A messenger RNA from a human gene that is 4 kb in length is used as a probe in a Southern blot to identify restriction fragments of chromosomal DNA to which the mRNA can hybridize. Restriction fragments of DNA of 4 kb and 5 kb are observed to hybridize with the mRNA probe. What could explain how a 4 kb probe can hybridize with fragments that together sum to 9 kb? Select all that apply.
The restriction fragments may extend beyond the 5' or 3' ends of the transcription stop site.
A restriction fragment may extend beyond the 5' end of the transcription start site.
The result must be some sort of mistake.
The gene from which the mRNA probe is transcribed may contain introns.
The gene from which the mRNA probe is transcribed has only one exon.
Answers
The correct option that explains the hybridization of 4kb probe fragment beyond 5' and 3' ends of the transcription is that a restriction fragment may extend beyond the 5' end of the transcription start site.
In a Southern blot, a 4 kb messenger RNA from a human gene is utilised as a probe to locate restriction regions of chromosomal DNA to which the mRNA may hybridise. DNA restriction segments of 4 and 5 kb have been reported to hybridise with the mRNA probe. Option 1 explains how a 4 kb probe can hybridise with fragments totaling 9 kb, stating that the restriction fragments may extend beyond the 5' or 3' ends of the transcription stop site. The +1 site, or transcription site, is the location on the DNA from which the first RNA nucleotide is transcribed.
To know more about DNA, visit,
https://brainly.com/question/21265857
#SPJ4
Related Questions
Construct x such that a/x=x/b
Answers
Answer:
the x-axis drawn through (b−1,0). The intersection is at (b−1,ab).
Type your response in the box.
Cell theory states that all living things contain one or more cells. Why do you think cell theory meets the definition of
a scientific theory? Do you think it should be a scientific law? Explain your response.
Answers
Answer:
In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells
6. You've learned that the female reproductive system is a specialized group of organs that moves an egg from where it's produced to its final destination. Name the five main internal reproductive organs and
their functions in the order the egg travels.
Answers
The five main parts of reproductive organs are Ovary, fallopian tube and vagina.
What is Female reproductive system?The cervix, or lower portion of the uterus, is connected to the outside of the body via the muscular canal known as the vagina. During delivery, it can expand to fit the baby, then contract again to fit something little like a tampon.
The bottom of your uterus is where your cervix is located. Sperm can enter through a hole in the centre, and menstrual blood can depart. During a vaginal birth, your cervix opens (dilates) to let the baby come out.
Uterus, a hollow, pear-shaped organ, is responsible for carrying a fetus throughout pregnancy.
Therefore, The five main parts of reproductive organs are Ovary, fallopian tube and vagina.
To learn more about Reproductive system, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/14235396
#SPJ1
Given the original and mutated DNA strands below, identify the mutation.
ORIGINAL= A-T-T-C-G-G-A-A-C-T-G-A
MUTATED = A-T-T-C-G-G-G-A-A-C-T-G-A
Answers
Given the original and mutated DNA strands below, frameshift mutation is shown . Frameshift mutations are gene mutations that alter the base sequence of an entire genetic frame from the point of the mutation.
One or more nucleotides can be added or removed as part of this process. A DNA sequence that has been mutated contains one insertional and one substitution mutation that causes the reading frame of the base sequence to shift, or a frameshift mutation.
What is mutation?A change in the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's genome, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA is known as a mutation in biology. DNA or RNA are contained in viral genomes.
Learn more about Mutation:
brainly.com/question/17031191
#SPJ1
An electric lamp creates light by forcing electrons through the filament of its light bulb. The kinetic energy of the moving electrons comes directly from
A.
electric kinetic energy.
B.
chemical potential energy.
C.
electric potential energy.
D.
thermal kinetic energy.
Answers
Answer:
your answer is C
Explanation:
What is the difference in mechanism between protein entry into ER and integration of transmembrane proteins into ER membrane?
Answers
Protein entry into the ER lumen is facilitated by signal sequences present in the proteins whereas transmembrane protein integration into the ER membrane requires transmembrane domains.
Protein entry into the ER lumen (or insertion into the ER membrane) and integration of transmembrane proteins into the ER membrane differ in their mechanism. The following is a description of the differences between these two mechanisms.
Protein entry into the ER lumen is facilitated by signal sequences present in the proteins. Signal sequences, or signal peptides, are short stretches of amino acids located at the N-terminal end of proteins that are destined for the ER lumen or secreted outside the cell. Signal sequences interact with signal recognition particles (SRP), which then transport the protein to the ER membrane. Afterward, the SRP binds to the SRP receptor, and the protein is translocated into the ER lumen. The nascent protein is then translated, modified, and folded in the ER lumen.In contrast to protein entry into the ER lumen, transmembrane protein integration into the ER membrane requires transmembrane domains.
Transmembrane domains are composed of hydrophobic amino acids that cross the hydrophobic lipid bilayer of the membrane. Transmembrane proteins are inserted into the ER membrane through two mechanisms: The first mechanism is the signal anchor sequence, where a stop-transfer anchor sequence retains the protein in the membrane. The second mechanism is the signal peptide cleavage, where signal peptides in the protein cleave after they enter the ER lumen, and the transmembrane domain remains in the membrane. The protein is then translated and folded in the membrane.
For more such questions on Protein entry, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/19551481
#SPJ8
Arrange the events of the earliest stellar formation in sequential order.
Hydrogen atoms shed their electrons and fuse together to form larger helium atoms.
Pockets of elements in higher concentrations begin experiencing greater gravitational force.
The big bang occurs.
Hydrogen and helium disperse into the universe in uneven concentrations.
The temperature of gas clouds surpasses 14 million Kelvin.
The gas clouds begin reducing in volume, which leads to increases in density, pressure, and temperature.
Answers
The events of the earliest stellar formation in sequential order are as listed below:
"The big bang occurs.""Pockets of elements in higher concentrations begin experiencing greater gravitational force.""Hydrogen atoms shed their electrons and fuse together to form larger helium atoms.""Hydrogen and helium disperse into the universe in uneven concentrations.""The gas clouds begin reducing in volume, which leads to increases in density, pressure, and temperature."The temperature of gas clouds surpasses 14 million Kelvin.What is the stellar formation?The stellar formation can be defined as a process through which dense regions within molecular clouds of gas and dust in interstellar space collapse due to gravity and form stars.
What is a star?A star can be defined as a giant astronomical object that contains a luminous sphere of plasma and two (2) main hot gases (hydrogen and helium), and it is bounded together by its own gravitational force (gravity).
In conclusion, the earliest event of the stellar formation is that the big bang occurs while the final event is an increase in temperature of gas clouds, which generally surpasses 14 million Kelvin (14,000,000 K).
Read more on stellar formation here: https://brainly.com/question/14757107
#SPJ1
Consider the three most common types of skin cancer. Then, click and drag each label into the appropriate category.
Arises from keratinocytes in the deepest layer of the epidermis
Raised, reddened, scaly appearance
If metastasized, the deadliest skin cancer
Seldom spreads to other tissues
Arises from superficial cells of the epidermis
Caused by mutations commonly found in moles
Most common type
Can spread from the keratinocytes to the ph nodes
Arises from the cells that protect from UV light
Least common type
Answers
The labels for each type of skin cancer are;
Basal Cell Carcinoma:
Most common typeSeldom spreads to other tissuesArises from the deepest layer of the epidermisMelanoma:
If metastasized, the deadliest skin cancerArises from the cells that protect from UV lightLeast common typeCaused by mutations commonly found in molesSquamous Cell Carcinoma:
Arises form superficial cells of the epidermisRaised, reddened, scaly appearanceCan spread from the keratinocytes to the lymph nodesWhat is skin cancer?Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin cells often occurring after long exposure to the sun. Basal cell carcinoma is a most common type that rarely spreads to other tissues and comes from the epidermis.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and melanoma are other types of skin cancers and melanoma is the deadliest of them.
Find out more on skin cancer here: https://brainly.com/question/25033946
#SPJ1
what is the main function of decomposers in a food web?
Answers
Products of the breakdown of an original pesticide or herbicide are called __________.
A)
silt
B)
degradates
C)
soil peds
D)
cations
E)
aggregates
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
degradates
You can either purchase insurance with a premium of $400 and a co-pay of $50 or purchase insurance with a premium of $450 and no co-pay. Is there a difference between these policies? Explain.
a) Yes, because the first policy requires a flat payment of $50 any time services are received, but you would have to pay $50 less of your own money to the service provided before the insurance company will begin to pay for the service.
b) No, because "premium" is a needless term used by insurance companies to make their co-pays look smaller. The full co-pay is effectively $450.
c) No, because "co-pay" is a needless term used by insurance companies to make their premiums look smaller. The full premium is effectively $450.
d) Yes, because the first policy requires you to pay $50 less per month but would require a payment of $50 any time services are received.
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Answer:
d) Yes, because the first policy requires you to pay $50 less per month but would require a payment of $50 any time services are received.
What traits would the parents of brown-eyed and blue-eyed children have to have
Answers
4. The ATP yield from 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH under aerobic conditions in a eukaryotic cell would be: which option is correct a) 1 mole of ATP b) 2 moles of ATP c) 3 moles of ATP d) 4 moles of ATP e) 6 moles of ATP
Answers
The ATP yield from 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH under aerobic conditions in a eukaryotic cell is approximately 4 moles of ATP.
During oxidative phosphorylation, each mole of NADH can generate around 2.5 to 3 moles of ATP. Therefore, for 2 moles of NADH, the total ATP production would be in the range of 4 to 6 moles of ATP. While the more precise estimate falls within the 4 to 6 moles range, the closest option provided is 4 moles of ATP. It is important to note that the exact ATP yield can vary depending on factors such as the efficiency of the electron transport chain and the specific conditions within the cell.Since there are 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH, the total ATP yield would be around 4 to 6 moles of ATP. However, the most accurate option among the given choices is 4 moles of ATP.
For more questions on ATP yield:
https://brainly.com/question/15543060
#SPJ8
2
Organism A
Offspring 1
Offspring 2
The diagram below represents a form of cellular reproduction
Fi
As a result of this process, offspring 1 and offspring 2 will have *
(2 Points)
Answers
Answer: A
Explanation:
they will have different traits because they will each have different dna but the same amount of genes
Offspring 1 and offspring two will have the same number of genes but different traits. So, the correct option is A.
How the same number of genes?When a sperm fertilizes an egg cell, each parent contributes 23 chromosomes with genetic information to the offspring. This means that each cell of the offspring's body has 23 chromosomes that contain instructions for their development, including their traits.What are the different traits?Parents pass on traits, such as eye color and blood type, to their offspring through their genes. Some health conditions and diseases can be passed on. Sometimes, one characteristic has many different forms. For example, blood type can be A, B, AB, or O.Eye color is based on the amount of pigment melanin in the iris. Every gene has an allele from its parents, so many variations are possible. Because of this, even if parents have blue eyes, offspring can have brown or green eyes, or one offspring can have blue, and others can have different eye colors from their family.Thus, we can conclude that two offspring will have the same genes but different alleles.
You can learn more about traits here:
https://brainly.com/question/26434916
#SPJ2
How is a child who understands some English but not concepts such as knowing whether the number six or eight is higher referred to?
Dual Language Learner (DLL)
Limited English Proficient (LEP)
Basic English Vocabulary (BEV)
English as a Second Language (ESL)
Answers
Answer:
Limited English Proficient (LEP)
Explanation:
Dual Language Learners are children who acquire two or more languages simultaneously and learn a second language while continuing to develop their first language.
A Limited English Proficient is one who does not speak English as their primary language and who have a limited ability to read, speak, write, or understand English.
English as a Second Language describes a non-native speaker of the English language.
An amino acid's unique characteristics is defined by the ________.
Answers
can somebody do 4 and 5 for me
Answers
Answer:
4. According to what is observed in the diagram, the maltose (substrate) binds to the maltase (enzyme) to obtain glucose molecules (product), in a process of hydrolysis of the maltose.
5. Three factors that can affect intestinal maltose activity - slowing it down or stopping it - are temperature, pH and substrate depletion.
Explanation:
4. Enzymes, such as maltase, have the function of making a reaction faster and decreasing the activation energy. Maltase is responsible for breaking down a maltose molecule, a dimer, into two glucose monomers, which is a hydrolysis reaction of the bonds that hold glucose molecules together.
5. There are several factors that can cause the decrease or cessation of the activity of an enzyme. Enzymes are activated when substrate is available and work best under ideal temperature and pH conditions. When there are alterations of these factors, the enzyme will reduce or stop the reaction in which it intervenes.
pH: when the pH increases or decreases it produces a decrease in the speed of reaction that catalyzes an enzyme. Very high or low pH levels can denature the enzyme and make the expected reaction not occur. Temperature: like pH, changes in temperature can slow or stop maltase activity..Substrate availability: It is a fact that when the specific substrate of an enzyme becomes depleted, the rate of reaction slows down, stopping when no substrate is available.challenges associated with lentic environments
Answers
Answer:
Pollution.
It become reservoir for waste deposition.
Habitat of bacteria growth.
Organisms in them die due to lack of food resources.
It's lead to algal bloom.
Explanation:
Lentic environment is a stationary or still water, i.e water that doesn't flow but it is stationary at one place. Examples are ponds, ditches, reservoirs, lakes , pool, seep.
The major challenges of lentic environment are;
It become reservoir for waste deposition.
Habitat of bacteria growth.
Organisms in them die due to lack of food resources.
It's lead to algal bloom.
Need this asp
Nucleotides contain sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Which of the following is a nitrogen base? (1 point)
A. ribose
B. tyrosine
C. deoxyribose
D. guanine
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Guanine is a nitrogen base
During the light reactions, ATP is produced by chemiosmosis through an electron transport chain, true or false?
Answers
The given statement "During the light reactions, ATP is produced by chemiosmosis through an electron transport chain" is true.
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP through a process called chemiosmosis. In this process, an electron transport chain (ETC) is established across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. As electrons pass through the ETC, protons are pumped from the stroma into the thylakoid space, creating a proton gradient.
This process is essential for the production of ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell, and is used in a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, DNA replication, and protein synthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis are a crucial step in the process of photosynthesis and provide the energy needed for the Calvin cycle, which converts CO2 into organic compounds.
Therefore, the given statement is true.
To learn more about chemiosmosis here
https://brainly.com/question/14127969
#SPJ1
Which of the following occur in a maple tree growing in a temperate climate in response to increasing cold weather? Choose three correct answers.
Answers
The three correct answers are:
B. The chlorophyll in the leaves break down, revealing yellow and red pigments that had been masked by the green pigments. This process leads to the beautiful fall foliage colors observed in maple trees. As the weather gets colder, the breakdown of chlorophyll exposes the underlying pigments, creating vibrant red, orange, and yellow leaves.
C. Xylem and phloem fill with ions and organic substances that prevent freezing. In response to increasing cold weather, the tree transports ions and organic compounds into the xylem and phloem. These substances act as antifreeze agents, preventing the freezing of sap and ensuring the circulation of nutrients and water within the tree.
D. Meristems form thick scales to protect next year's buds from cold winter temperatures. The meristems, which are the regions of the tree where new growth occurs, undergo changes in response to the approaching cold weather. They form protective scales around next year's buds to shield them from the harsh winter conditions, ensuring their survival and future growth.
Learn more about temperate climate, here:
https://brainly.com/question/12234662
#SPJ1
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was:
Which of the following occur in a maple tree growing in a temperate climate in response to increasing cold weather? Choose three correct
answers.
A. Auxin production stimulate one final growth spurt before winter arrives,
B. The chlorophyll in the leaves break down, revealing yellow and red pigments that had been masked by the green pigments.
C. Xylem and phloem fill with ions and organic substances that prevent freezing.
D. Meristems form thick scales to protect next year's buds from cold winter temperatures,
Question 1 Negative Forcings: increase the amount of sea ice at the north pole for instance. O increase the growing season. increases the amount of energy in the Earth's budget. decrease the amount of energy in Earth's energy budget.
Answers
Answer:
increases the amount of energy in the Earth's budget.
Explanation:
Increase occurs in the amount of sea ice at the north pole leads to increases the amount of energy in the Earth's budget because this sea ice reflects the solar radiation back to space. Sea ice has a bright surface which causes 80 percent of the solar radiation reflected back into space. As sea ice melts in the summer, it exposes the dark ocean surface which leads the ocean to absorbs 90 percent of the sunlight which heat up the oceans, and increase in the temperature occurs causes more melting of ice so increasing sea ice is good for the earth.
Consider a duplex molecule of length 10 Mb that has only one origin of replication located exactly in the middle. If replication proceeds bidirectionally, assuming that the rate of DNA synthesis is 1500 nucleotide pairs per second, the time needed for replication of this molecule is _____ minutes.
Answers
Answer:
Approximately 28 minutes.
Explanation:
Given:
Length of a duplex molecule of DNA = 10 mb
= 10 * 10^6 bases
So, it means each DNA has = 5 * 10^6 base pair
rate of DNA synthesis = 1500 nucleotide pairs per sec.
location of replication = at the middle which is 5 * 10^6/2
= At 2.5 * 10^6
solution:
As we know replication of DNA is a bidirectional process so it will synthesize in both directions and the rate is given is 1500 nucleotide per sec so the time required to replicate 2.5 * 10^6 in both directions will be from the formula
time = distane/rate
= 2.5 * 10^6/1500
= 1666.66 seconds
or, 28 minutes aprrox (27.77)
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between
feedback mechanisms and homeostasis?
A. Feedback mechanisms are the organism's response to changing
conditions. They keep working until internal conditions return to
normal.
B. Feedback mechanisms counteract homeostasis.
C. Feedback mechanisms have no relationship to homeostasis.
D. A feedback mechanism is initiated when conditions are stable for
too long. They work until the organism wakes up and begins to
move around.
Answers
The correct answer is A. Feedback mechanisms and homeostasis are closely related in that feedback mechanisms help to maintain homeostasis in living organisms. (option-a)
Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes. Feedback mechanisms are the physiological responses of an organism to maintain this stability. For example, if the body temperature drops, the feedback mechanism in the body responds by shivering to generate heat and maintain the internal temperature. Similarly, if the body temperature rises, the feedback mechanism in the body responds by sweating to cool down and maintain the internal temperature. In both cases, the feedback mechanism works until the internal conditions return to normal, thereby maintaining homeostasis. Therefore, feedback mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis in living organisms.(option-a)
For such more questions on homeostasis
https://brainly.com/question/12296880
#SPJ11
The results in the table above show the percentage change in mass of the potato cylinders.
explain why the percentage change results are positive and negative.
Answers
The percentage change in the mass of the potato cylinders is both positive and negative because the concentrations of the sugar solutions differ.
OsmosisIn biology, osmosis refers to the movement of water molecules from regions of low solute concentrations or high water potentials to regions of high solute concentration or low water potential through a semi-permeable membrane.
Solutions with high solute concentrations as compared to the sap of cells are said to be hypertonic to the cells. The cells, will, therefore, lose water to hypertonic solutions.
Solutions with the same solute concentrations as cells are said to be isotonic to the cells. There is no net movement of water between such solutions and the cells.
Solutions with lower solute concentrations as compared to cells are said to be hypotonic to the cells. Such solutions lose water to the sap of the cells.
This is exactly what happened in the case of the solutions and the potato cylinders. Hypertonic sugar solutions will cause the potato cylinders to lose water and weigh less than their initial weights. This will return a negative percentage change in weight.
Hypotonic solutions, on the other hand, will cause the potato cylinders to gain water and weight more than their initial weights. This will return a positive percentage change in weight.
More on osmosis can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/21395644
#SPJ1
Hi can someone please help me with these questions im struggling with them!!!
Answers
The alternation of generations life cycle of mosses involves the production of gametes by the gametophyte, fertilization to form a zygote, growth of the zygote into the sporophyte phase, production of spores by the sporophyte, and growth of the spores into new gametophytes.
What is an alternation of generations in plants?An alternation of generations in plants is a process whereby a plant alternates between two distinct phases: the gametophyte phase and the sporophyte phase.
The gametophyte phase is the dominant phase in the life cycle of mosses. It is the phase in which the plant produces gametes, which are sex cells that fuse to form a zygote,
The sporophyte phase grows out of the gametophyte and is dependent on it for nutrients. It consists of a stalk and a capsule, which contains spores.
Learn more about an alternation of generations at: https://brainly.com/question/3147844
#SPJ1
Which of the following cellular components would be most sensitive to phospholipases?
The lipid bilayer
Cholesterol
Microfilaments
Answers
Answer:
cholesterol
Explanation:
it enhances Chlorophile in plants thus also deals in rate of photosynthesis
Is this equation balanced or unbalance? 2NaOH + H2SO4= Na2SO4+ H2SO4
Answers
Answer:
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O is the balanced equation so 2NaOH + H2SO4= Na2SO4+ H2SO4 is not a balanced one
Oxygen molecules are sixteen times as massive as hydrogen molecules.
At the same temperature, which type of molecule would you expect to move faster?
Answers
Answer: hydrogen molecules.
Explanation: in same temperature molecules have same average kinetic energy.
You can estimate it solving E = 3/2 kT = 1/2 mv². Constant k is Boltzmann constant.
Lighter molecule has greater speed
Place a checkmark next to each cellular component necessary to build a plant cell?
plasma membrane
cell wall
DNA
nucleus
mitochondria
chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endplasmic reticulum
flagella
Answers
The cellular component necessary to build a plant cell are marked below. All the components are specified below.
What are cell organelles?Cell organelles are the cellular constituents. These cell organelles, which are found in the cells and differ in their forms and activities, comprise both membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound organelles.
For the cell to operate normally, they coordinate and work effectively. The components of plant cells are:
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
DNA
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The plant cell has a variety of organelles that are necessary to build them. Hence, they are specified above and flagella are not present in plant cells.
Learn more about cell organelles, here:
https://brainly.com/question/2787889
#SPJ9