A computer architect needs to design the pipeline of a new microprocessor. She has an example workload program core with 10^6 instructions. Each instruction takes 100 ps to finish.a. How long does it take to execute this program on a non-pipelined processor?b. The current state-of-the-art microprocessor has about 20 pipeline stages. Assume it is perfectly pipelined. How much speedup will it achieve over the non-pipelined processor?c. Real pipelining isn't perfect, since implementing pipelining introduces some overhead per pipeline stage. Will this overhead affect instruction latency, instruction throughput, or both?
Answers
a. To execute the program on a non-pipelined processor, we need to multiply the number of instructions with the time taken to execute one instruction. Therefore, the total time taken to execute the program on a non-pipelined processor is 10^6 * 100 ps = 100 ms.
b. The speedup achieved by the perfectly pipelined microprocessor can be calculated using the following formula: Speedup = (Number of instructions * Execution time of non-pipelined processor) / (Number of instructions + Number of pipeline stages - 1) * Execution time of one instruction
Plugging in the values, we get:
Speedup = (10^6 * 100 ms) / ((10^6 + 20 - 1) * 100 ps) = 166.67x
Therefore, the perfectly pipelined microprocessor will achieve a speedup of 166.67x over the non-pipelined processor.
c. Implementing pipelining introduces some overhead per pipeline stage. This overhead affects instruction throughput, as it slows down the time taken to execute instructions. However, it does not affect instruction latency, as the time taken for an individual instruction to finish remains the same.
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Related Questions
If the probability of a bit error is p, what is the probability of a single, double, and triple error in a 10-bit word? Express it in terms of p.
Answers
Answer:
single bit error: 10pdouble bit error: 45p²triple bit error: 120p³Explanation:
The probability of n bits being in error is 10Cn × p^n, where ...
10Cn = 10!/(n!(10-n!))
10C1 = 10
10C2 = 45
10C3 = 120
This is the product of the probability that n bits can be in error and the number of ways that n bits can be chosen from the 10 in the word.
n = 1: 10p
n = 2: 45p²
n = 3: 120p³
Which option identifies the section of a project charter represented in the following scenario?
Updated POS terminals will be available to the following five departments by July 31, 2015.
O project assumptions
O project deliverables
O project constraints
O project requirements
Answers
The shape of the wood beam is a rectangle. In a paragraph explain the tradeoffs an engineer would make in selecting a wood with a rectangle shape versus manufactured beams with other stronger but lighter weight shapes.
Answers
Answer:
Wood is heavy
Explanation:
Get into a new Command Window, and type rand to get a random real number. Make a note of the number. Then exit MATLAB and repeat this, again making a note of the random number; it should be the same as before. Finally, exit MATLAB and again get into a new Command Window. This time, change the seed before generating a random number; it should be different g
Answers
Answer:
I don't know the answer sorry
Q3
a. A binary search tree may be balanced or unbalanced based on the arrangement
of the nodes of the tree. With you knowledge in Binary search tree:
i. Explain the best and worst case scenarios of the time and space complexity of
both type of binary trees above. (AP)15 marks
b. A program accepts natural numbers N and M as inputs into an integer array A[ ]
and B[ ], each consisting of N and M of elements respectively. Sort the arrays A[ ]
and b[ ] in descending order of magnitude. Use the sorted array to generate a merged
array C[ ]. Array C[ ] should be generated in descending order. Assume the input
arrays comprise a maximum of 20 elements each, with no duplicates. Common
elements should be included in the merged array only once.
Using C++ implement the program above to achieve its stated requirements
above
Answers
The best case scenarios of the time and space complexity of binary search is simply the time complexity of the binary search algorithm which is O(log n).
However, this balanced scenarios complexity would be O(1) when the central index would directly match the desired value.
On the other end, for an unbalanced scenarios of binary search tree, the running time of a binary search would be O(n). which will represent a linked list
What is binary search tree?The binary search tree simply refers to an advanced algorithm used for analyzing the node, its left and right branches, which are eventually modeled in a tree structure and returning the value.
So therefore, the best case scenarios of the time and space complexity of binary search is simply the time complexity of the binary search algorithm which is O(log n).
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What does efficiency measure?
Answers
Answer:
Efficiency is defined as any performance that uses the fewest number of inputs to produce the greatest number of outputs. Simply put, you're efficient if you get more out of less.
Explanation:
Chemical engineering is one of the simpler fields in engineering.
True
False
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Exercise 2: Consider the relations Students, Faculty, Courses, Rooms, Enrolled, Teaches, and Meets 1. List all the foreign key constraints among these relations. 2. Give an example of a (plausible) constraint involving one or more of these relations that is not a primary key or foreign key constraint.
Answers
1. Foreign key constraints among the relations:
- In the Enrolled relation, the StudentID should be a foreign key referencing the Students relation (specifically the ID attribute) to ensure that only valid students can be enrolled in courses.
- Also in the Enrolled relation, the CourseID should be a foreign key referencing the Courses relation (specifically the ID attribute) to ensure that students can only enroll in valid courses.
- In the Teaches relation, the FacultyID should be a foreign key referencing the Faculty relation (specifically the ID attribute) to ensure that only valid faculty members can teach courses.
- Also in the Teaches relation, the CourseID should be a foreign key referencing the Courses relation (specifically the ID attribute) to ensure that faculty members can only teach valid courses.
- In the Meets relation, the CourseID should be a foreign key referencing the Courses relation (specifically the ID attribute) to ensure that only valid courses have meeting information.
- Also in the Meets relation, the RoomID should be a foreign key referencing the Rooms relation (specifically the ID attribute) to ensure that courses can only meet in valid rooms.
2. An example of a plausible constraint involving one or more of these relations that is not a primary key or foreign key constraint:
- A check constraint can be added to the Enrolled relation to ensure that the enrollment date is within the valid time period for a specific course. This constraint would involve checking the enrollment date attribute in the Enrolled relation against the course start and end dates in the Courses relation.
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Tech a says both oem and tcmc brake pad kits come with new shims. Tech b says tcmc products have a 13 digit part number instead of the traditional 10 digits. Who is correct?
Answers
application's of kirchoff's law
Answers
Based on the concept that it is better to prevent falls happening in the first place, which of the following safety methods meets that criteria?
Answers
Answer:fall arrest harness
Explanation:cuz it’s just right
To pass a bicyclist traveling in the same direction on a two-lane road without bicycle lanes, you should:
Answers
To pass a bicyclist traveling in the same direction on a two-lane road without bicycle lanes, you should slow down and wait until there is no traffic approaching, then pass the bicyclist leaving him or her sufficient space.
What is bicycle lane?A bike lane is a section of the road that has been marked with pavement markings, signage, and striping specifically for the preferential or exclusive use of cyclists. With predictable behaviour and movements between cyclists and motorists, bike lanes allow cyclists to travel at their preferred speed without being hindered by the current traffic situation.
A bike lane differs from a cycle track in that it lacks any physical barriers (bollards, medians, raised curbs, etc.) that prevent motorised traffic from encroaching on it. When there is no parking, traditional bike lanes run along the curbside, next to parked cars on the right side of the street, or on the left side of the street in certain circumstances.
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Which factor increases the efficacy of disinfectants during the process of disinfection?
Answers
The factors can increase the efficacy of disinfectants are:
1. Contact Time
2. Concentration
3. pH and Environmental Condition
4. Surface Preparation
5. Compatibility with the Target Organisms
Several factors can increase the efficacy of disinfectants during the process of disinfection. Some key factors include:
1. Contact Time: Increasing the duration of contact between the disinfectant and the target surface or microorganism can enhance efficacy. Allowing sufficient time for the disinfectant to act ensures better coverage and increases the likelihood of destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
2. Concentration: Using the disinfectant at the recommended concentration or higher can improve its effectiveness. Diluting the disinfectant excessively may reduce its potency and compromise its ability to kill or inactivate microorganisms effectively.
3. pH and Environmental Conditions: Some disinfectants may perform optimally within specific pH ranges. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding the appropriate pH level for the disinfectant to maximize its efficacy.
4. Surface Preparation: Pre-cleaning surfaces before applying disinfectants can enhance their efficacy. Removing visible dirt, debris, or organic matter from the surface allows the disinfectant to come into direct contact with the microorganisms, improving its ability to penetrate and act on them.
5. Compatibility with the Target Organisms: Different disinfectants may have varying effectiveness against specific types of microorganisms. It is important to select a disinfectant that is appropriate for the target organisms or pathogens being targeted. Some disinfectants are broad-spectrum and effective against a wide range of microorganisms, while others may be more specific in their action.
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The contact time or duration of exposure to the disinfectant increases its efficacy during disinfection.
We have,
The factor that increases the efficacy of disinfectants during the process of disinfection is the contact time or the duration for which the disinfectant remains in contact with the target surface or microorganisms.
A longer contact time allows the disinfectant to have more effective action in killing or inactivating the pathogens.
Thus,
The contact time or duration of exposure to the disinfectant increases its efficacy during disinfection.
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A circuit has two resistors in parallel, each resistor is 6 ohms. This circuit is connected to a single resistor of 6 ohms, to form a series-parallel circuit. What is the total resistance of the circuit?
Answers
The tatal resistance of the series-parallel circuit with two resistor connected in parallel which combination is connected in series to a single resistor is 9 ohms.
What is a resistance?
This can be defined as the opposition to current flow in a circuit.
To calculate the total resistance, first we need to find the total resistance of the parallel resistor.
For parallel,
R' = (R₁R₂)/(R₁+R₂)............Equation 1Where:
R' = Total resistance of the parallel resistor.
From the question,
Given:
R₁ = 6 ohmsR₂ = 6 ohmsSubstitute these values into equation 1
R' = (6×6)(6+6)R' = 3 ohms.Finally, we combine the effective parallel resistance in series to the single resistance to the the total resistance of the circuit.
Rt = R'+R₃.................. Equation 2Where:
Rt = Total resistance of the circuit.From the question,
R' = 3 ohmsR₃ = 6 ohmsSubstitute these values into equation 2
Rt = 3+6Rt = 9 ohms.Hence, the total resistance of the circuit is 9 ohms.
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an electric light fixture weighting 15N hangs from a point C by two strings AB and BC. the string AC is inclined at angle of 60 degree angle to the horizontal and BC at 45 degree angle to the horizontal. determine the forces in the strings AC and BC
Answers
Answer:
AC ≈ 10.98 NBC ≈ 7.76 NExplanation:
In this geometry, the force in each string is proportional to the cosine of the angle the opposite string makes with the horizontal, and is inversely proportional to the sine of the sum of the angles.
AC = (15 N)cos(45°)/sin(60° +45°) = (15 N)cos(45°)/sin(105°) ≈ 10.98 N
BC = (15 N)cos(60°)/sin(105°) ≈ 7.76 N
_____
The relation described above derives from the fact that the sum of vertical forces and the sum of horizontal forces are both zero when the system is in equilibrium.
when discussing on the construction methods, including HIGH OUTPUT EQUIPMENT and different on-track plants/machines.
1) foundation
2|) Main steelwork
3) Small plant steelwork
4) Wires and cables
5) sectioning, insulation registration, and in-line components
6) Earthing and bonding
Answers
Construction methods for railway projects involve foundation work, steelwork installation, plant setup, wiring, insulation, earthing, and bonding.
The construction process for railway projects involves various steps.
Firstly, the foundation work is crucial, as it establishes a stable base for the railway infrastructure. This includes tasks such as excavation, soil preparation, and laying the foundation materials.The next step is the installation of the main steelwork, which forms the structural framework of the railway system. This includes erecting bridges, viaducts, and other large-scale steel structures that support the tracks and trains.Additionally, there is small plant steelwork involved, which refers to the installation of smaller steel components such as support beams, platforms, and handrails that provide access and safety features within the railway infrastructure.Wires and cables play a vital role in railway construction, as they facilitate the transmission of power, signals, and communication throughout the system. This step involves the careful installation of electrical wiring, control cables, and signal cables.Sectioning, insulation registration, and in-line components refer to the process of dividing the railway tracks into sections, insulating them properly, and installing various components such as switches, crossings, and signals to ensure the safe and efficient operation of trains.Earthing and bonding are essential for electrical safety in railway systems. Proper earthing techniques ensure the dissipation of electrical faults and lightning strikes, while bonding connects different metallic parts to maintain electrical continuity and minimize the risk of electrical hazards.By following these construction methods, including the use of high-output equipment and specialized on-track plants/machines, railway projects can be efficiently executed with a focus on safety, durability, and functionality.
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Help this is very hard and I don't get it
Answers
Answer:
yes it is very hard you should find a reccomended doctor to aid in your situation. But in the meantime how about you give me that lil brainliest thingy :p
in the 802.11a amendment, the unii-3 band is intended to be used for which of the following wlan applications?
Answers
IEEE 802.11a is an amendment to the 802.11 standard for wireless LANs.
Which of the following wlan applications?
They are used for home and small office networks that link together laptop computers, printers, smartphones, Web TVs and gaming devices with a wireless router, which links them to the internet.WLANs allow users to move around in a confined area while they are still connected to the network. In some instance wireless LAN technology is used to save costs and avoid laying cable, while in other cases, it is the only option for providing high-speed internet access to the public.Although the terms WLAN and Wi-Fi are used interchangeably, the two wireless technologies differ. Wireless LAN uses radio technology to connect nodes, while Wi-Fi is a type of WLAN.To learn more about wlan refers to:
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A rain gutter is to be constructed from a metal sheet of width 3m by bending up one-third of the sheet on each side through an angle θ. How should θ be chosen so that the gutter will carry the maximum amount of water?.
Answers
The area of the gutter is therefore equal to the area of the rectangle plus the area of the triangles.
A = rectangle + 2 * triangle
= 10h + 2 * (1/2 hw)
Using trig work out h and w.
h = 10 sin ?
w = 10 cos ?
A = 10h + hw
= 100sin? + 100sin?cos?
Differentiate the expression (either use the product rule for sin? cos?, or write 100sin?cos? as 50sin2? using the double angle formula)
A = 100sin? + 50sin2?
dA/dt = 100cos? + 100cos2?
For A to be a max or min the derivative must equal zero
100cos? + 100cos2? = 0
cos? + cos2? = 0
Use the double angle formula to write cos2? as 2cos^2 ? - 1
cos? + 2cos^2 ? - 1 = 0
2cos^2 ? + cos? - 1 = 0
This quadratic factorizes:
(2cos? - 1)(cos? + 1) = 0
This means that
cos ? = 1/2 or cos ? = 1
giving:
? = pi/3 or ? = pi
Which means that to achieve the maximum area ? should be pi/3 = 60 degrees
You can check that this is the max by substituting in these values of theta and the two end points (theta = 0, theta = pi), and seeing that pi/3 gives the maximum.
The maximum area is therefore
A = 100sin? + 100sin?cos?
= 100sin(pi/3) + 100sin(pi/3)cos(pi/3)
= 100 sqrt(3) / 2 + 100 sqrt(3)/2 * 1/2
= 100 * 3/2 * sqrt(3) / 2
= 3 * 25 * sqrt(3)
= 75 sqrt(3)
= 129.9...
= 130 cm^3
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Please help
What are saving bonds?
Answers
The hydrofoil boat has an A-36 steel propeller shaft that is 100 ft long. It is connected to an in-line diesel engine that delivers a maximum power of 2490 hp and causes the shaft to
Answers
The question is incomplete. The complete question is :
The hydrofoil boat has an A-36 steel propeller shaft that is 100 ft long. It is connected to an in-line diesel engine that delivers a maximum power of 2590 hp and causes the shaft to rotate at 1700 rpm . If the outer diameter of the shaft is 8 in. and the wall thickness is \($\frac{3}{8}$\) in.
A) Determine the maximum shear stress developed in the shaft.
\($\tau_{max}$\) = ?
B) Also, what is the "wind up," or angle of twist in the shaft at full power?
\($ \phi $\) = ?
Solution :
Given :
Angular speed, ω = 1700 rpm
\($ = 1700 \frac{\text{rev}}{\text{min}}\left(\frac{2 \pi \text{ rad}}{\text{rev}}\right) \frac{1 \text{ min}}{60 \ \text{s}}$\)
\($= 56.67 \pi \text{ rad/s}$\)
Power \($= 2590 \text{ hp} \left( \frac{550 \text{ ft. lb/s}}{1 \text{ hp}}\right)$\)
= 1424500 ft. lb/s
Torque, \($T = \frac{P}{\omega}$\)
\($=\frac{1424500}{56.67 \pi}$\)
= 8001.27 lb.ft
A). Therefore, maximum shear stress is given by :
Applying the torsion formula
\($\tau_{max} = \frac{T_c}{J}$\)
\($=\frac{8001.27 \times 12 \times 4}{\frac{\pi}{2}\left(4^2 - 3.625^4 \right)}$\)
= 2.93 ksi
B). Angle of twist :
\($\phi = \frac{TL}{JG}$\)
\($=\frac{8001.27 \times 12 \times 100 \times 12}{\frac{\pi}{2}\left(4^4 - 3.625^4\right) \times 11 \times 10^3}$\)
= 0.08002 rad
= 4.58°
Mild neurotoxins can cause which of these physical effects?
Answers
What is the process that a ceramist uses to knead and remove pockets of air from wet clay?
A. throwing
B. slabbing
C. coiling
D. wedging
Answers
The process that a ceramist uses to knead and remove pockets of air from wet clay is called wedging.
Wedging involves a technique of working the clay by hand to remove any air bubbles or inconsistencies in the clay's texture. The ceramist takes a lump of wet clay and repeatedly kneads, compresses, and folds it to ensure uniformity and eliminate air pockets. This process helps to improve the clay's plasticity, remove excess moisture, and create a more workable and consistent material for shaping and forming. Wedging is an essential step in the preparation of clay before it can be used for various ceramic techniques such as throwing, slabbing, or coiling. It ensures that the clay is free from air bubbles that could cause structural weaknesses or uneven drying during the firing process.
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The temperature of a flowing gas is to be measured with a thermocouple junction and wire stretched between two legs of a sting, a wind tunnel test fixture. The junction is formed by butt-welding two wires of different material. For wires of diameter D = 125 m and a convection coefficient of h = 700 W/m^2 K, determine the minimum separation distance between the two legs of the sting, L=L1+L2, to ensure that the sting temperature does not influence the junction temperature and, in turn, invalidate the gas temperature measurement. Consider two different types of thermocouple junctions consisting of (i) copper and constantan wires and (ii) chromel and aluminel wires. Evaluate the thermal conductivity of copper and constantan at T300 K. Use kCh =19 W/mK and kA = l29 W/mK for the thermal conductivities of the chromel and alumel wires, respectively.
Answers
Answer:
minimum separation distance between the two legs of the sting L = L 1 + L 2 therefore L = 9.48 + 4.68 = 14.16 mL = 1.14 mExplanation:
D ( diameter ) = 125 m
convection coefficient of h = 700 W/m^2
Calculate THE CROSS SECTIONAL AREA
Ac = \(\frac{\pi }{4} * D^2\) = \(\frac{\pi }{4} * ( 125 )^2\) = 0.79 * 15625 = 12343.75 m^2
perimeter
p = \(\pi * D\) = 3.14 * 125 = 392.5 m
at 300k temperature the thermal conductivity of copper and constantan from the thermodynamic property table are :
Kcu = 401 w/m.k
Kconstantan = 23 W/m.k
To calculate the length of copper wire of the thermocouple junction
L 1 = 4.6 (\(\frac{Kcv Ac}{h P}\)) ^ 1/2 = 4.6 \((\frac{401 *12343.75 }{700 *392.5})^\frac{1}{2}\)
L 1 = 4.6 ( 4949843.75 / 274750 )^1/2
L 1 = 9.48 m
calculate length of constantan wire
L 2 = 4.6 \((\frac{kcons*Ac}{hp} )^\frac{1}{2}\)
= 4.6 ( (23 * 12343.75) / ( 700 * 392.5) ) ^1/2
L 2 = 4.6 ( 283906.25 / 274750 ) ^ 1/2
L 2 = 4.68 m
I) therefore the minimum separation distance between the two legs of the sting L = L 1 + L 2
L = 9.48 + 4.68 = 14.16 m
ii) Evaluating the thermal conductivity of copper and constantan
Kc ( thermal conductivity of chromel) = 19 w/m.k
Ka ( thermal conductivity of alumel ) = 29 W/m.k
distance between the legs L = L 1 + L 2
THEREFORE
L = 4.6 ( (Kcn * Ac ) / ( hp ) )^1/2 + 4.6 ( (Kac * Ac)/(hp) )^1/2
L = 4.6 \((\frac{Ac}{hp} )^\frac{1}{2} [ (Kcn)^\frac{1}{2} + (Kal)^\frac{1}{2} ]\)
L = 4.6 ( 12343.75 /( 700 * 392.5) )^1/2 * [ 19^1/2 + 29^1/2 ]
L = 4.6 ( 12343.75 / 274750 ) ^1/2 * 5.39
L = 1.14 m
13. What two major safety problems does hydrogen present?
Answers
Answer:
The risks associated with the handling of liquid hydrogen are fire, explosion, asphyxiation and extremely low temperature exposure.
Answer:
fire, explosion, asphyxiation, extremely low temperature exposure/cold burns
Explanation:
Hi all, could you solve this please?
What is the value of the resistance R
Answers
Answer:
try to 36v power and take 1a and intersect to 3
How would you achieve the linear convolution of a 100 sample time series and a 20 tap filter in the frequency domain?
Answers
Answer:
divide then add XD my guy this is easy
Explanation:
The linear convolution is a mathematical operation that finds the output of the linear time-variant system that is given its impulse and linear time-invariant responses.
The convolution for a 100 sample of time series and a 20 tap filter in the freq domain can be represented as y(n) = x(n) . h(n).Learn more about the achieve the linear convolution of a 1.
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the amount of current in an incandescent bulb rated 75w 120v is about
Answers
The current in the incandescent bulb is approximately 0.625 Amperes (A).
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb with a vacuum or inert gas to protect the filament from oxidation.
The amount of current in an incandescent bulb rated at 75W and 120V can be calculated using Ohm's Law, which states that current (I) is equal to power (P) divided by voltage (V).
Using this formula, the current can be calculated as:
I = P / V
I = 75W / 120V
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A cylindrical bar of metal having a diameter of 20.2 mm and a length of 209 mm is deformed elastically in tension with a force of 50500 N. Given that the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the metal are 65.5 GPa and 0.33, respectively, determine the following: (a) The amount by which this specimen will elongate in the direction of the applied stress. (b) The change in diameter of the specimen. Indicate an increase in diameter with a positive number and a decrease with a negative number.
Answers
Answer:
A) ΔL = 0.503 mm
B) Δd = -0.016 mm
Explanation:
A) From Hooke's law; σ = Eε
Where,
σ is stress
ε is strain
E is elastic modulus
Now, σ is simply Force/Area
So, with the initial area; σ = F/A_o
A_o = (π(d_o)²)/4
σ = 4F/(π(d_o)²)
Strain is simply; change in length/original length
So for initial length, ε = ΔL/L_o
So, combining the formulas for stress and strain into Hooke's law, we now have;
4F/(π(d_o)²) = E(ΔL/L_o)
Making ΔL the subject, we now have;
ΔL = (4F•L_o)/(E•π(d_o)²)
We are given;
F = 50500 N
L_o = 209mm = 0.209m
E = 65.5 GPa = 65.5 × 10^(9) N/m²
d_o = 20.2 mm = 0.0202 m
Plugging in these values, we have;
ΔL = (4 × 50500 × 0.209)/(65.5 × 10^(9) × π × (0.0202)²)
ΔL = 0.503 × 10^(-3) m = 0.503 mm
B) The formula for Poisson's ratio is;
v = -(ε_x/ε_z)
Where; ε_x is transverse strain and ε_z is longitudinal strain.
So,
ε_x = Δd/d_o
ε_z = ΔL/L_o
Thus;
v = - [(Δd/d_o)/(ΔL/L_o)]
v = - [(Δd•L_o)/(ΔL•d_o)]
Making Δd the subject, we have;
Δd = -[(v•ΔL•d_o)/L_o]
We are given v = 0.33; d_o = 20.2mm
So,
Δd = -[(0.33 × 0.503 × 20.2)/209]
Δd = -0.016 mm
a license verifi that an architect is qualified fies to . fi a. make copies of original drawings b. design structures that meet the standards for health, safety, and property c. make renderings and presentations d. subdivide land 2. to become an architectural drafter, you should have completed high school, taken courses in architectural drawing, and
Answers
A licence is proof that such an architect is certified to create buildings that adhere to health, safety, & property requirements.
What else do you call an architect with a licence?
When you have received your licence, you may refer yourself to others as an architect. Designers can add the letter R.A. (Registered Architect) to the end of his names, although AIA (American Institute of Architects) is an more popular prefix, signifying that the individual is a part of the national professional organisation for registered architects.
Can I earn a licence in architecture without a master's?
Clearing the NCARB-administered Architect Registration Examination would grant licence eligibility to prospective architects without an accredited degree or without any degree at all. They must also complete the AXP and have least nine years of work experience.
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