a gas of indistinguishable classical non-interacting atoms is held in a neutral atom trap by a potential of the form v (r)
Answers
In a gas of indistinguishable classical non-interacting atoms held in a neutral atom trap, the potential energy is represented by the function v(r), where r is the distance from the center of the trap.
In a harmonic potential trap, the potential energy increases quadratically as the distance from the center of the trap increases. This means that atoms closer to the center experience lower potential energy, while those further away experience higher potential energy.
By adjusting the parameters of the potential energy function, such as the spring constant, the shape and depth of the trap can be controlled. A deeper potential well will confine the atoms more tightly,
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Related Questions
What is the maximum numbers of orbitals in the p sublevel
Answers
Answer:
3
Explanation:
hope the picture helps you to understand :)
Help please!
Read the scenario and decide whether the observations are qualitative and/or quantitative.
Danielle and Heather were in science class when they volunteered to fill the fish tank in the back of the room using a long hose connected to the sink. Mr. Ferris told them to fill the tank almost to the top and to be sure not to overflow the tank. The girls wanted to know how much water the tank could hold, so they recorded the length, width and height of the tank in centimeters. Next, they determined the total volume of the tank using the formula, length x width x height.
Answers
The observation, in this case, is quantitative.
Quantitative observationQuantitative observations are observations that can be recorded based on quantitative data. In other words, they are observations that can be assigned numerical values.
Quantitative observations are as opposed to qualitative observations because the former cannot be assigned numerical values. They can be ranked or qualified.
In this case, Danielle and Heather could assign numbers to the length, width, and height of the tank in order to calculate its volume.
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the oxidation of glucose by enzymes gives
Answers
Answer:
Carbondioxide, water and ATP
Explanation:
The reaction is called aerobic respiration because oxygen from the air is needed for it to work.
Select the correct answer.
How does adding oxygen (O2) to this reaction change the equilibrium?
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)
A.
The equilibrium shifts right to produce more SO3 molecules.
B.
The equilibrium shifts left to produce more O2 molecules.
C.
The equilibrium shifts right because of decreased collisions between SO2 and O2 molecules.
D.
The equilibrium shifts left with an increase in SO2 and O2 molecules.
E.
The equilibrium shifts left because of increased collisions between SO2 and O2 molecules.
Answers
Answer:
A. The equilibrium shifts right to produce more SO3 molecules.
Explanation:
In the following image, atoms are represented by colored circles. Different colors represent different types of atoms. If atoms are touching,
they are bonded.
Which of the following boxes shows only one type of element?
A. B
B. A
C. C
D. E
Answers
Answer: C
Explanation: Only one color (element) appears in C. The other options have at least 2 colors.
Cuantas moléculas de K² Cr ² 0⁷ hay en 0.5 dm³ de una solución de dicromoto de potasios de 30% en p/p y una densidad relativo de 1.15? (Coronel R., 2018)
Answers
Answer:
El número de moléculas de K₂Cr₂O₇ presentes en la solución es de aproximadamente 3,52058347 × 10²³ moléculas
Explanation:
Los parámetros dados de la solución de dicromato de potasio son;
El volumen de la solución, V = 0,5 dm³ = 0,0005 m³
El porcentaje en masa de dicromato de potasio en la solución = 30% p / p
La densidad relativa de la solución, RD = 1,15
Por lo tanto, la masa de dicromato de potasio en la solución, m = 30% de la masa de la solución.
El RD de la solución = (La densidad de la solución) / (La densidad del agua)
La densidad del agua = 997 kg / m³
Por lo tanto, tenemos;
RD = 1,15 = (La densidad de la solución) / (997 kg / m³)
La densidad de la solución, ρ = 1,15 × 997 kg / m³ = 1,146,55 kg / m³
La masa de la solución, m = ρ × V
∴ m = 1.146,55 kg / m³ × 0.0005 m³ = 0,573275 kg
La masa de dicromato de potasio en la solución, m₁ = 0.3 × m
∴ m₁ = 0.3 × 0.573275 kg = 0.1719825 kg = 171.9825 g
La masa de dicromato de potasio en la solución, m₁ = 171,9825 g
La masa molar del dicromato de potasio, K₂Cr₂O₇ = 294,185 g / mol
El número de moles de dicromato de potasio, K₂Cr₂O₇ en la solución, n = (Masa, m) / (Masa molar)
∴ n = 171,9825 g / (294,185 g / mol) = 0,584606625 moles
∴ El número de moléculas de K₂Cr₂O₇ presentes en la solución = n ×
Dónde;
= Número de Avogadro = 6.0221409 × 10²³ mol⁻¹
Por lo tanto, tenemos;
El número de moléculas de K₂Cr₂O₇ presentes en la solución = 0.584606625 moles × 6.0221409 × 10²³ mol⁻¹ = 3.52058347 × 10²³ moléculas
El número de moléculas de K₂Cr₂O₇ presentes en la solución ≈ 3.52058347 × 10²³ moléculas
which of the following opttions correctly describe the general mechanmism for electrophilic aromatic substition
Answers
The following opttions correctly describe the general mechanmism for electrophilic aromatic substition is A. an electrophile attacking the aromatic ring and forming a resonance-stabilized intermediate.
This intermediate then undergoes deprotonation to reform the aromatic ring. The electrophile is typically a positively charged species or a species that can be easily protonated to form a positively charged intermediate. The mechanism is classified as electrophilic because the electrophile is attracted to the electron-rich pi electrons of the aromatic ring. The first step of the mechanism involves the generation of the electrophile, which can be done through various methods such as nitration, halogenation, sulfonation, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation or acylation.
The electrophile then attacks the ring, forming a carbocation intermediate that is stabilized through resonance. The intermediate is then deprotonated by a base to reform the aromatic ring. The final product will have the electrophile attached to the ring in place of a hydrogen atom. Overall, the general mechanism for electrophilic aromatic substitution involves the generation of an electrophile, its attack on the aromatic ring, and the subsequent deprotonation to reform the aromatic ring. So therefore the correct answer is A. an electrophile attacking the aromatic ring and forming a resonance-stabilized intermediate.
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Identify the reasons why oxygen has a lower first ionization energy than both nitrogen and fluorine.
Answers
Oxygen has a lower first ionization energy than both nitrogen and fluorine because of higher electron to electron repulsion as compared to nitrogen and fluorine.
Why is the ionization energy of oxygen lower than fluorine and nitrogen?Fluorine is a more electronegative element as compared to oxygen. Due to the high electronegativity of the fluorine atom, the outermost electrons of the fluorine atom are more tightly held by the nucleus as compared to oxygen. So removing the outermost electron of the fluorine atom requires more energy than removing the outermost electron of the oxygen atom. In the nitrogen atoms, the three 2p electrons are present in different atomic orbitals. But in the case of an oxygen atom, two out of the four 2p electrons are present in the same atomic orbital which results in increased electron-to-electron repulsion in the oxygen. This is why oxygen has less ionization energy than a fluorine atom. Oxygen also has low ionization energy as compared to nitrogen. This is because an electron is added to half full orbital in an oxygen atom which results in electron-to-electron repulsion which will lower the ionization energy.
So we can conclude that due to electron to electron repulsion as compared to nitrogen and fluorine, oxygen has a lower first ionization energy than both nitrogen and fluorine.
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Can someone please help me with question 4&5
Answers
Answer:yes it 4
Explanation:
because u can divide
given that benzaldehyde is a meta- director, in the same marvin editor draw all three resonance structures for the carbocation intermediate that results from step 2 in the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction when benzaldehyde reacts with br2 in the presence of febr3. if you do not remember the structure of the benzene derivative, consult the l3 complete lecture notes slides
Answers
In the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction between benzaldehyde and Br2 in the presence of FeBr3, the first step involves the generation of a carbocation intermediate. This carbocation is formed when the bromine molecule attacks the benzene ring, displacing a proton.
Since benzaldehyde is a meta-director, the carbocation intermediate will be stabilized through resonance. The resonance structures can be represented as follows:
Structure 1:
Br
|
Ph-C(+)-H
|
Structure 2:
Br
|
Ph-C-H
| |
+ Ph
Structure 3:
Br
|
Ph-C-H
| |
Ph +
In these resonance structures, the positive charge of the carbocation is delocalized throughout the benzene ring. The presence of the electron-withdrawing aldehyde group (CHO) in benzaldehyde directs the incoming bromine atom to the meta position relative to the aldehyde group.
Please note that it's always recommended to consult reliable sources and appropriate references for accurate structural representations.
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The electron shell model of an atom has three main components the energy shell, the subshell, and the orbital. Arrange these components from the lowest to highest maximum capacity to hold electrons. The component that can hold the greatest number of electrons should be at the top.
Answers
The selection rules of quantum mechanics allow finding the result for the order of the atomic levels are:
number higher electrons -- lower number electrons
Principal > Orbital > Magnetic
n > l > \(m_l\)
The solution of the Schrodinger equation of quantum mechanics results in the energy of the in electrons in an atom that has spherical symmetry and has three constants that are related.
The constants are called quantum numbers and are: The main, the secondary or orbital and magnetic.
The principal quantum number (n) can have values from 0 to infinity
The orbital quantum number (l) can have a value from 0 to n -1, it is customary to write this number with letters
number symbol
0 s
1 p
2 d
3 f
The magnetic quantum number (\(m_l\) ) can have values from -l to l
Apart from this number there is a fourth quantum number called spin magnetic quantum number (\(m_s\)) and it can have only two values ½ and -½,
These numbers that are allowed in quantum mechanics are called select rules. We can see that in each main number (n) there can be several orbital numbers (l) and within each orbital number there can be several magnetic numbers and within each of them there is
The order of the levels from highest to lowest number of electrons are:
Spin. Lowest
Mmagnetic
Orbital
Principal Highest
In conclusion using the selection rules of quantum mechanics we can find the result for the order of the atomic levels are:
Number higher electrons -- Lower number electrons
Principal > Orbital > Magnetic
n > l > \(m_l\)
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The NFPA chemical hazard codes indicate all of the following EXCEPT:
Answers
The NFPA chemical hazard codes indicate the level of health, flammability, and instability hazards associated with a particular chemical. However, they do not indicate the specific chemical composition or properties of the substance.
The NFPA chemical hazard codes indicate all of the following:
1.The level of health hazard associated with a chemical
2.The level of flammability hazard associated with a chemical
3.The level of reactivity hazard associated with a chemical
4.The specific type of protective equipment needed when working with a chemical
The NFPA chemical hazard codes do not indicate the environmental impact of a chemical.
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Question 23 (4 points)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic for sexual reproduction? (4 points)
оа
Oь
Ос
Od
Uses a sperm and an egg cell
Having non-identical offspring
Having 1 parent
Reproducing slowly
Answers
In some instances, the concentration of a solution is expressed as molality instead of molarity because?
Answers
In some instances, the concentration of a solution is expressed as molality instead of molarity because molality is a more accurate measure of the concentration of a solution when the temperature changes.
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, whereas molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Because the volume of a solution can change with temperature due to thermal expansion, the concentration of a solution expressed in terms of molarity may change with temperature.
Therefore, molality is a more accurate measure of the concentration of a solution in situations where temperature changes can affect the volume of a solution.
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Which property of water makes it a good choice for use in heat exchangers? Choose the correct answer.
A)high entropy
B)low entropy
C)low specific heat
D)high specific heat
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is D)high specific heat
Explanation:
The specific heat indicates the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance in 1 unit of temperature. The specific heat of water is around 4.18 J/g.°C. That means that 1 gram of water is able to retain a high amount of heat (4.18 J) when the temperature is raised to 1°C. Compared with other substances, this specific heat capacity is higher. Thus, water is a good choice for use in a heat exchanger.
Determine if the following reaction is a redox reaction. Use evidence from the equation to explain your reasoning.
Answers
A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which one or more of the reacting species undergoes oxidation and one or more undergoes reduction. An oxidizing agent is an element or compound that oxidizes another substance, while a reducing agent is an element or compound that reduces another substance.
The following reaction is a redox reaction based on the following evidence: 2Al + 3FeO → Al2O3 + 3Fe2+ In this reaction, Fe is being reduced because the FeO is changing to Fe2+. Additionally, the Al is being oxidized because it is losing electrons and forming Al2O3. Therefore, the reaction is a redox reaction. Let us take a look at the oxidation state of the elements in the given equation. Oxidation state of Al: (2) for the reactant and (3+) for the product. Oxidation state of Fe: (2+) for the reactant and (2+) for the product. Oxidation state of O: (-2) for the reactant and (-2) for the product. We can tell that oxidation is happening because of the increase in the oxidation state of Al from 2 to 3+. We can tell that reduction is happening because of the decrease in the oxidation state of Fe from 2+ to 2. As a result, the given equation is a redox reaction.For such more question on oxidizes
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How does carbon go back into the atmosphere
Answers
Answer:
Carbon is released back into the atmosphere when organisms die, volcanoes erupt and even when fossils are buried
Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of particles in a solid, a liquid and a gas. What can be interpreted from the distance between the constituent particles.
Answers
solid(particles are appropriately packed) in solids there is no distance between the constituent particles
liquid(particles are closely packed).
gas(particles move freely) .
What kind of particle configurations can you find in solid, liquid, and gas?In a gas, the particles are evenly spaced out and not in any particular order. There is no regular arrangement of liquid next to one another. solids are regularly arranged and closely packed.
We can infer from the diagram that there is no space between the individual particles that make up solids. Without any intermolecular voids between the individual molecules, it is a completely packed structure.
In contrast, the particles in liquids are more closely packed than those in gaseous fluids, albeit they are more loosely packed than those in solids. We can now observe that there is a significant intermolecular gap between the constituent particles of gases. They are packed more flimsily than
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what rule/principle states that electrons fill orbitals from lowest energy to highest enegery?
Answers
Answer:
The Aufbau Principle
Explanation:
In the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy level before occupying higher-energy levels.
Answer:
Aufbau principle
Explanation:
edge 2021
There are __ ___________ that make up everything we know and love.
Answers
Answer:
There are 92 elements that make up everything we know and love.
Explanation:
Rank the following compounds in order of increasing acidity, putting the least acidic first. CH3COOH I FCH2COOH II CICH2COOH III BrCH2COOH IV I LE Iv LE III I LE III LE IV LE II ii LE III LE IV LE I II LE II LE III LE I
Answers
The compounds ranked in order of increasing acidity, from least acidic to most acidic,the correct ranking is:
II (FCH2COOH) < IV (BrCH2COOH) < I (CH3COOH) III (CICH2COOH)
II < IV < I < III
How to rank compounds by acidity?The compounds in order of increasing acidity, from least acidic to most acidic, are as follows:
II (FCH2COOH) < IV (BrCH2COOH) < I (CH3COOH) < III (CICH2COOH)
In compound II, the presence of a fluorine atom (F) reduces the acidity compared to the other compounds. In compound IV, the bromine atom (Br) is slightly more electron-withdrawing than hydrogen (H), making it slightly more acidic than compound II.
Compound I, acetic acid (CH3COOH), is a stronger acid due to the presence of the carboxyl group (-COOH). Compound III, chloroacetic acid (CICH2COOH), is the most acidic as the electronegative chlorine atom (Cl) increases the acidity further compared to the other compounds. Therefore, the correct ranking of increasing acidity is II < IV < I < III.
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The ranking of the compounds in increasing acidity is CH3COOH < ClCH2COOH < BrCH2COOH < FCH2COOH. This order is dictated by the electronegativity of the atoms bonded to the acidic hydrogen. The more electronegative the atom, the more acidic the compound.
Explanation:To rank the given compounds in order of increasing acidity, we primarily evaluate the atoms bonded to the acidic hydrogen. This is due to the fact that acidity is determined by how well a compound can donate a proton and how stable the resulting ion is after this donation. In these compounds, the acidic hydrogen is bonded to a carbon which is next to either fluorine (FCH2COOH), chlorine (ClCH2COOH), bromine (BrCH2COOH), or nothing extra (CH3COOH).
To predict the acidity, we must understand electronegativity: the ability of an atom to attract electrons. The halogens (F, Cl, Br) are highly electronegative, with fluorine being the most electronegative. A more electronegative atom draws electron density away from the hydrogen, stabilizing the resulting ion and making it easier for the compound to donate a proton.
Therefore, the order of increasing acidity, from least to most acidic, is: CH3COOH < ClCH2COOH < BrCH2COOH < FCH2COOH. This is because the carbon in CH3COOH is not directly bonded to a halogen, which makes it less acidic than the others. Among the halogens, Cl is less electronegative than Br, which is less electronegative than F, resulting in ClCH2COOH being less acidic than BrCH2COOH and FCH2COOH.
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how do flowering plants depend on other living things in order to reproduce?
Answers
Answer:
They depend on people to water them and make sure they are by a window for sunlight
Explanation:
plants cant do these things by themselves
Answer:
Most flowering plants depend on animals to make the vital pollen-gran delivery. The remaining rely on wind and sometimes splashing raindrops to ferry pollen, but this is a less precise method. pollinating animals do the job for a reward: food, usually in the form of nectar.
Explanation:
will give brainliest if you answer all of them
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
A. Graphite can conduct electricity because of the delocalised (free) electrons in its structure. These arise because each carbon atom is only bonded to 3 other carbon atoms. ... However, in diamond, all 4 outer electrons on each carbon atom are used in covalent bonding, so there are no delocalised electrons.
B. Diamond is hard because the carbon atoms in diamond are bonded in a stronger tetrahedron pattern but graphite is soft and slippery because the carbon atoms in graphite are bonded in layers with only weak vanderwall force holding the layers together.
Which of the following is a scientific question you could ask about shoes?
A. Are modern sandals similar to sandals from the 1960s?
B. What shoes will be popular next summer?
C. What is my favorite shoe color?
D. Are there any running shoes that help people run faster?
Answers
Answer:
D. Are there any running shoes that help people run faster?
Explanation:
because it's the question that more seems scientific.
i hope this helps
what property of water cause water to form a curved shape on the penny?
Answers
The property of water that causes it to form a curved shape on a penny is surface tension.
Surface tension is the cohesive force that exists between the water molecules at the surface of the liquid, causing them to stick together and form a "skin" or surface film. This property arises due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which creates a net inward force that reduces the surface area of the liquid, making it behave as if it has an elastic film stretched across it.
When a penny is placed on a flat surface and water droplets are added to it, the surface tension of the water causes it to form a nearly spherical shape on the penny. The cohesive forces of the water molecules pull the liquid into a shape with the least amount of surface area, which is a sphere, and the penny acts as a support that helps maintain the spherical shape of the water droplet. This surface tension phenomenon can be observed in various everyday situations, such as the formation of raindrops or the behavior of soap bubbles.
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What mass of water can be heated from 45°C to 70°C by the addition of 875 Joules?
Please I need this
Answers
Answer:
17000 joules.
Explanation:
Explanation:
With knowledge of the specific heat capacity of a substance, its mass, and the temperature change, we can convert this to the energy required for this temperature change using:
ΔH=mCΔT, where
ΔH=change in enthalpy (J)
m= mass of substance being heated (g) i.e. water in this question
C= specific heat capacity (J/g°C)
ΔT= change in temperature (°C)
We know mass=65g and ΔT=76°C−12°C=64°C
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J/g°C
Therefore, ΔH=65g⋅4.18Jg°C⋅64°C
=17388.8J
=17000J (2 significant figures)
Help please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answers
in cubic
A box that is 35 inches X 35 centimeters X 0.065 yards will have a volume of
centimeters.
Answers
Answer:
V = 18,493.5114 cm³
Explanation:
Dimensions are;
L = 35 inches
W = 35 cm
H = 0.065 yards
Now, volume is given by;
V = LWH
But our dimensions need to all be in the same unit, so let's convert to cm.
L = 35 inches = 35 × 2.54 cm = 88.9 cm
H = 0.065 yards = 0.065 × 91.44 = 5.9436 cm
Thus;
V = 88.9 × 35 × 5.9436
V = 18,493.5114 cm³
Are the effects of adding heat reversible
Answers
Answer:
yes they are
Explanation:
if you are heating up glass i believe not, unless you want to break the glass. Making glass go from high to low or low to high tempuatures quickly will cause it to break. How ever metal will be stronger as long as you dont bend it.
what's the function of potassium manganate (vii) crystal ?
Answers
The function of potassium manganate (vii) crystal is that of an oxidizing agent.
What does the potassium manganate (vii) crystal do?In chemistry, there are certain substances that we call the oxidizing agents. These are the kinds of substances that can be used to raise the oxidation number of the substrate by the gain of electrons.
In many reactions, we do use the potassium manganate (vii) crystal as a kind of oxidizing agent in a reaction and this is the case in many of the reactions that we encounter in our study of the subject of chemistry.
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