Bacteria enter the bone through blood vessels. In the initial stage, bacteria enter the metaphysis by small capillaries, and the inflammatory process begins. The presence of bacteria alerts the body's immunological defense system to react, resulting in an inflammatory reaction.
Bacteria can be found there in addition to soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of the Earth's crust. Bacteria are involved in several phases of the nutrition cycle by recycling nutrients from the atmosphere, such as nitrogen. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of deceased bodies; bacteria are in charge of the putrefaction stage of this process. In the biological communities that surround hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremeophile bacteria use methane and hydrogen sulphide as fuel sources. Additionally, bacteria live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with both plants and animals. The bulk of bacteria species still lack thorough characterisation of all of their characteristics, and many diverse bacterial species cannot be grown in a lab.
The complete question is:
A nursing student is preparing to conduct a clinical conference regarding osteomyelitis. Which event triggering the inflammatory process should be included in the discussion?
Pus accumulates under the periosteum.
Bacteria enter the bone through blood vessels.
Pus moves from the metaphyseal area into a joint.
Pus accumulates and moves toward the medullary canal.
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attach to sclera allowing precise and rapid movement of the eyeball
Answer:
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
Explanation:
This is a group of 7 striated (fibrous, banded) muscles that connect to the sclera (see below) to control the movement of the eyes with rapid precision. :)
my country's "Washington Post" published an article on May 11 stating that among developed countries, my country's gun violence problem is extremely serious, and more than 120 Chinese people are killed by guns every day. If no measures are taken to control it, the death cycle will continue. staged.
It is not halfway through 2023, but more than 15,000 Chinese have lost their lives due to gun violence. On average, more than 200 people are injured in shooting incidents every day, and 120 people are killed by guns, and 11 of these 120 people are children and teenagers. Today, gun shooting is the number one cause of death among children in our country.
Some of the things that can be done to reduce gun violence are:
Stricter gun control laws. Invest in mental health servicesAddress root causesWhat precautions can be taken?Enact stricter gun control laws: This could include measures such as universal background checks, bans on assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, and red flag laws.
Invest in mental health services: This could help to identify and treat people who are at risk of committing gun violence.
Address the root causes of gun violence, such as poverty, inequality, and lack of opportunity. This could involve investing in education, job training, and social programs.
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What limits how much glucose can be taken out of the filtrate
Answer:
Under normal circumstances, up to 180 g/day of glucose is filtered by the renal glomerulus and virtually all of it is subsequently reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. This reabsorption is effected by two sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) proteins.
Answer:
It corresponds to a plasma glucose level of about 200mg/dL.
Explanation:
Which of the following attempts to decrease teen drug use appears to INCREASE use?
A: antismoking ad campaigns designed to appeal to the young
B: policies that limit access to teens
C: parents setting limits on drug/alcohol use
D: a clean-cut young person advising viewers to think before they smoke
A: antismoking ad campaigns designed to appeal to the young appears to increase teen drug use rather than decrease it.
Drug use among teenagers is a significant public health concern, and efforts to decrease teen drug use are an important priority for parents, educators, and policymakers. However, some approaches to drug prevention may be counterproductive, and it is important to understand which strategies are effective and which may actually increase drug use among teens. Among the options provided, antismoking ad campaigns designed to appeal to the young have been shown to actually increase teen drug use, rather than decrease it. This is because these campaigns may inadvertently trigger a psychological response known as "reactance," where individuals may respond to messages that they perceive as threatening to their sense of freedom or autonomy by engaging in the behavior being discouraged. In other words, if teens perceive the ad campaign as a threat to their independence or autonomy, they may respond by increasing their smoking or drug use as a way of asserting their freedom.
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Has been identified as a disease that significantly contributes to undernutrition in developing nations because it reduces worker productivity and costs so much to treat
AIDS has been identified as a disease that significantly contributes to undernutrition in developing nations because it reduces worker productivity and costs so much to treat.
AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease which is caused due to HIV virus, that enters the blood and interferes in the functioning of the immune system. In this disease, the body becomes weak and prone to infections and since there is no possible cure for this disease, hence it is considered as one of the most harmful disease which deteriorates the life of the individual.
HIV can be spread through contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids, sexual intercourse etc. A person suffering from AIDS might not be able to function well if proper mental support is not provided to them. Hence it reduces the worker productivity of the individual.
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Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can’t, instead he can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.
active
inactive
proactive
retroactive
Answer:
Inactive
Explanation:
he was not active in spanish
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY TW& PPE WITH 5 EXAMPLES?
According to workplace safety, TW typically stands for "tools and workwear," and PPE stands for "personal protective equipment."
What more should you know about TW& PPE in terms of workplace safety?In the context of workplace safety, TW typically stands for "tools and workwear," and PPE stands for "personal protective equipment."
Tools and workwear (TW): These are essentially the equipment and attire that workers use to carry out their jobs safely and efficiently.
Personal protective equipment (PPE): This term is often used to refer to protective gear that an individual wears to prevent injury or illness.
TW (Tools and Workwear):
Safety Helmets: Worn to protect the head from injuries due to falling objects and impact with other objects.
Safety Shoes: Provide protection against heavy falling objects, sharp objects, molten metal, slippery surfaces, and more.
High Visibility Clothing: Used in low light or poor visibility environments to ensure the worker is seen.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment):
Safety Glasses: Protect the eyes from flying debris, dust, chemical splashes, and intense light.
Hearing Protection: Includes earplugs and earmuffs that protect the ears from loud noises.
Respirators: Protect the lungs from inhaling harmful substances.
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1. At autopsy of a corpse of the elderly man who died from hemorrhage in the brain, the prominent changes of internal surface of aorta and it’s large branches are found. The aorta intima is rough with yellow streaks and plaques which narrow the vessel. Plaques contain gleam fatty-yellow porridge-like material. 1. What process developed in aorta and arteries? 2. What substance accumulated in the intima of vessels? 3. What dye should be used for the establishment of the biochemical nature of this substance? 4. What is the stage of the aorta pathology? 5. Name possible complications of the aorta changes.
Answer:
sorry I couldn't help you I wish I could have
What is the complementary strand of dna that is made during dna replication if the template/parent strand of dna reads atg ggc?.
TAC CCG GTA is the complementary strand of DNA that is made during DNA replication if the template/parent strand of DNA reads ATG GGC.
DNA replication is a type of biological process in which one original DNA molecule splits into two identical replicas. Before a cell divides, this procedure creates a copy of the DNA within the cell.
Both of the two chains combine to form a double helix of DNA when it comes to the complimentary strand, and equivalent places on the two chains are made up of a pair of complementary bases.
Adenine A, for instance, should be complementarily bonded to thymine and vice versa if it is present in the paternal DNA. Similarly to this, if cytosine is found in the paternal strand of DNA, guanine and vice versa should complementarily bind to it.
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what is cardiac index
Answer: Cardiac index (CI) is a haemodynamic parameter that relates the cardiac output (CO) from left ventricle in one minute to body surface area (BSA),thus relating heart performance to the size of the individual. The unit of measurement is litres per minute per square metre (L/min/m2).
Explanation: Cardiac index: A cardiodynamic measure based on the cardiac output, which is the amount of blood the left ventricle ejects into the systemic circulation in one minute, measured in liters per minute (l/min).
Cardiac output is indexed to a patient's body size by dividing by the body surface area to yield the cardiac index.
The index is usually calculated using the following formula
Which statements demonstrate a breach of patient confidentiality? Select all that apply.
A nursing assistant speaks with a patient about dietary requirements.
A nurse speaks with a friend about a patient's medical condition.
A physician tells her nurse husband about a patient's diagnosis over dinner.
Anursing assistant gives out patient information without the patient's consent.
A nursing assistant tells the nurse in charge about a complaint that a patient has about his medication,
Intro
Done
A nurse speaks with a friend about a patient's medical condition.
A physician tells her nurse husband about a patient's diagnosis over dinner.
Anursing assistant gives out patient information without the patient's consent.
Explanation:
MED 125-MEDICINE TEST 2
Clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis include all the following,
Marked weight loss and malaise.
O Coughing for at least ten (10) days.
O Dullness at the base of the neck
O Presence of acid fast bacilli.
Back
Next
TB is contracted by someone coughing, sneezing.obviously, spread thru exposure thru, grouping ppl, with the same disease.. used old med. philcilities, 2 treat TB in late 20's & 30's..main reason how TB spread...
Given a 20% w/v solution of chlorhexidine gluconate, what volume is required to make 400 mL of a 2% w/v solution?
Answer:
Explanation:
A 2% w/v solution contains 2 g in 100 mL, or 8 g in 400 mL.
a 87 year- old caucasian woman is seen in the office with the sudden onset of severe back pain in the mid dorsal region, occurring after she lifted her dog to give it a bath. her previous health has been good, though she had a mastectomy for carcinoma 14 years previously and she has a chronic cough, which has lately been worse. she smokes over a pack a day and has for more than 30 years. examination reveals a thin woman with prominent dorsal kyphosis. she is very tender to dorsal spine percussion and splints the back markedly, preventing most motion. what diagnosis seems most likely?
The diagnosis seems most likely to be osteoporotic fracture of the thoracic spine.
What is thoracic spine?
The upper and middle region of the back is where the thoracic spine is found. The thoracic spine contains twelve vertebrae, labelled T-1 through T-12. T-1 through T-5 nerves affect muscles in the upper chest, mid-back, and abdominal muscles. Each number on the spinal column corresponds to the nerves that run through that region of the spinal cord.
What is osteoporotic fracture?Osteoporotic fractures, also known as fragility fractures or low-trauma fractures, are those brought on by falls of at least one metre from the ground and without significant trauma, such as a car collision. The spine is where osteoporosis-related fractures most frequently happen. In the United States, there are an estimated 1.5 million vertebral compression fractures, often known as spinal fractures. They occur roughly two times as frequently as other fractures, like shattered hips and wrists, that are typically associated with osteoporosis.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that the diagnosis seems most likely to be osteoporotic fracture of the thoracic spine.
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51 old patient went to ER with sever bleeding, drowsiness, fatigue, please describe you nursing care plan for the patients
In a recent case control study on hypertension and the use of Oral Contraceptives (OC) in Queens, NY, a total of 2,700 women were diagnosed with hypertension and 1,200 did not have a history of OC. Of the 700 women without hypertension, 300 did not have a history of OC. What is the odds ratio for the association between OC use and hypertension
Answer:
≈ 0.94
Explanation:
Number of women diagnosed with Hypertension = 2700
Number without history of OC = 1200
women with history of OC = 2700 - 1200 = 1500
300 out of 700 of women without hypertension do not have history of OC
400 out of 700 of women without hypertension have history of OC
Determine the odds ratio between OC use and hypertension
Hence :
The odds ratio = ( 1500 / 1200 ) / ( 400/300 )
= 1.25 / 1.333 = 0.9377 ≈ 0.94
why is the assessment of psychiatric illness particularly difficult in geriatric patients?
The assessment of psychiatric illness in geriatric patients requires a comprehensive and integrated approach that takes into account the unique medical, cognitive, social, and cultural factors.
That can affect the presentation and management of psychiatric illness in this population. Comorbidity: Geriatric patients often have multiple medical problems that can complicate the diagnosis and management of psychiatric illness.
Cognitive impairment: Many geriatric patients have cognitive impairment that can make it challenging to obtain a reliable history or complete an accurate mental status exam.
Medications: Geriatric patients often take multiple medications, which can lead to drug interactions and adverse effects that mimic psychiatric illness.
Social and cultural factors: Social and cultural factors can play a significant role in the presentation and management of psychiatric illness in geriatric patients. For example, stigma associated with mental illness, a lack of social support, or difficulty accessing mental health care services.
Atypical presentation: Geriatric patients may present with atypical symptoms of psychiatric illness, such as somatic complaints, confusion, or delirium, which can make the diagnosis more challenging.
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We can make a simple model of the human vocal tract as an open-closed tube extending from the opening of the mouth to the diaphragm. True or false?.
Explanation:
True, we can make the opening of the mouth to the diaphragm.
What are the differences between Exogenous, Systemic, and Health Care-Associated infections?
Exogenous infections are caused by pathogens acquired from the external environment, while systemic infections spread throughout the entire body. Healthcare-associated infections are acquired in medical settings, such as hospitals, due to exposure to pathogens during treatment or procedures.
Exogenous, systemic, and healthcare-associated infections are distinct categories based on different factors and contexts.
Exogenous infections: Exogenous infections originate from external sources. They are caused by pathogens that enter the body from the environment or other individuals.
Common examples include respiratory infections transmitted through the air, foodborne illnesses, or infections acquired through contact with contaminated surfaces. Exogenous infections typically occur when the immune system fails to prevent the entry or proliferation of pathogens.
Systemic infections: Systemic infections are characterized by the spread of pathogens throughout the body via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. These infections can affect multiple organs and tissues, leading to severe illness.
Examples include sepsis, where bacteria or fungi cause a systemic inflammatory response, and viral infections like HIV or influenza that can disseminate widely. Systemic infections often pose a greater risk to overall health and can result in life-threatening complications.
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs): HAIs occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals, clinics, or long-term care facilities. These infections are specifically linked to receiving medical care and can be caused by healthcare procedures, contaminated equipment, or exposure to healthcare personnel or other patients with infectious agents.
HAIs can include surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia contracted during hospital stays. Preventing HAIs is a critical focus in healthcare to minimize patient risk and ensure safety.
In summary, exogenous infections originate from external sources, systemic infections spread throughout the body, and healthcare-associated infections occur in healthcare settings as a result of medical care. Understanding these distinctions helps in identifying the sources, routes of transmission, and appropriate prevention strategies for each type of infection.
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The EMT, after administering any medication, must do which of the following?
A) Reconsider the five rights, reassess the patient, and contact medical control.
B) Document the administration, reassess the patient, and report to the receiving facility.
C) Wait 5 minutes, repeat the medication if needed, and reassess the patient's vitals.
D) Document the route, dose, and time; reassess the patient; and re-administer the medication.
Option B. After administering any medication, the EMT must document the administration, reassess the patient, and report to the receiving facility. This ensures proper follow-up and patient monitoring.
Once an EMT administers medication, it is crucial to document this action accurately. Documentation should include details such as the route of administration, dosage administered, and the time of administration. This information is essential for maintaining a comprehensive patient record and ensuring continuity of care.
After documenting the medication, the EMT should reassess the patient. Reassessment involves evaluating the patient's response to the medication, monitoring vital signs, and observing for any adverse reactions or changes in condition. This step allows the EMT to determine the effectiveness of the medication and make any necessary adjustments to the patient's treatment plan.
Finally, the EMT should report the medication administration and the patient's response to the receiving facility. This communication is vital for the healthcare team to have a complete understanding of the patient's condition and treatment.
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when caring for a client with multiple myeloma which diagnostic test result will the nurse expect
When caring for a client with multiple myeloma, the nurse would expect to see an increase in the levels of abnormal plasma cells and immunoglobulins as well as an increase in calcium levels. Diagnostic tests are essential to diagnose multiple myeloma, a blood cancer. A nurse can play a crucial role in managing clients with multiple myeloma and need to be familiar with diagnostic tests required to treat this disease.
A nurse should be aware of the following diagnostic tests when caring for clients with multiple myeloma: Complete Blood Count (CBC): Multiple myeloma reduces the production of normal blood cells, making it challenging to clot or fight off infections. Therefore, the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets must be carefully monitored. Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP): Multiple myeloma causes an increase in the number of abnormal plasma cells, which produce immunoglobulins known as monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies are present in the blood and can be detected through serum protein electrophoresis tests. Electrophoresis is a laboratory procedure used to separate proteins in a solution based on their charge and size. Therefore, an SPEP test will provide an estimate of the quantity of monoclonal antibodies present in the blood and their composition.
Imaging tests: Imaging tests, including MRI, PET, and CT scans, are used to determine the extent and location of cancer growth. Bone lesions are a common occurrence in multiple myeloma patients. Therefore, diagnostic imaging is crucial to determine the extent of bone damage and to plan a treatment regimen. Serum calcium levels: Cancerous cells of multiple myeloma have the ability to produce substances that can cause bone destruction and lead to hypercalcemia. Calcium is a vital component for various body functions and is tightly regulated. When calcium levels increase, it can result in nausea, vomiting, constipation, and confusion. Other tests: Additional diagnostic tests may include 24-hour urine collection for protein determination, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic tests for identifying chromosomal abnormalities related to multiple myeloma.
In conclusion, multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects blood cells and reduces the production of normal blood cells. A nurse caring for a client with multiple myeloma must be familiar with diagnostic tests used to manage this condition. These tests include complete blood count (CBC), serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), imaging tests, serum calcium levels, and others.
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pertaining to the chest med term
Answer:
Thoratic
Explanation:
What is withdrawal period of veterinary drugs and how does it relate with antibiotic resistance
The withdrawal period, also known as the withdrawal time or withholding period, is the period of time that must elapse after the administration of a veterinary drug before the treated animal or its products (such as milk, eggs, or meat) can be safely consumed by humans.
During this period, the drug and its residues are expected to decrease to acceptable levels or fall below established maximum residue limits (MRLs). The withdrawal period is crucial to ensure that animal-derived products intended for human consumption do not contain excessive drug residues that may pose a risk to human health. It allows time for the drug to be metabolized and eliminated from the animal's body, reducing the potential for harmful residues to be present in edible tissues or products. The relationship between the withdrawal period of veterinary drugs and antibiotic resistance is indirect but important. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of antibiotics, reducing their effectiveness in treating infections. Misuse or overuse of antibiotics, including in veterinary medicine, is a significant factor contributing to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance.
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You are called in the middle of the night to residence for an unknown alarm. Upon arrival, you see a family of four standing on the front lawn and a smoke detector alarm coming from the house. The mother tells you the alarm woke them, and they immediately exited the home. The father and two children are complaining of headaches. They are unsure why the alarm is sounding. You see no signs of smike coming from the residence. What should you do?
ABC's first and then neuro exam, tox screen, chem 7, check for heavy chemical toxin exposure and do a history to make sure it wasn't something environmental prior to the accident which exasturbated the reaction
How many essential minerals does your body need
A nurse is caring for a client who has a full-thickness burn injury covering 15% of their body.Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
a.Weigh the client once per week
b.Provide the client with a protein intake of 1g/kg/day
c.Maintain a daily count of the client’s calorie intake
d.Place the client on a low-carb diet
A nurse is caring for a client who has a full-thickness burn injury covering 15% of their body. The actions that the nurse should take is option b.Provide the client with a protein intake of 1g/kg/day.
The nurse should provide the client with a protein intake of 1g/kg/day to promote wound healing and tissue repair. The body needs a lot of protein to repair the damaged tissues after a full-thickness burn injury because both the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin are destroyed. For a client with a burn injury, the alternative therapies are inappropriate. The client should be weighed once a week to track weight improvements, but this is not the most important action right now. It is not advised to keep track of the client's daily caloric intake or put the client on a low-carb diet because these actions could impede wound healing and recovery.
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3
When handling and packaging a bullet from a crime scene, investigators must be careful to preserve any trace evidence that might be present, such as paint or fibers,
True or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Because you need all the evidence you need to find what was the cause of the crime scene and how could you detained it from anymore victims and suspects .
the nurse notes in the first few exchanges during peritoneal dialysis of a client that the effluent is tinged pink. the nurse's most appropriate action is to a. stop the dialysis immediately. b. notify the physician. c. send a specimen of the effluent for culture. d. continue the dialysis and observations. d bloody effluent is usually insignificant and disappears spontaneously.
The nurse's most appropriate action when noting pink-tinged effluent during peritoneal dialysis is to continue the dialysis and closely observe the client.
Here, correct option is D.
This is because bloody effluent is usually insignificant and will disappear spontaneously. It is important, however, for the nurse to monitor the client's vital signs and urine output to ensure that there are no further complications. If the client's condition worsens or the effluent becomes significantly bloody, the nurse should notify the physician for further assessment and management.
In addition, sending a specimen of the effluent for culture may be appropriate if there are signs of infection or if the client has a history of peritonitis. It is important for the nurse to exercise clinical judgement and prioritize the safety and well-being of the client while providing appropriate care during peritoneal dialysis.
Therefore, correct option is D.
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Medicare allowed $77 for Mrs. Ross’s office visit on 02/03/20XX; however, it paid nothing toward this charge. Explain why Medicare did not pay 80% of this service.
There could be several reasons why Medicare did not pay 80% of the office visit charge for Mrs. Ross. Here are some possible explanations:
Deductible: Medicare has an annual deductible that needs to be met before it starts covering services. If Mrs. Ross had not met her deductible for that year, Medicare would not have paid anything towards the charge. Coinsurance: Medicare typically covers 80% of the approved amount for covered services. However, the remaining 20% is usually the responsibility of the patient as coinsurance. If Mrs. Ross had not paid her share of the coinsurance, Medicare would not have paid its portion either.
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The nurse is performing an assessment of the peripheral vascular system and notes edema in one of the lower extremities. Which are causes of unilateral edema of the lower extremities?
a. Prolonged presence of a cast on the extremity
b. Venous stasis and obstruction
c. Congestive heart failure
d. Prolonged standing position
The causes of unilateral edema of the lower extremities is Venous stasis and obstruction
What is meant by peripheral vascular system ?The peripheral vascular system is made up of peripheral arteries, which are in charge of supplying all body parts with oxygenated blood from the heart, and peripheral veins, which transport deoxygenated blood from the extremities back to the heart.
The peripheral circulation is responsible for the movement of blood, distribution of blood flow, communication between blood and tissue, and blood storage (venous system).
Any tool that enters data and commands into a computer for storage or processing, including sensors and to provide the processed data to a human operator is referred to as a peripheral device. This term is also used to refer to computers.
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Venous stasis and obstruction are the causes of unilateral edema of the lower extremities.
What is unilateral edema?Unilateral edema is the presence of excess fluid in the lower extremity, resulting in swelling of the feet and extending upward.Deep venous thrombosis, venous insufficiency, or lymphedema are the most common causes of unilateral lower extremity edema below the knee. The underlying etiology, which is frequently of vascular origin, is frequently revealed by the patient history, physical examination, and lower extremity venous duplex ultrasound.DVT or trauma are the most common causes of acute unilateral lower extremity edema. Chronic unilateral lower extremity edema is most commonly caused by venous insufficiency and, less frequently, by primary or secondary lymphoedema.Bilateral swelling is typically caused by systemic conditions (e.g., cardiac failure), whereas unilateral swelling is frequently caused by local trauma, venous disease, or lymphatic disease.To learn more about unilateral edema refer to :
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