Answer:
r = 2.031 x 10⁶ m = 2031 km
Explanation:
In order for the asteroid to orbit the planet, the centripetal force must be equal to the gravitational force between asteroid and planet:
Centripetal Force = Gravitational Force
mv²/r = GmM/r²
v² = GM/r
r = GM/v²
where,
r = radial distance = ?
G = Universal Gravitational Constant = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ N.m²/kg²
M = Mass of Planet = 3.52 x 10¹³ kg
v = tangential speed = 0.034 m/s
Therefore,
r = (6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ N.m²/kg²)(3.52 x 10¹³ kg)/(0.034 m/s)²
r = 2.031 x 10⁶ m = 2031 km
Which direction does the net force ALWAYS act on an object undergoing centripetal
motion?
Explanation:
as the centripetal force acts upon an object moving in a circle constant speed, the force always acts inward as the velocity of the object is directed tangent to the circle. this would mean that the force is always directed prepidecilsr to the direction that the object is being displaced.
NEED HELP The main difference between kinetic energy and potential energy is thatSingle choice.
(2 Points)
kinetic energy involves position, and potential energy involves motion.
kinetic energy involves motion, and potential energy involves position.
although both energies involve motion, only kinetic energy involves position.
although both energies involve position, only potential energy involves motion.
Answer:
kinetic energy involves motion, and potential energy involves position.although both energies involve position, only potential energy involves motion.hope it is helpful to you ☺️☺️✌️
The intensity of the sunlight that reaches Earth's upper atmosphere is approximately 1310 W/m^2.
(a) What is the total average power output of the Sun, assuming it to be an isotropic source?
W
(b) What is the intensity of sunlight incident on Mercury, which is 5.9e10 m from the Sun?
W/m^2
The total average power output of the Sun is approximately 3.828e26 watts. The intensity of sunlight incident on Mercury is approximately 9087 W/m².
(a) To calculate the total average power output of the Sun (P), we can use the formula for the intensity (I) of an isotropic source:
I = P / (4 * π * r²)
where I is the intensity, P is the power output, and r is the distance from the source. The intensity at Earth's upper atmosphere is 1310 W/m², and the distance from the Sun to Earth (r) is approximately 1.496e11 meters (1 Astronomical Unit).
We can rearrange the formula to find the power output (P):
P = I * (4 * π * r²)
P = 1310 W/m² * (4 * π * (1.496e11 m)²)
P ≈ 3.828e26 W
The total average power output of the Sun is approximately 3.828e26 watts.
(b) To find the intensity of sunlight incident on Mercury, we can use the same formula with the distance between Mercury and the Sun (5.9e10 m):
I_Mercury = P / (4 * π * r_Mercury²)
I_Mercury = 3.828e26 W / (4 * π * (5.9e10 m)²)
I_Mercury ≈ 9087 W/m²
The intensity of sunlight incident on Mercury is approximately 9087 W/m².
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A force of 1250N is used to move a 50kg body along a rough horizontal plane. if the coefficient of fiction is 1.2 what is the acceleration of the body from rest
Answer:
Explanation:idek
The net force acting on the body will be 250 N since there is significant friction also. Thus, the acceleration of the 50 Kg body is 5 m/s².
What is friction?Friction is a kind of force acting on a body to resist it from motion. Thus, frictional force will always be negative. The frictional force acting on a body is the the product of the coefficient of friction and the normal force.
Here the normal force = 1250 N
coefficient of friction = 1.2
Frictional force = 1250 N × 1.2 = 1500 N
Net force = 1500 N - 1250 N = 250 N
Acceleration = net force/ mass
= 250 N/50 Kg
= 5 m/s²
Therefore, the acceleration of the body from rest is 5 m/s².
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The man rolls the cupboard at a steady speed from the lorry to the house. The friction force in the wheels is 40 N. State the force with which the man has to push.
Answer:
40N
Explanation:
Using the newton's second law of motion
\sum Fx = max
Fm - Ff = max
Fm is the applied force
Ff is the frictional force
m is the mas of the cupboard
ax is the acceleration
Since the speed from the lorry is steady, ax = 0m/s^2
Also Ff = 40N
Substitute into the formula;
Fm - 40 = m(0)
Fm - 40 = 0
Add 40 to both sides
Fm - 40 + 40 = 0 + 40
Fm = 40N
Hence the force with which the man applied to push is 40N
What is the magnitude of the x-component of force ?
ANSWER
EXPLANATION
If force F keeps the object in equilibrium
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Find the x components of all of the forces shown, add them together, the x-component of the force F will be exactly opposite ( same magnitude but 180 degrees different)
30 cos 55 + 40 cos 205 + 50 cos 320 = 19.26 <====x component sum of all of the forces shown
F (the x component of ) will be Either - 19.26 At zero degrees
Or 19.26 at 180 degrees
What is the element, atomic number, mass number, and charge of the image?
Answer:
1. Beryllium
2. 4
3. 9
4. 0
Explanation:
• The element shown in the image is beryllium because the atom shown contains four protons and the only element with four protons is beryllium.
• The atom's atomic number is 4, because atomic number is the number of protons of an element, and the atom shown contains 4 protons.
• The mass number of the atom is 9. Mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, and the atom shown contains 4 protons and 5 neutrons; therefore its mass number is (4 + 5 =) 9.
• The charge of the atom is 0. This is because it has 4 protons which give it a +4 charge, but it also has 4 electrons which give it a -4 charge. Therefore its net charge is: 4 + (-4) = 0.
a resistor and capacitor are connected in series across an ac generator. the emf of the generator is given by where v0 120 v, , , and . (a) what is the impedance of the circuit?
In a series circuit consisting of a resistor and capacitor connected to an AC generator, the impedance of the circuit can be calculated using the given information. The impedance of a series circuit is the total opposition to the flow of current, and it is represented by the symbol Z.
In this case, the circuit consists of a resistor and a capacitor connected in series. The impedance of the resistor, denoted as R, is simply the resistance value. The impedance of the capacitor, denoted as Xc, is given by the reciprocal of the product of the angular frequency (ω) and the capacitance (C). The angular frequency ω is calculated as 2π times the frequency of the AC generator.
To find the total impedance of the circuit, we need to calculate the sum of the resistive and reactive components. The impedance Z is the square root of the sum of the squares of the resistance and reactance: Z = √(R² + Xc²). Given the values of the resistor and capacitor, we can substitute them into the equation and solve for the impedance. The given information does not provide the frequency or capacitance values, so it is not possible to determine the exact impedance without this additional information. However, once the frequency and capacitance are known, the impedance can be calculated using the formula mentioned above.
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The correct question is-
What is the impedance of a series circuit consisting of a resistor and capacitor connected across an AC generator, where the EMF of the generator is given by v0 = 120 V, R is the resistance, C is the capacitance, and ω is the angular frequency?
The correct answer is -
In a series circuit with a resistor and capacitor connected across an AC generator, the impedance (Z) can be calculated using the formula:
Z = √(R² + (1/(ωC))²),
where R is the resistance, C is the capacitance, and ω is the angular frequency.
The impedance of the circuit represents the total opposition to the flow of alternating current. The resistance component (R) is responsible for dissipating energy in the form of heat, while the reactance component (1/(ωC)) is related to the capacitor's ability to store and release energy.
By calculating the impedance, we can understand the overall resistance offered by the circuit to the AC signal. This helps determine the current flow and voltage drop across the circuit components.
In summary, the impedance of a series circuit with a resistor and capacitor connected across an AC generator is given by the formula Z = √(R² + (1/(ωC))²). It combines the effects of resistance and reactance, providing a measure of the overall opposition to the AC current flow in the circuit.
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A 11.0kg ball traveling at 13.0m/s is crashed into from behind by a 14.0kg ball traveling at 22.0m/s in the same direction. What is the velocity of the first ball if the second slows down to 16.2m/s after the collision?
Let p be the total linear momentum of the system before the collision and p' the total linear momentum of the system after the collision. Let p₁₁ and p₁₄ be the linear momentum of the 11.0kg ball and the 14.0kg ball before the collision, and let p₁₁' and p₁₄' be their linear momenta after the collision.
According to the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum, the total linear momentum of the system before and after the collision remains the same. Then:
\(\begin{gathered} p=p^{\prime} \\ \Rightarrow p_{11}+p_{14}=p_{11}^{\prime}+p_{14}^{\prime} \end{gathered}\)Let v be the unknown speed of the 11.0kg ball after the collision. Find the value of p₁₁, p₁₄, and p₁₄'. Find an expression for p₁₁' in terms of v and replace all the values into the above equation. Solve for v.
The linear momentum of a particle with mass m and velocity v is:
\(p=mv\)Then:
\(\begin{gathered} p_{11}=(11kg)(13.0\frac{m}{s})=143kg\cdot\frac{m}{s} \\ \\ p_{14}=(14kg)(22.0\frac{m}{s})=308kg\cdot\frac{m}{s} \\ \\ p^{\prime}_{11}=(11kg)\cdot v \\ \\ p^{\prime}_{14}=(14kg)(16.2\frac{m}{s})=226.8kg\cdot\frac{m}{s} \end{gathered}\)Then:
\(\begin{gathered} p_{11}+p_{14}=p_{11}^{\prime}+p_{14}^{\prime} \\ \\ \Rightarrow143kg\cdot\frac{m}{s}+308kg\cdot\frac{m}{s}=(11kg)\cdot v+226.8kg\cdot\frac{m}{s} \\ \\ \Rightarrow143kg\cdot\frac{m}{s}+308kg\cdot\frac{m}{s}-226.8kg\cdot\frac{m}{s}=(11kg)\cdot v \\ \\ \Rightarrow224.2\cdot\frac{m}{s}=(11kg)\cdot v \\ \\ \Rightarrow v=\frac{224.2kg\cdot\frac{m}{s}}{11kg}=20.381818\ldots\frac{m}{s} \\ \\ \therefore v\approx20.4\frac{m}{s} \end{gathered}\)Therefore, the velocity of the first ball after the collision is 20.4m/s.
PLEASE HELP!!!
1. How many moles of oxygen gas would be needed to react with 155 g of propane gas, C3Hg, in a combustion reaction? a C3H8 (g) + 502 (g) -> 3CO2 (g) + 4H20 (1)
2. How many grams of Nitrogen monoxide (NO) will be produced from 2.50 g oxygen (O2)?
4NH3 + 5O2 -> 4NO + 6H2O
17.6 moles of oxygen gas are needed to react with 155 g of propane gas in a combustion reaction and 1.88 g of NO will be produced from 2.50 g of \(O_2\).
1. We need to write a balanced equation for the combustion of propane: \(C_3H_8 (g) + 5O_2 (g) -- > 3CO_2 (g) + 4H_2O\)
The coefficient of oxygen gas in the equation is 5, which means that 5 moles of oxygen react with one mole of propane.
Let's use this ratio to determine the number of moles of oxygen that react with 155 g of propane.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of propane in 155 g:
moles of \(C_3H_8\) = mass/molar mass = 155/44.1 =3.52
moles of \(O_2\) = 5 * moles of \(C_3H_8\) = 5 * 3.52 = 17.6 moles
2. We need to use stoichiometry to determine the mass of NO produced when 2.50 g of \(O_2\) is consumed in the reaction. First, we need to balance the equation: \(4NH_3 + 5O_2 -- > 4NO + 6H_2O\)
The balanced equation tells us that 5 moles of \(O_2\) react with 4 moles of NO.
Let's use this ratio to determine the number of moles of NO produced when 2.50 g of \(O_2\) is consumed:
moles of \(O_2\) = mass/molar mass = 2.50/32.0 = 0.0781
Using the ratio from the balanced equation, we can calculate the number of moles of NO produced:
moles of NO = 4/5 * moles of \(O_2\) = 4/5 * 0.0781 = 0.0625
Finally, we can convert the number of moles of NO to grams:
mass of NO = moles of NO*molar mass = 0.0625*30.0 = 1.88g
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2.
______ is stored energy due to its position.
Answer:
Potential energy
u welcome lol
different types of waves
Answer:
sound waves
light waves
transverse waves
longitudinal waves
Answer:
Sound waves
Heat waves
Mechanical waves
Transverse waves
Longitudinal waves
The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 j. what is the change in internal energy?
Answer:
No change.
Explanation:
In isothermal process, ∆T = 0.
Therefore, ∆U =0
Hence, there is no change in internal energy.
(a) At time t=0 , a sample of uranium is exposed to a neutron source that causes N₀ nuclei to undergo fission. The sample is in a supercritical state, with a reproduction constant K>1 . A chain reaction occurs that proliferates fission throughout the mass of uranium. The chain reaction can be thought of as a succession of generations. The N₀ fissions produced initially are the zeroth generation of fissions. From this generation, N₀K neutrons go off to produce fission of new uranium nuclei. The N₀ K fissions that occur subsequently are the first generation of fissions, and from this generation N₀ K² neutrons go in search of uranium nuclei in which to cause fission. The subsequent N₀K² fissions are the second generation of fissions. This process can continue until all the uranium nuclei have fissioned. Show that the cumulative total of fissions N that have occurred up to and including the n th generation after the zeroth generation is given byN=N₀ (Kⁿ⁺¹ - 1 / K-1)
Using the formula N = N₀ (Kⁿ⁺¹ - 1 / K-1), we can determine the cumulative total of fissions up to the n th generation.
The cumulative total of fissions N that have occurred up to and including the n th generation after the zeroth generation can be calculated using the formula N = N₀ (Kⁿ⁺¹ - 1 / K-1). Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. The zeroth generation consists of N₀ fissions.
2. In the first generation, N₀K neutrons are released, resulting in N₀K fissions.
3. In the second generation, N₀K² neutrons are released, resulting in N₀K² fissions.
4. This process continues until the n th generation.
5. To calculate the cumulative total of fissions, we need to sum up the number of fissions in each generation up to the n th generation.
6. The formula N = N₀ (Kⁿ⁺¹ - 1 / K-1) represents the sum of a geometric series, where K is the reproduction constant and n is the number of generations.
7. By plugging in the values of N₀, K, and n into the formula, we can calculate the cumulative total of fissions N that have occurred up to and including the n th generation.
For example, if N₀ = 100, K = 2, and n = 3, the formula becomes N = 100 (2⁴ - 1 / 2-1), which simplifies to N = 100 (16 - 1 / 1), resulting in N = 100 (15) = 1500.
So, using the formula N = N₀ (Kⁿ⁺¹ - 1 / K-1), we can determine the cumulative total of fissions up to the n th generation.
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400 N of load can be overcome by an effort of 50 N by using a lever. Calculate the mechanical advantage of the lever.
Answer:
load (l)=400N
Effort(E)=50N
mechanical advantage (MA)= load ÷Effort
(ma)=400÷50
(ma)=8
Explanation:
I copy pasted from the answer from the same question. Remember to first check if ur question is there
An antelope runs 10 meters in .5 seconds, calculate its speed?
How long would it take a bicyclist to complete a 50 km race at a speed of 20 km/hour?
How far can a person walk at a speed of 1.7 m/s in 60 seconds?
Answer:
speed=10m5s=2m/s for the antelope
Two 100 ohm resistors are connected in series and they are connected to seven 1.5V DC. What is the total current flowing in the circuit?
I = V/Rt = 1.5/(100+100) = 1.5/200 = 0.0075 A ....or 0.0075*1000 = 7.50 mA
I = V/Rt
= 1.5/(100+100) = 1.5/200
= 0.0075 A ....or 0.0075*1000 = 7.50 mA
What is Current?In a full electrical circuit, current is the rate at which electrons move past a certain point. Current = flow, at its most fundamental level.
The international unit for measuring current is an ampere (AM-pir), sometimes known as an amp. It describes how many electrons (sometimes referred to as "electrical charge") travel past a certain point in a circuit over a specified period of time.
In a circuit, a current of 1 ampere corresponds to the movement of 1 coulomb of electrons, or 6.24 billion (6.24 x 1018) electrons, through a single location in a second.
Therefore, I = 0.0075 A ....or 0.0075*1000 = 7.50 mA
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How was the sun created
Answer:Formation. The Sun formed about 4.6 billion years ago in a giant, spinning cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula. As the nebula collapsed under its own gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk. ... Like all stars, our Sun will eventually run out of energy.
Explanation:
Explanation:
The sun was created from east.
What does it mean when the
compressions of a longitudinal
wave are far apart?
A. the amplitude is higher
B. the wavelength is longer
C. the wavelength is shorter
D. the amplitude is shorter
Answer:
it will option B,hope it helps
C. The wavelength is longer.
What is longitudinal wave?
A sound wave is called a longitudinal wave because compressions and rarefactions in the air produce it.
The air particles vibrate parallel to the direction of propagation.
A longitudinal wave consists of a repeating pattern of compressions and rarefactions.
Thus, the wavelength is commonly measured as the distance from one compression to the next adjacent compression or the distance from one rarefaction to the next adjacent rarefaction.
Longitudinal waves move through a medium from the point of the disturbance in the form of compressions (where particles of the medium are bunched together) followed by rarefactions (where particles of the medium are farther apart).
In longitudinal waves, the distance from one compression to the next is the wavelength.
Therefore,
In longitudinal wave the wavelength is longer.
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If you wanted to know the location of a vehicle that ran out of gas after taking a zigzag route through the city, which quantity would be
most useful?
a. the vehicle's speed
b. the vehicle's distance
c. the vehicle's direction
d. the vehicle's displacement
Explanation:
the vehicles displacement, since displacement deals with position
To know the location of a vehicle that ran out of gas after taking a zigzag route through the city, the quantity that would be most useful is the vehicle's displacement.
In physics, the term quantity refers to something that can be measured.
Displacement is a vector quantity. Displacement simply means distance covered in a specified direction.
Notice that we want to find out the location of the vehicle after it ran out of gas. In this case, we don't only need to know the distance covered by the vehicle but also the direction in which the distance was covered in order to enable us to track the vehicle.
Hence, we need to find out the vehicle's displacement.
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A coil with 20 turns of wire is wrapped around a tube with a cross-sectional area of 1. 0 m2. A magnetic field
is applied at a right angle at 0. 50 T. If the coil is pulled out of the magnetic field in 5 seconds, what emf is
induced in the coil?
The emf induced in the coil is 2.0 volts.
To calculate the emf induced in the coil with 20 turns of wire, wrapped around a tube with a cross-sectional area of 1.0 m², and a magnetic field applied at a right angle at 0.50 T, when it is pulled out of the magnetic field in 5 seconds, we can use Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
The formula for Faraday's Law is:
emf = -N * (ΔΦ/Δt)
where
emf is the induced electromotive force,
N is the number of turns in the coil (20),
ΔΦ is the change in magnetic flux, and
Δt is the time it takes to change the flux (5 seconds).
First, we need to calculate the change in magnetic flux (ΔΦ). Since the coil is completely pulled out of the magnetic field, the final magnetic flux will be zero.
The initial magnetic flux (Φ_initial) can be calculated using the formula:
Φ_initial = B * A
where
B is the magnetic field strength (0.50 T) and
A is the cross-sectional area of the tube (1.0 m²).
Φ_initial = 0.50 T * 1.0 m²
= 0.50 Wb (Weber)
Now, we can calculate the change in magnetic flux (ΔΦ):
ΔΦ = Φ_final - Φ_initial
= 0 Wb - 0.50 Wb
= -0.50 Wb
Next, we can plug the values into Faraday's Law formula:
emf = -20 * (-0.50 Wb / 5 s)
= 20 * (0.10 V)
= 2.0 V
So, the emf induced in the coil is 2.0 volts.
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a boy of mass 60 kg and a girl of mass 40 kg are together and at rest on a frozen pond and push each other apart. the girl moves in a negative direction with a speed of 3 m/s. what is her momentum? a. 60 kgm/s b. -100 kgm/s c. -120 kgm/s d. 120 kgm/s
The momentum of the girl is -120 kgm/s in the direction opposite to the boy.
The momentum of an object is defined as the product of its mass and velocity. Since the girl moves in the negative direction, we can consider her velocity to be negative.
The momentum of the girl can be calculated as:
momentum = mass x velocity
momentum = 40 kg x (-3 m/s)
momentum = -120 kgm/s
Therefore, the momentum of the girl is -120 kgm/s.
Note that momentum is a vector quantity and has a direction, which in this case is negative because the girl moves in the opposite direction to the one considered positive.
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A wave with a frequency of 3kHz was found to
oscillate 440 times.
Over what time period was it measured?
Give your answer to 2 decimal places.
The time interval is 0.15 s
What is the frequency of oscillation?The frequency of oscillation refers to the number of cycles of a periodic waveform that occur per unit of time, usually measured in hertz (Hz), which represents cycles per second.
Based on the information that can get in the question that has been put before us here and now;
Note that;
Frequency = Number of oscillations/Time
3 * 10^3 = 440/time
Time = 440/3 * 10^3
Time = 0.15 s
Thus we can see from the calculation that the time that is taken is 0.15 s
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2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
a. The force which acts towards the centre is called .......
force.
Answer:
centripetal force
Explanation:
because this force always compels the body to move in circle
a stop sign is the shape of a regular octagon. Many stop signs have sides 12 inches long. What is the perimeter of a regular octagon with sides 12 inches long?
The perimeter of the regular octagon is 96 inches.
What is regular octagon?Eight equal sides and eight equal angles make up a normal octagon. Each side is the same length, and each angle is the same size. The total of the interior and external angles is 1080° and 360°, respectively. The inner angle at each vertex of a regular octagon is 135°.
the perimeter of regular octagon is
P = 8 * a
P = 8 * 12
P = 96 inches.
A polygon having 8 sides and 8 angles is called an octagon. It is a regular octagon if all of its sides are the same length and all of its angles are 135 degrees. Concave and convex octagons are among the various octagons that are irregular.
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At what temperature does water freeze in each scale?
Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit, 0 degrees Celsius, and 273.15 Kelvin, as we have all been taught.
What range of temperatures does water freeze at?Due to the salt in seawater, it freezes at a lower temperature than fresh water—approximately 28.4 degrees Fahrenheit. However, because only the water part of seawater freezes, a very little salt is present in the ice when it is formed.
At what scale of temperatures does water freeze at 273 degrees?The Kelvin scale, which measures temperatures in Kelvin, is frequently used by scientists, particularly those who investigate what happens to things when they get extremely cold (K). The steps on this scale are the same as those on the Celsius scale, however, they are moved downward. Water freezes at 273 K and boils at 373 K on this scale.
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2. Which best represents a physical property of a
substance?
A. Acids act as a corrosive to metal.
B. Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3.
C. Sodium combines with chlorine to create
sodium chloride.
D. Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal,
creating hydrogen gas.
What is a major difference between economic wants and economic needs? A- needs have a greater degree of scarcity than wants B- Needs are more important to survival than wants C- needs play a greater role in the economy then wants D- needs require more labor to satisfy than wants
Answer:
B because Needs are things that are essential to life but wants are just extra.
Explanation:
For example food and water is needed for life but a want would be to have the latest I phone
A major difference between economic wants and economic needs is: B- Needs are more important to survival than wants.
Economic wants can be defined as the goods and services that are desired by consumers but are not important for their survival. Some examples of economic wants are mobile phone, automobile cars, computer, clothes, television, furniture, etc.
Economic needs can be defined as the goods and services that are required by the people or consumers for their daily survival. Some examples of economic needs are: shelter, food, water, land, air, etc.
In conclusion, economic wants are less important because they are just our different desires in life but economic needs are very important and significant for the daily survival of humans because they are the basics of life.
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When you pass a beam of white light through a prism, it exits the prism not as white light but rather, as a rainbow. A rainbow is a continuous spectrum of light — it has all of the colors of visible light with no gaps. You may be wondering why this occurs. Why does white light create this effect? Why doesn’t blue light or green light or red light do the same when it is passed through a prism? To answer these questions, you must understand light energy as a wave.
The diverse hues are diverged through different angles if a white light ray is impacted on a prism. Because of this, white light disperses into its individual colours, a phenomenon known as dispersion.
What occurs when a white light beam travels through the prism?As a result, when white light enters a glass prism, the light is scattered and a spectrum of seven colours is created.
Which type of white light will be twisted more as it goes through a prism?When light passes from one clear medium to another, it bends. The light that is most bent has the shortest wavelength. Due to its maximal wavelength, red bends the least, whereas violet bends the most.
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What is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis?
Answer:
Light energy
Explanation:
This happens by means of chlorophyll combining with the carbon, from carbon dioxide, and the hydrogen and oxygen, from water, to form carbohydrates