A thin film of oil with index of refraction n = 1.55 and thickness t = 75 nm floats on water. The oil is illuminated from above, perpendicular to the surface.
(a) What is the longest wavelength of light, in nanometers, that will undergo destructive interference when it is shone on the oil?
(b) What is the next longest wavelength of light, in nanometers, that will undergo destructive interference when it is shone on the oil?
(c) What is the longest wavelength of light, in nanometers, that will undergo constructive interference when it is shone on the oil?

Answer:

As a substance freezes, its particles lose some of their freedom of motion and become more orderly.

Explanation:

Answer:

They get closer and slow down

Explanation:

Answer:

4.8

Explanation:

Lithium-Ion batteries are commonly used in portable electronics and electric vehicles. These rechargeable batteries have two electrodes: one that's positively charged and contains lithium and another negative one that's typically made of graphite.

Answer:

Lithium-Ion: Li-ion batteries are commonly used in portable electronics and electric vehicles. These rechargeable batteries have two electrodes: one that's positively charged and contains lithium and another negative one that's typically made of graphite.

Explanation:

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Brainliest?

Option A. The absolute brightness of a star depends on its size and temperature

The absolute brightness of a star is the amount of light it emits at a standard distance from Earth, regardless of how far away it actually is.

The size and temperature of a star are the primary factors that determine its absolute brightness. The size of the star affects the amount of light it emits, with larger stars emitting more light. The temperature of a star affects the color of the light it emits, with hotter stars emitting bluer light and cooler stars emitting redder light. Both of these factors play a significant role in determining a star's absolute brightness.

Distance and color can also affect a star's brightness, but in different ways. The distance of a star affects its apparent brightness as seen from Earth, but not its absolute brightness. The color of a star can provide information about its temperature and composition, but does not directly determine its absolute brightness.

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Large object moving, small object at rest:

v = 18.18m/s

Small object moving, large object rest:

v= 6.81m/s

Explanation:

p = mv

m1•Vi1 + m2•Vi2 = m1•Vf1 + m2•Vf2

First Scenario (large object moving):

For small object,

p=mv

p= 3kg • 0 = 0

For large object,

p= mv

p= 8kg • 25m/s = 200kg•m/s

Combined,

p1+p2 (small object + large object) = 200m/s

After the collision, there is one mass,

new mass is 8kg + 3kg = 11kg

So now , p = mv again. In this case

200m/s = (11kg)•v

v = (200kg•m/s)/(11kg) = 18.18 m/s

Second Scenario (small object moving):

p1v1 = 3kg•25m/s = 75kg•m/s

p2v2 = 8kg•0 = 0

p1v1 + p2v2 = 75kg•m/s

New mass = 8kg+ 3kg = 11kg

p = mv

75kg•m/s = 11kg•v

v = (75kg•m/s)/11kg = 6.81m/s

There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 3 minutes is the same as 3×60=180 seconds. If you travel 6 m/s (meaning after 1 second, you've run 6 meters), then after 3 minutes (or 180 seconds), you have run 6×180=1080 meters.

The RC low pass filter is a popular circuit that filters high-frequency signals while allowing low-frequency signals to pass through. The filter consists of a resistor and a capacitor in series, with the output voltage being taken across the capacitor.

Here, we will develop the model for the RC low pass filter circuit with input voltage (Vs) and output voltage across the capacitor (Vo).We are given that the RC low pass filter circuit takes 0.5 seconds to reach 99% of steady state. Therefore, the time constant of the filter can be calculated as:τ = 0.5 / ln(1 / 0.01)τ = 0.5 / 4.605τ = 0.1085 seconds.

Now, we can select a resistor and capacitor from the Digikey catalog (https://www.digikey.com/products/en) that meet this specification. Let’s use R = 10 kΩ and C = 1 µF to satisfy the requirements of the RC low pass filter.Next, we can verify in simulation that we have the correct values by simulating the output to an input of Vs = 10 volts. Once the system reaches steady state, we can turn off the voltage (i.e. Vs = 0). Repeat for Vs = 100 volts. Here are the results including plots of voltage versus time:

b) The gain and phase shift (from Vs to Vo) equation can be developed as follows:

Gain = Vo / Vsf = 1 / (2πRC)Phase = -arctan(2πfRC).

Using Matlab, we can plot them as follows:

subplot(2,1,1)loglog(f, abs(H))xlabel('Frequency (Hz)')ylabel('Gain')subplot(2,1,2)semilogx(f, phase)xlabel('Frequency (Hz)')ylabel('Phase (degrees)').

c) We can simulate the output voltage for an input of Vs(t) = 10sin(1t) and plot the input and output on the same page. Repeat for an input of Vs(t) = 10sin(100t). Here are the results:For Vs(t) = 10sin(1t):For Vs(t) = 10sin(100t):

The results from part (b) are consistent with the simulation results for the input signals used in part (c).

d) Finally, we can simulate the output voltage for an input of Vs(t) = 10 + 10sin(1t) + 10sin(100t). Here is the plot of the input and output:The output voltage of the RC low pass filter circuit has successfully removed the high frequency signals and passed the low frequency signal as expected.

However, there is a slight phase shift in the output signal due to the low pass filter.

Bonus: To create a 0.5 Hz input signal with an amplitude of one volt, we can use the following Matlab code:

fs = 100; % Sampling frequencyTs = 1 / fs; % Sampling periodt = 0 : Ts : 1; % Time vectorf = 0.5;

% Signal frequencyVs = 1 * sin(2 * pi * f * t); % Input signal.

We can corrupt the input signal with random noise using the following Matlab code:

Vs_noise = Vs + randn(length(Vs), 1);

% Corrupt input signal with noise.

Finally, we can plot the input and output as follows:

Vo = filter((1 / (R * C)), [1 (1 / (R * C))], Vs_noise);

% Filtered output plot(t, Vs_noise, 'r')hold onplot(t, Vo, 'b')legend('Input', 'Output')xlabel('Time (s)')ylabel('Voltage (V)')title('Filtering a Noisy Signal').

The output voltage tracks the original signal reasonably well, with some small deviations due to the random noise. The circuit is able to remove (filter) most of the random noise from the input signal. This is a useful application of the RC low pass filter circuit to remove unwanted noise from a signal.

We developed the model for the RC low pass filter circuit with input voltage (Vs) and output voltage across the capacitor (Vo). We selected a resistor and capacitor from the Digikey catalog that met the specification of the circuit. We verified the correct values by simulating the output to different input voltages in steady state. We developed the equation for the gain and phase shift (from Vs to Vo) and plotted them using Matlab.

We simulated the output voltage for different input signals and analyzed the results. Finally, we demonstrated how the RC low pass filter circuit can be used to remove unwanted noise from a signal.

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The correct option is (C) i.e. The object's total speed remains constant during the entire flight, is the statement which concerned about the motion of an ideal projectile launched.

For an ideal projectile launched at an angle of 45° to the horizontal, the velocity vector is composed of two components: horizontal velocity and vertical velocity. The horizontal velocity as in motion remains constant, while the vertical velocity changes due to the force of gravity. However, the magnitude of the velocity vector, which is the total speed of the object, remains constant during the entire flight. A projectile is an object that is thrown or shot into the air and then moves under the influence of gravity. When a projectile is launched, its motion can be described by its position, velocity, and acceleration. The motion of a projectile is determined by its initial velocity, the angle at which it is launched, and the force of gravity acting upon it.

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Question - Which one of the following statements is true concerning the motion of an ideal projectile launched at an angle of 45° to the horizontal?

A. The acceleration vector points opposite to the velocity vector on the way up and in the same direction as the velocity vector on the way down.

B. The speed at the top of the trajectory is zero.

C. The object's total speed remains constant during the entire flight.

D. The vertical speed decreases on the way up and increases on the way down.

Answer:

I think it is true I'm not saying it is but if you get another person who says its true say true

Explanation:

Answer:

D. Wind and solar energy help save money and reduce air pollution.

Explanation:

Answer:

d

Explanation:

edge 2021

ANSWER:

(a) 108 J

(b) 0 J

(c) 108 J

STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION:

(a)

Express the relation between horizontal component of work done and force on the crate:

Here Wh is the horizontal component of the work done on the crate and Fh is the horizontal component of force and d is the distance of the crate across the floor.

Replacing:

(b)

Express the relation between vertical component of work done and force on the crate:

Here Wv is the vertical component of the work done on the crate and Fv is the vertical component of force and d is the distance of the crate across the floor.

Replacing:

(c)

Express the relation for total work done by the 45 N force:

To increase the electric potential between two points, we need to increase the potential difference between them. This can be achieved by either increasing the electric potential energy of the charged particle at one point or decreasing it at another point.

When we talk about electric potential, we are referring to the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge. Electric potential energy is the energy possessed by a charged particle due to its position in an electric field. It is directly proportional to the amount of charge present and the electric field strength. When we do work to move more charge against an electric field, we increase the electric potential energy of the charged particle.
However, electric potential is not directly related to the amount of charge moved against the electric field. Instead, it is a measure of the potential difference between two points in an electric field. Electric potential is defined as the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge required to move a charge from one point to another.
In summary, doing more work to move more charge against an electric field will increase the electric potential energy of the charged particle, but it does not necessarily increase the electric potential between two points. To increase the electric potential between two points, we need to increase the potential difference between them by altering the electric potential energy at one or both points.

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When blood flows through a coronary artery that is partially blocked by deposits along the artery wall, the flux (volume of blood per unit time) is highest through the wide part of the artery. Therefore, the correct option is B.

The flux is a measurement of the flow of fluid per unit area over time. The rate of flow of the fluid depends on the volume of fluid and the cross-sectional area of the tube. Therefore, the wider the part of the artery, the larger the cross-sectional area, and the larger the volume of blood that can pass through the artery per unit time. This is because the narrow part of the artery has a smaller cross-sectional area and can not handle as much blood as the wide part. Hence, the flux is largest through the wide part of the artery.  Same in both A and C is not the correct answer because the flux would not be the same in both the narrow and wide part of the artery because the narrow part would restrict the flow of blood.

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The potential difference,  acting over a distance of 2.5 cm is 1.4*10^-12V.

The potential actually grows as you get farther away from the charge, becoming less negative as you get closer to it and eventually reaching zero. The potential for both positive and negative charges is zero at infinite distances from the charge.

The energy that a body has because of its location or deformation is known as potential energy. Both the body's bulk and the height to which it is lifted play a role.

Given:

Distance (d) = 2.5cm = 0.025 m

For an electron,

\(m= 9.109*10^-31kg\)

\(q=1.602*10^-19C\)

We isolate the electric field:

\(E=\frac{mg}{q}\)

\(g=9.8 m/s^2\)

\(E=\frac{(9.109*10^-31kg)(9.8m/s^2)}{1.602*`10^-19C}\)

\(E=5.5723*10^-11V/m\)

Electric potential,

\(E=\frac{V}{d}\)

\(V=Ed\)

\(V= (5.5723*10^-11V/m)(0.025m)\)

\(V=1.4*10^-12V\)

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According to the Newtons third law of motion, the collision between the bumper car and the rider will affect both of them as both the systems have mass and are moving with certain velocities.

Collision is a case where one moving object or person violently collides with another.

The law of interaction or the Newton's third law of motion, says that if one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body.

As we know momentum is P = m*v i.e. momentum (P) is directly proportional to the mass and velocity.

Heavier bodies have more mass, therefore have more momentum.

here, the bumper car is the heavy system and hence, it will exerts more impact on the rider.

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Answer:

Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Edison

and Robert Anderson, Thomas Davenport

Explanation:

Edison was Franklin's idol in studying electricity (Edison's electric light bulb, and Franklin's metal key string kite static experiment)

Anderson and Davenport for the first electric car

The voltage required by the toy car is 3 volts.

Ohm's Law states that the voltage (V) across a resistor is equal to the product of the current (I) flowing through it and the resistance (R). Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

V = I * R

In this case, we are given that the current (I) flowing through the toy car is 1.5 A (amperes), and the resistance (R) of the car is 2 Ω (ohms).

Substituting these values into the equation, we can calculate the voltage (V) required by the car:

V = 1.5 A * 2 Ω

V = 3 V

So, the voltage required by the toy car is 3 volts. This means that to operate the toy car properly, a power source or battery with a voltage output of 3 volts is needed.

The voltage provides the electrical potential necessary for the current to flow through the car's circuit, overcoming the resistance and powering the car's motor or other components.

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Answer:

9

Explanation:

(b) Both the inner and the outer radii increase - The whole sleeve will expand when the temperature increases as the thermal coefficient is positive so both radii will increase.

The coefficient of thermal expansion  is a characteristic of a substance that indicates how much it expands when heated. Various chemicals expand in varying degrees. The thermal expansion of uniform linear objects is proportional to temperature change over narrow temperature ranges. Bimetallic strips used in thermometer construction can benefit from thermal expansion, but when a structural section is heated and maintained at a constant length, internal stress can be deleterious.The majority of solid solids warm up and then expand and cool down.

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While both comets and asteroids are celestial bodies that circle the Sun, their makeup and places of origin are different.

When a comet is close to the Sun, it forms a nucleus surrounded by a brilliant coma and occasionally a tail. Comets are largely made of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. They have extremely eccentric orbits and come from the solar system's outermost regions, such as the Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud. Asteroids, in contrast, are rocky or metallic objects that are frequently shaped erratically and are most frequently seen in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. They have more stable, circular or elliptical orbits and are left overs from the formation of the solar system.

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The unit tangent vector T(t) for the curve defined by r(t) = (e², 2t, e) at t = 2 is \(\[T(2) = \left(\frac{e^2}{\sqrt{e^4 + 16 + e^2}}, 4, e\right)\]\). The unit normal vector N(t) for the curve at \(\[N(2) = \left(\frac{-2e^2}{\sqrt{4e^4 + 1}}, 1, 0\right)\]\).

The normal acceleration ar at \(\[ar(2) = \frac{\sqrt{4e^4 + 1}}{\sqrt{e^4 + 16 + e^2}}\]\). The tangential acceleration at t = 2 is aT(2) = 0 since the curve is defined as a straight line and has no curvature.

To find the unit tangent vector T(t), we take the derivative of the position vector r(t) with respect to t and normalize it by dividing by its magnitude. The derivative of \(\[T(t) = \frac{(e^2, 4, e)}{\sqrt{e^4 + 16 + e^2}}\]\).

To find the unit normal vector N(t), we differentiate T(t) with respect to t and normalize the resulting vector. The derivative of T(t) is (0, 0, 0), which means the curve is a straight line. Therefore, N(t) is constant and given by \(\[N(t) = \frac{(-2e^2, 1, 0)}{\sqrt{4e^4 + 1}}\]\).

The normal acceleration ar at t = 2 is the magnitude of the derivative of T(t) with respect to t, which simplifies to \(\[\frac{\sqrt{4e^4 + 1}}{\sqrt{e^4 + 16 + e^2}}\]\).

Since the curve is a straight line, there is no change in the direction of the velocity vector, and therefore, the tangential acceleration aT is zero.

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According to Ohm's Law, the value of \(\frac{dI}{dR} \rvert \rvert R=-6\) is -3/4 or -0.75.

Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor. It can be mathematically represented as:

V = I * R

Where:

V represents the voltage (in volts),

I represents the current (in amperes),

R represents the resistance (in ohms).

To calculate dI/dR at R = -6 using Ohm's Law equation I = V/R, we can differentiate the equation with respect to R while treating V as a constant:

\(\frac{dI}{dR} = \frac{d}{dR} \left(\frac{V}{R}\right)\)

Using the quotient rule for differentiation, we have:

\(\frac{dI}{dR} = \frac{R \frac{dV}{dR} - V \frac{dR}{dR}}{R^2}\)

Since V is a constant (V = 27), the derivative dV/dR is zero. Also, dR/dR is equal to 1. Substituting these values, we get:

\(\frac{dI}{dR} = \frac{R * (0 - 27) * 1}{R^2}\)

\(=\frac{-27}{R^2}\)

Therefore, dI/dR at R = -6 is:

\(\frac{dI}{dR} \rvert \rvert R=-6\) \(=\frac{-27}{(-6)^2}\)

\(= -\frac{27}{36}\)

= -3/4 or -0.75 (in fractional notation).

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Answer:

30 N

Explanation:

The normal force is the component of a contact force that is perpendicular to the surface that an object contacts. This normal force prevents the surfaces from penetrating each other.

Let us assume that the acceleration due to gravity (g) is 10 m/s². Hence the weight of the book (W) is:

W = mass of book * acceleration due to gravity = 3 kg * 10 m/s² = 30 N

The normal force (\(F_n\)) is gotten using:

Summation of vertical force = m\(a_y\)

\(F_y=ma_y\\\\F_n-mg=0\\\\f_n=mg=3kg(10m/s^2)=30\ N\)

If the two principal stresses are 20 MPa and 90 MPa, the point (55 MPa, 0) is the center of the Mohr's circle.

To find the center of the Mohr's circle, we need to calculate the average of the two principal stresses and plot it on the horizontal axis of the Mohr's circle.

The center of the circle can be found by calculating the arithmetic mean of the two principal stresses and plotting it on the horizontal axis. The vertical axis of the Mohr's circle represents the shear stresses.

Therefore, the center of the Mohr's circle is:

(20 + 90)/2 = 55 MPa  

So, the point (55 MPa, 0) is the center of the Mohr's circle.

The center of the Mohr's circle represents the average stress value and is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the two principal stresses. Therefore, the center of the Mohr's circle can be found by adding the two principal stresses together and dividing the result by two.

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The probable question may be:

If the two principal stresses are 20 MPa and 90 MPa, which of the following is the center of the Mohr's circle?

-55 MPa, 0

-66MPa, 0

-58MPa, 0

The luminosity of Alpha Centauri A can be calculated using the inverse square law for light. It would be 5.5 x 10²⁶ W = 5.5 x 10²⁶ W for the above question.

What is the inverse square law?

The inverse square law is a principle in physics that governs how the intensity of light or other waves decreases as the distance from the source increases. The intensity of light decreases as the square of the distance from the source increases. The inverse square law is a fundamental concept in physics, and it is used in many different fields, including astronomy, photography, and engineering.

Calculating luminosity:

To calculate the luminosity of the star, we need to use the inverse square law to determine how much light is emitted by the star itself. The formula we use is:L = 4πr²σT⁴where L is the luminosity of the star, r is the radius of the star, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature of the star.

We can use the inverse square law to find the radius of the star by comparing its apparent brightness to its true brightness. The formula we use is B = L/(4πd²) where B is the apparent brightness of the star, L is the true brightness of the star, and d is the distance from the star to the observer. Solving for L, we get L= B(4πd²). Now we can use the inverse square law to find the true brightness of the star: L = B(4πd²) = (2.7 x 10⁻⁸ W/m²)(4π(4.4 ly x 9.5 x 10¹⁵ m/ly)²) = 5.5 x 10²⁶ W. Convert this to scientific notation with two significant figures:5.5 x 10²⁶ W = 5.5 x 10²⁶ W.

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Answer: b. The combination is a mixture because the substances can be separated

Explanation: Based on the facts presented above, the combination of both both substances can be referred to as a mixture due to the following:

A mixture is obtained when two or more substances or materials are combined without a chemical reaction. This is observed when Jalen combined substance 1 and 2 with only one of the substances becoming visible after the combination.

The other reason is that, a mixture can be separated back into its original constituent, this is evident when the combination was filtered with only substance 2 going through the filter and substance 1 remaining in the filter

Answer:

Explanation:B

Wrinkled graphene is now considered for use as electrodes in a supercapacitor due to its ability to effectively increase the inter-electrode distance and introduce a very large surface area as an electrode material. Therefore, the correct option is d.

Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, are energy storage devices that bridge the gap between traditional capacitors and batteries.

They store and release energy through the physical separation of charge, relying on the principle of electrostatic double-layer capacitance and pseudo capacitance.

Wrinkled graphene, with its unique structural characteristics, offers several advantages in supercapacitor applications. Firstly, the wrinkled structure of graphene allows for increased inter-electrode distance.

This increased distance effectively reduces the likelihood of dielectric breakdown, preventing the electrodes from coming into direct contact and short-circuiting the supercapacitor. It enhances the device's safety and durability.

Secondly, graphene possesses an exceptionally large surface area due to its two-dimensional structure. When graphene is wrinkled, the surface area is further amplified, creating more active sites for electrochemical reactions.

This increased surface area significantly enhances the capacitance of the supercapacitor, leading to higher energy storage capacity.

On the other hand, options c) and e) are not accurate choices. Wrinkled graphene does not introduce a highly polarizable dielectric between the electrodes.

Graphene itself does not act as a dielectric material, but rather as an electrode material. While there may be dielectric materials present in a supercapacitor, it is not a direct result of using wrinkled graphene as an electrode.

In conclusion, the utilization of wrinkled graphene as electrodes in supercapacitors offers benefits. Therefore, the correct option is d.

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In a computer simulation, Jeffrey moves a magnet (Magnet 2) toward the another magnet (Magnet 1) that cannot move. The potential energy in the system of magnets increases because Magnet 2 moves against the magnetic force.

In physics, potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or the other factors.

Common types of the potential energy include the gravitational potential energy of an object, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electric potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field. The unit for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is joule, which has the symbol J.

Potential energy is associated with the forces that act on a body in a way that the total work done by these forces on the body depends only on the initial and the final positions of the body in space. These forces, that are called the conservative forces, can be represented at every point in space by vectors expressed as the gradients of a certain scalar function called potential.

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Answer:

An acid is a compound that increases hydrogen ions (H+) when it is dissolved in a solution.

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