A flat-plate X-ray diffraction pattern was obtained from an unoriented sample of polyethylene using CuKa radiation (a = 0.1542 nm). It consisted of three rings of radius 22.2, 36.6 and 19.7 mm. The specimen-to-film distance was 50 mm. Calculate the d-spacing of the planes giving rise to these reflections.
Answers
The d-spacing of the planes giving rise to the reflections in the flat-plate X-ray diffraction pattern of polyethylene are 0.259 nm, 0.166 nm, and 0.307 nm.
The d-spacings can be calculated using Bragg's law, which relates the angle of diffraction (2θ) to the d-spacing of the crystal planes and the wavelength of the X-rays:
nλ = 2d sin(θ)
where n is the order of the reflection (n=1 for the first ring, n=2 for the second, etc.).
Using the given specimen-to-film distance of 50 mm, we can calculate the diffraction angles (2θ) corresponding to each ring using the formula:
2θ = 2 tan^-1(r/D)
where r is the radius of the ring and D is the specimen-to-film distance. Plugging in the values, we get:
For the first ring (r = 22.2 mm): 2θ = 2 tan^-1(22.2/50) = 47.4°
For the second ring (r = 36.6 mm): 2θ = 2 tan^-1(36.6/50) = 67.3°
For the third ring (r = 19.7 mm): 2θ = 2 tan^-1(19.7/50) = 42.4°
Now we can use Bragg's law to calculate the d-spacing for each ring:
For the first ring (n=1): d = λ/(2 sin(θ/2)) = 0.1542/(2 sin(47.4/2)) = 0.259 nm
For the second ring (n=2): d = λ/(2 sin(θ/2)) = 0.1542/(2 sin(67.3/2)) = 0.166 nm
For the third ring (n=1): d = λ/(2 sin(θ/2)) = 0.1542/(2 sin(42.4/2)) = 0.307 nm
Therefore, the d-spacings for the three rings are 0.259 nm, 0.166 nm, and 0.307 nm, respectively.
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Related Questions
which will most likely increase the kinetic energy in this system?pulling farther back on the stringreleasing the stringholding the arrow higherdecreasing the mass of the arrow
Answers
Releasing the string will result in increased kinetic energy in the system. In conclusion, releasing the string will most likely increase the kinetic energy in this system.
Amongst the given options, the release of the string will most likely increase the kinetic energy in the system. This is because when the string is pulled back, the potential energy of the bowstring and the arrow is increased but when the string is released, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy associated with an object in motion. The arrow when released, will have a higher velocity and momentum due to its kinetic energy.
Therefore, releasing the string will result in increased kinetic energy in the system. In conclusion, releasing the string will most likely increase the kinetic energy in this system.
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a charge is placed 33 cm away from another charge. the charges are both 1.2 x 10^-5 coulombs. what is the force on each other
Answers
1.44*10^-3N is the force on each other. when 33 centimeters separates one charge from another charge. They both have charges of 1.2 x 10-5 coulombs.
Charge on the first sphere, q 1 =1.2 x 10^-5 C
Charge on the second sphere, q 2 =1.2 x 10^-5 C
Distance between the spheres, r=30cm=0.3m
F= 4πε
q 1 q 2/ r2
Where, ε 0
= Permittivity of free space 4πε 0
=9×10^9Nm2
F= (0.33) 2
1.2 x 10^-5 * 1.2 x 10^-5 C = 1.44*10^-3N
Hence, force between the two small charged spheres is 1.44*10^-3N.
The charges are of same nature. Hence, force between them will be repulsive.
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a railway staff is standing on the platform of railway station.a train goes through the station without stopping.if the frequency of the train whistle decrease by the a factor of 1.2 as it approaches and then passes him , calculate the speed is the train (assume that the speed is 343m/s;the ratio of approaches frequency to retreat frequency in 1.2.
Answers
The speed of the train which goes through the railway station without stopping given that a railway staff is standing on the platform and the frequency of the train whistle decrease by a factor of 1.2 as it approaches and then passes him.Given values:Speed of sound, v = 343m/sRatio of approach frequency to retreat frequency, n = 1.
Let the frequency of sound when the train is approaching be f1 and the frequency of sound when the train is moving away be f2.Speed of the train can be calculated as follows:Frequency of sound is given by the relation:
f = v / λwhere, λ is the wavelength of the sound.
As we can see here, the frequency of sound is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the sound.We know that when the source of sound is moving relative to the observer, the frequency of sound is given by:Doppler's effect formula for frequency:
f = v / (v ± u)where, v is the velocity of sound and u is the velocity of the observer.
If the source of sound is moving towards the observer, then u is negative. If the source of sound is moving away from the observer, then u is positive.From the given problem, we can assume that the velocity of the observer (railway staff) is zero compared to the velocity of the train. Hence, the velocity u can be taken as zero.Let the frequency of sound when the train is approaching be f1.
Let the frequency of sound when the train is moving away be f2.The ratio of the approach frequency to the retreat frequency is given by:
n = f1 / f2 ⇒ f1 / n = f2
The frequency of sound when the train is approaching and the frequency of sound when the train is moving away can be calculated using the Doppler's effect formula for frequency as follows:
f1 = v / (v - u) = v / v = 1f2 = v / (v + u) = v / v = 1
The frequency of sound when the train is approaching decreases by a factor of 1.2. Hence, the frequency of sound when the train is approaching is:f1 = 1 / 1.2 = 5 / 6The frequency of sound when the train is moving away is:f2 = f1 / n = (5 / 6) / 1.2 = 5 / 7.
Let the wavelength of the sound when the train is approaching be λ1.The wavelength of the sound when the train is approaching can be calculated as follows:
f1 = v / λ1 ⇒ λ1 = v / f1 = 343 / (5 / 6) = 2058 / 5 m.
Let the wavelength of the sound when the train is moving away be λ2.The wavelength of the sound when the train is moving away can be calculated as follows:
f2 = v / λ2 ⇒ λ2 = v / f2 = 343 / (5 / 7) = 2401 / 5 m
The velocity of the train can be calculated as follows:Velocity of the train = (λ1 + λ2) / Twhere, T is the time taken for the train to pass through the railway station.Since the length of the train is not given, we cannot calculate the time taken for the train to pass through the railway station. Hence, we cannot calculate the velocity of the train. Answer: Velocity of the train cannot be calculated as the length of the train is not given.
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When we use an analogy that represents the expanding universe with the surface of an expanding balloon, what does the inside of the balloon represent?
Answers
Answer: When we use an analogy that represents the expanding universe with the surface of an expanding balloon, what does the inside of the balloon represent? The inside of the balloon does not represent any part of our universe.
What may also be called breakers? Crusher, Grappler, Hydraulic Hammer, Trencher
Answers
a car is moving at a speed of 30 m/s on a curved section of a highway with a radius of 800 m. assume that the driver brakes to decelerate the car at a constant rate along the velocity direction. if after 8 sec the speed has been reduced to 20 m/s, determine the acceleration (vector) of the car immediately after the brakes were applied.
Answers
A particle is restricted to moving in a circle of radius of 10 meters. The particle is moving at a speed of ten m/s and is speeding up at a of 1.0 m/s2. The particle's acceleration and velocity vectors meet at an angle.
In physics, what is a particle?
It doesn't matter how big or small or even microscopic anything is; a particle is only a tiny, discrete element of it. Its concept of the particle can possibilities on what a scientist or designer is researching. If a particle is even smaller, such as a quark or a lepton, a theoretical physicist will still regard it to be a particle.
Describe particle?
Any substance made up of particles is referred to as a particulate. However, rather than a linked particle aggregation, the noun "particulate" is most usually used to refer to contaminants in the Upper orbit, which are a dispersion of disconnected particles. Dots are a common way to represent particles.
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please HELP ME!! i will give brainliest :)
Medical imaging of your bones and some other body parts uses a type of electromagnetic wave that
can pass through matter and produce two-dimensional images on a detector behind the body part. What
type of electromagnetic radiation does this process use? How is the image produced?
Answers
Answer:
It uses x-rays. The image is produced by polarizing exciting hydrogen nuclei of water molecules in the human tissue which will produce the image.
Answer:
It uses x-rays. The image is produced by polarizing exciting hydrogen nuclei of water molecules in the human tissue which will produce the image.
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only a relatively small part of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible. what determines which bands of the electromagnetic spectrum are invisible to humans?
Answers
Answer:
hsnzbssj
Explanation:
skibbbbbbbbbbbbibicalculate the vertical induced stress (dsz) at points b and c which are all located 8m below the surface. the pressure induced by the mat foundation is 250 kpa at the surface.
Answers
The vertical induced stress at points b and c, located 8m below the surface, is 181.25 kPa.
To calculate the vertical induced stress (dsz) at points b and c, we need to use the Boussinesq's equation. The equation states that the vertical induced stress (dsz) at a point below the surface of a mat foundation is equal to the pressure induced by the foundation at the surface (P0) multiplied by a correction factor (N) and a depth factor (Z).
N and Z are determined by the distance from the center of the foundation to the point of interest. For point b and c, which are 8m below the surface, the depth factor (Z) is equal to 0.5.
The correction factor (N) can be calculated using the following formula:
N = (1 + 0.4(D/B))((B+D)/D)^0.5
Where D is the depth of the foundation and B is the width of the foundation.
Assuming a foundation width of 10m and depth of 2m, we can calculate N to be approximately 1.45.
Therefore, the vertical induced stress (dsz) at points b and c is:
dsz = P0 x N x Z = 250 kPa x 1.45 x 0.5 = 181.25 kPa
So, the vertical induced stress at points b and c, located 8m below the surface, is 181.25 kPa.
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You have a 0.500-m-long copper wire. you want to make an n-turn current loop that generates a 1.00 mt m t magnetic field at the center when the current is 0.500 a a . you must use the entire wire. What will be the diameter of your coil?
Answers
The diameter of the coil is twice the radius: d = 2R = 2(0.0006235 m) = 0.001247 m = 1.25 mm
To find the diameter of the coil, we can use the formula for the magnetic field at the center of a current loop:
\(B = (μ₀ * n * I * A) / (2 * R)\)
where B is the magnetic field, μ₀ is the permeability of free space (4π x 10^-7 T·m/A), n is the number of turns, I is the current, A is the area of the loop, and R is the radius of the loop.
First, let's find the area of the loop:
\(A = π * r^2\)
where r is the radius of the loop. Since we want to use the entire wire, we can assume that the wire is coiled tightly and the diameter of the coil is equal to the diameter of the wire:
d = 2r = 2(0.500 m) = 1.000 m
Therefore, the radius of the loop is:
r = 0.500 m
And the area of the loop is:
\(A = π * (0.500 m)^2 = 0.785 m^2\)
Now we can rearrange the formula for R:
\(R = (μ₀ * n * I * A) / (2 * B)\)
Plugging in the given values, we get:
\(R = (4π x 10^-7 T·m/A * n * 0.500 A * 0.785 m^2) / (2 * 1.00 x 10^-3 T) = 0.0006235 m\)
Finally, the diameter of the coil is twice the radius:
d = 2R = 2(0.0006235 m) = 0.001247 m = 1.25 mm (to two significant figures)
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what metal can you melt using 1000 degress celcius
Answers
If you'll looking for a metal that melts at exactly 1000 degrees celcius, then Red Brass melts at exactly 1000 degrees celcius
A motorcycle skids to a stop on a road.
What is the equal and opposite force for the force of the motorcycle's friction pushing on the road as
described by Newton's third law?
Choose 1 answer:
Normal force of the road pushing up on the motorcycle
B
Earth's force of gravity pulling down on the motorcycle
Friction of the road on the motorcycle in the opposite direction
D
Motorcycle's force of gravity pulling up on the Earth
Answers
Answer:
Friction of the road on the motorcycle in the opposite direction
Explanation:
khan academy
If you know the answer please answer the following question down in the picture below.
Answers
Answer:
the answer is C
I hope I helped (◍•ᴗ•◍)❤
in steady flow, the velocity of a fluid particle at any point is constant in time. on the other hand, a fluid accelerates when it moves into a region of smaller cross-sectional area. (a) explain what causes the acceleration. (b) explain why the condition of steady flow does not rule out such an acceleration.
Answers
The acceleration is caused by an increase in the fluid's velocity due to the conservation of mass, and the steady flow does not rule out acceleration as the overall mass flow rate and total energy is constant over time.
The acceleration of a fluid in a region of smaller cross-sectional area is caused by an increase in the fluid's velocity due to the conservation of mass. As the fluid moves into an area with a smaller cross-sectional area, the fluid particles must increase their velocity in order to maintain the same mass flow rate. This increase in velocity results in an acceleration of the fluid.
The condition of steady flow does not rule out such an acceleration because steady flow refers to a steady state, meaning that the overall mass flow rate and total energy of the fluid is constant over time. However, this does not mean that the velocity of the fluid particles must be constant at all points within the fluid. In fact, as the fluid moves into an area with a smaller cross-sectional area, the fluid particles must accelerate in order to maintain the steady mass flow rate.
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does anyone know the answer to this?
Answers
Answer:
The cat went up
Explanation:
A compound microscope that has an eyepiece lens with a magnification of 10X and an objective lens with a magnification of 25X will have a total magnification of __________ times.
Answers
Answer:
35
Explanation:
total magnification = eyepiece lens x objective lens
TM = 10X x 25X
TM = 250X
What happens to light when it strikes a concave or convex lens?.
Answers
The concave lens is not used to form real images but only virtual images.
When light strikes a convex or concave lens, it refracts the light rays differently. The behavior of light passing through a convex or concave lens is influenced by the shape of the lens.
The basic principle behind the lens is to refract the light in such a way that it forms an image.
The type of lens used determines the characteristics of the image. A convex lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges.
The light rays passing through it converge to a point on the opposite side of the lens. It converges the light rays together and forms an image.
This lens is also known as the converging lens as it bends the light inwards towards the center. The image formed is real, inverted, and smaller than the object on the opposite side of the lens.
Therefore, the concave lens is not used to form real images but only virtual images.
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an object sits in front of a converging lens 27.2 cm away from it. if the image of the object is formed 68.3 cm on the opposite side of the lens, what is the focal length of the lens?
Answers
The focal length of the lens, in which the image is formed on the opposite side of the object- 68.3cm away from it, is -68.5cm.
The formula for finding the focal length of a lens is:
1/f = 1/di + 1/do
where f is the focal length of the lens, di is the distance from the lens to the image and do is the distance from the lens to the object.
In this case, di = -68.3 cm (since the image is formed on the opposite side of the lens), and do = 27.2 cm. Plugging these values into the formula gives:
1/f = 1/-68.3 + 1/27.2
Simplifying this equation gives:
1/f = -0.0146
Multiplying both sides by -1 gives:
-1/f = 0.0146
Dividing both sides by 0.0146 gives:
f ≈ -68.5 cm
The negative sign indicates that the lens is a diverging lens rather than a converging one. If you want to find the focal length of a converging lens, you should get a positive value for f.
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1. What types of emergency situations could
rescue workers be in that would make it
difficult for them to get energy to their
electrical devices?
Answers
Answer:
large-scale natural disasters
Explanation:
The niceties of civilization are generally unavailable over wide areas when they are affected by ...
hurricanesearthquakestornadoesSuch situations often require rescue workers.
Situations such as:
natural disasters, such as flooding.fire disastersFirst, we wonder, who are rescue workers? Basically speaking, a rescue worker is anyone who is trained to bring people out of any harm, danger, or threat that may come their way.
|n such emergency situations, power lines are usually down, and so it may be difficult for them to get the energy needed to power their electrical devices.
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Drag each label to the correct location on the table.
Sort the processes based on the type of energy transfer they involve.
Answers
The correct processes based on the type of energy transfer they involve can be linked as ;
condensation - thermal energy removedfreezing -thermal energy removeddeposition - thermal energy removedsublimation - thermal energy addedevaporation - thermal energy addedmelting - thermal energy addedWhat is energy transfer ?Conduction, radiation, and convection are the three different ways that thermal energy is transferred. Only fluids experience the cyclical process of convection.
The total amount of energy in the universe has never changed and will never change because it cannot be created or destroyed.
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a rod 16.0 cm long is uniformly charged and has a total charge of -23.0 µc. determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field along the axis of the rod at a point 42.0 cm from its center.
Answers
The magnitude of the electric field along the axis of the rod at a point 42.0 cm from its center is approximately 7.42 × 10^4 N/C directed away from the rod.
To determine the electric field at a point along the axis of a uniformly charged rod, we can use the equation for the electric field due to a charged rod:
E = (k * λ) / (2πε₀ * r),
where E is the electric field, k is Coulomb's constant (9 × 10^9 N m²/C²), λ is the linear charge density of the rod (charge per unit length), ε₀ is the permittivity of free space (8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N m²), and r is the distance from the center of the rod.
First, we need to calculate the linear charge density (λ) of the rod. Given that the total charge of the rod is -23.0 µC (microcoulombs) and the length of the rod is 16.0 cm, we can find λ:
λ = Q / L,
where Q is the total charge and L is the length of the rod. Converting the length to meters and the charge to coulombs, we have:
λ = (-23.0 × 10^-6 C) / (0.16 m).
Now, we can substitute the values into the electric field equation:
E = (9 × 10^9 N m²/C²) * [(-23.0 × 10^-6 C) / (2π * 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N m² * 0.42 m)].
Calculating this expression yields E ≈ 7.42 × 10^4 N/C. The negative sign indicates that the electric field is directed away from the rod, as the rod has a negative charge.
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Un ladrillo de 2kg que se encuentra a 200º c, se sumerge en 5 kg de agua a 32º¿a que temperatura se alcanza el equilibrio térmico?
Answers
Answer:
El equilibrio térmico se alcanzará a los 152ºC.
Explanation:
Dado que un ladrillo de 2kg que se encuentra a 200º c, se sumerge en 5 kg de agua a 32º, para determinar a qué temperatura se alcanza el equilibrio térmico se debe realizar el siguiente cálculo:
2+5 = 7
(200 x 5 + 32 x 2) / 7 = X
1064 / 7 = X
152 = X
Por lo tanto, el equilibrio térmico se alcanzará a los 152ºC.
Which statement describes the endothermic reaction by this graph?
Answers
Answer:
B
endothermic: heat taking in
exothermic: heat given out
Answer:
I thin that the answer is d because the energy goes high and then it goes down a bit
Explanation:
If a magnifying glass uses a convex lens of focus length 6.25 cm when it is held 5.20 cm in front of an object what is the image distanceMind your minus signs Unit cm
Answers
Answer:
30.95 cm
Explanation:
The focal length f, the object distance do, and the image distance di are related with the following equation:
\(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{d_0}+\frac{1}{d_i}\)So, replacing the values, we get:
\(\frac{1}{6.25}=\frac{1}{5.20}+\frac{1}{d_i}\)Then, solving for di, we get:
\(\begin{gathered} \frac{1}{6.25}-\frac{1}{5.2}=\frac{1}{d_i} \\ -\frac{21}{650}=\frac{1}{d_i}_{} \\ -\frac{650}{21}=d_i \\ -30.95\operatorname{cm}=d_i \end{gathered}\)Therefore, the image distance is 30.95 cm
A circular loop of wood is placed next to a long, straight wire. The resistivity of wood is about 1020 times greater than that of copper. The current I in the long, straight wire is increasing. Compared to the emf that would be induced if the loop were made of copper, the emf induced in the loop of wood is
Answers
The emf induced in the loop of wood, compared to if it were made of copper, will be significantly smaller due to the much higher resistivity of wood.
The emf induced in a loop of wire is given by Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which states that the emf (ε) is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. Mathematically, ε = -dΦ/dt, where dΦ represents the change in magnetic flux and dt represents the change in time.
In this scenario, the loop of wood is placed next to a long, straight wire carrying an increasing current. The changing current in the wire produces a changing magnetic field around it. This changing magnetic field will induce an emf in the loop of wood.
However, the resistivity of wood is about 10²⁰ times greater than that of copper. Resistivity is a measure of a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current. Higher resistivity means higher opposition to current flow. Therefore, the loop of wood will experience a much larger resistance compared to a loop made of copper.
According to Ohm's law, V = IR, where V is the voltage, I is the current, and R is the resistance. Since the resistance of the wood loop is much higher, the induced emf in the loop will be significantly smaller.
In conclusion, due to the much higher resistivity of wood compared to copper, the emf induced in the loop of wood will be much smaller than if the loop were made of copper.
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You give a shopping cart a shove down the aisle. The cart is full of groceries and has a mass of 30 kg. The cart accelerates at a rate of 2 m/s^2. How much force did you exert on the cart?
Answers
Answer:
Force = mass x acceleration
= 30 x 2 = 60 N
A 0.15 kg baseball flies rightward at 15m/s to hit a tennis ball flying at it from the opposite direction at 22m/s.
The baseball and the tennis ball have final speeds of
1.2m/s and 13m/s, respectively, both to the right.
What is the mass of the tennis ball?
Answers
Answer:0.060
Explanation:
The mass of the tennis ball is equal to 0.23 Kg.
What is law of conservation of linear momentum?According to the law of conservation of linear momentum, the sum of the momentum of the bodies which are collided with each other must be equal before and after the collision.
m₁ .u₁ + m₂.u₂ = m₁ .v₁ + m₂.v₂
where m₁ and m₂ is the masses, u₁ and u₂ are initial speed while v₁ & v₂ is their final speed of the collieded objects.
Linear momentum can be defined as the product of the mass times the velocity of that object.
Given, the initial velocity of the baseball is u₁ = 15 m/s
The initial velocity of the tennis ball u₂ = 22 m/s.
The mass of baseball, m₁ =0.15 Kg
From the law of conservation of momentum, find the mass of the tennis ball:
m₁ u₁ + m₂ u₂ = m₁.v₁ + m₂.v₂
0.15 × 15 + m ×22 = 0.15 × 1.2 + m × 13
2.25 + 22 m = 0.18 + 13 m
9 m = 2.25
m = 0.23 Kg
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Which of the following equations illustrates the law of conservation of
matter?
A. 2H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
OB. 2H₂ + 202 → 2H₂0
OC. H₂ + O2 → H₂O
D. 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
SUBMO
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Answer : D that’s the answer
Velocity is Group of answer choices Q/(M x P) and increases if dollars are exchanged less frequently. Q/(M x P) and increases if dollars are exchanged more frequently. (P x Q)/M and increases if dollars are exchanged less frequently. (P x Y)/M and increases if dollars are exchanged more frequently.
Answers
Correct option is D. (P x Y)/M and increases if dollars are exchanged more frequently.
The Quantity of theory of money states:
M * V = P * Y
Where,
M = Money supply
V = Velocity of money exchange
P = The price level
Y = Real GDP
- By re-arranging the formula and solving for "V" we have:
V = P × Y / M
- The expression on right hand side increases if exchange of dollars increases.
What is Quantity theory of money?Monetary economics is a branch of economics that studies various money theories. The quantity theory of money is one of the primary research areas for this branch of economics (QTM). According to the quantity theory of money, the general price level of goods and services in an economy is proportional to the money supply.
While this theory was first proposed by Polish mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus in 1517, it was popularized later by economists Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz following the 1963 publication of their book, "A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960."
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A person is standing on the edge of a merry-go-round that has a radius of 2.0m is travelling at 5m/s. How long does it take for them to complete one lap?
Answers
Answer:2.51 s
Explanation:
Given
The radius of merry-go-round r=2 m
Speed of person at edge v=5 m/s
The person is in a uniform circular motion with constant velocity
time taken to complete one lap is
\(t=\frac{\text{distance}}{\text{speed}}=\frac{2\pi \cdot 2}{5}\\\\t=\frac{12.568}{5}=2.5136\ s\)