for processing waste liquids.

To know more about equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) , click here, https://brainly.com/question/32459736

#SPJ11

Answer:

a or c

Explanation:

Can I have the brainliest pls?

Answer:

Answer is A. Ethyl.........

Answer:

D. ethane

Explanation: