An engine using 1 mol of an ideal gas initially at 15.7 L and 272 K performs a cycle consisting of four steps:1) an isothermal expansion at 272 K from 15.7 L to 29.3 L; 2) cooling at constant volume to 105 K: 3) an isothermal compression to its original volume of 15.7 L; and 4) heating at constant volume to its original temperature of 272 K. Find its efficiency. Assume that the heat capacity is 21 J/K and the universal gas constant is 0.08206 L atm/mol/K 8.314 J/mol/K.
Answers
The efficiency of the engine is zero, since the net work done by the engine is zero.
What is the efficiency of the heat engine?The efficiency of the heat engine is calculated as follows;
During the isothermal expansion, the work done by the gas is calculated as;
W₁ = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)
where;
V₂ is final volumeV₁ is initial volumen is number of molesR is gas constantT is constant temperatureW₁ = (1 mol)(0.08206 L.atm/mol/K)(272 K) ln(29.3 L/15.7 L)
W₁ = 13.93 L.atm
1 L.atm = 101.325 J
13.93 L.atm = ?
= 13.93 x 101.325 J
= 1,411.5 J
The heat absorbed by the gas is equal to the work done, since it is isothermal process.
Q₁ = -W₁ = -1,411.5 J
The heat lost by the gas is calculated as follows;
Q₂ = nCvΔT
Q₂ = (1 mol)(21 J/K)(105 K - 272 K)
Q₂ = -3,507 J
During the compression process, the work done on the gas is calculated as;
W₃ = -nRT ln(V₂/V₁)
W₃ = -(1 mol)(0.08206 L.atm/mol/K)(272 K) ln(29.3 L/15.7 L)
W₃ = -13.93 L.atm
W₃ = -1,411.5 J
So the heat rejected by the gas is equal to the work done on the gas.
Q₃ = -W₃ = 1,411.5 J
The heat absorbed by the gas during constant volume is calculated as:
Q₄ = nCvΔT
Q₄ = (1 mol)(21 J/K)(272 K - 105 K)
Q₄ = 3,507J
The net work done by the engine during the cycle is calculated as;
W(net) = W₁ + W₃
W(net) =1,411.5 J - 1,411.5 J = 0
The net heat absorbed by the engine during the cycle is calculated as;
Q(in) = Q₁ + Q₄
Q(in) = - 1,411.5 J + 3,507J
Q(in) = 2,095.5 J
The efficiency of the engine is calculated as;
eff. = W(net)/Q(in) x 100%
eff. = 0/2,095.5 J x 100%
eff. = 0%
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Related Questions
A block of ice is floating in a cup of water. It is 0.5 cm above the water surface and its length
and width are 2cm each. Given that the density of ice is 900 kgm 3 and the density of the
water is 1000 kgm3, find the volume of the ice block.
0.5 cm
d cm
2 cm
2 cm
Answers
Answer:
Let the volume of the cube be V and the fraction of cube outside water be f.
Thus, volume of ice inside water = volume of water displaced =(1−f)V
Under equilibrium,
Weight of ice = Weight of water displaced
⟹Vρ
ice
g=(1−f)Vρ
water
g
⟹(1−f)=
10
9
⟹f=
10
1
Thus, the percentage of volume outside water =10%
Why can chemical energy and nuclear energy be considered a potential energy
Answers
Answer:
because it is due the Intrecation between sub atomic particles
Which of these is untrue about ray diagrams?
A. The arrowheads show the direction of the light
B. Lines must always be straight
C. More arrowheads on lines mean a brighter light
Answers
Answer:
The untrue option is C: "More arrowheads on lines mean a brighter light"
Explanation:
Ray diagrams are used to show how the light behaves with things like mirrors or lenses. Where we only study how the direction of the light changes when it interacts with these objects.
The "light" is represented with arrows, where again, the only thing we care is the direction of the light, so the first statement is true, the arrowheads show the direction of the light, and only that.
The intensity of the light, in this context, has no effect on how light behaves, so there is not a necessity of representing the intensity of the light, thus, more arrowheads on lines do not mean a brighter light. It may only be used to represent changes in direction of the light.
Finally, we know that light travels in straight pats (the pats can be curved in some cases, like with large gravitational fields, but this is not the case of a ray diagram) so the lines that represent the light should always be straight, thus option B is also true.
The untrue option is C: "More arrowheads on lines mean a brighter light"
When measuring wellness, you must consider __________.
A.
all components of health
B.
your physical fitness being in the top 10% of the population
C.
being free of diseases
D.
both physical and mental health
Answers
Answer:
D. both physical and mental health
Explanation:
because if you cant mentally function then you wont have the desire to be physical and if your not physical then your not mentally well and you get all depressed.
Hope this helps
Which two statements are true of electromagnetic waves?
DA. They do not need a medium to transfer energy.
DB. They travel by causing particles of matter to vibrate.
C. They need a medium to transfer energy.
DD. They transfer energy by disturbing electric and magnetic felds.
Answers
Answer:
AD
Explanation:
electromagnetic waves do not need a medium to travel, examples are ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation.
Answer:
A and D
Explanation:
Just did it
astronomy from a space telescope is particularly useful because the telescope ... a. is above earth's absorbing and distorting atmosphere and can measure radiation over a very wide wavelength range. b. moves smoothly in a constant orbit. c. is in a clean dust and neutrino free environment. d. is in a gravity-free state, and its mirror is not distorted by positron stress.
Answers
Because a space telescope can monitor radiation over a very wide wavelength range and is located above the earth's absorbing and distorting atmosphere, astronomy from one is very valuable.
Astronomy from spacecraft is especially helpful because the space telescope is above the earth's absorbing and distorting atmosphere and can measure radiation over a very wide wavelength range on the absolute scale of temperature, the zero of which corresponds to the temperature at which the motion of atoms and molecules ceases. Is called space telescope.
In physics, the wavelength is the length over which a periodic wave repeats, or its spatial period. The distance between two adjacent crests, troughs, or zero crossings on a wave are examples of consecutive corresponding points in the same phase.
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network of proteins found within the cytoplasm for support and structure in cell
Answers
This might be a cytoskeleton
Explanation:
Because within the cytoplasm there is network of protein fibers known as the cytoskeleton. This structure is responsible for both cell movement and stability.
Having an issue getting images to upload but if this one works can you solve it with significant figures, please?
Answers
The magnitude of the charge on the ball is 0.72 μC.
What is the charge on the ball?The magnitude of the charge on the ball is calculated by applying Newton's second law of motion Coulomb's law as follows;
Mathematically, the formula for Newton's second law of motion and coulomb's law is given as;
F = mg
F = kq²/r²
where;
m is the mass of the ballq is the charge of the ballg is acceleration due to gravityr is the distance of the ballk is Coulomb's constantkq²/r² = mg
q² = ( mgr² ) / ( k )
q = √ ( mgr² / k )
The magnitude of the charge on the ball is calculated as follows;
q = √ ( 0.003 x 9.8 x 0.4² / 9 x 10⁹ )
q = 7.2 x 10⁻⁷ C
q = 0.72 x 10⁻⁶ C = 0.72 μC
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Help me please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
I think 100V but I'm not sure.
A drum rotates around its central axis at an angular velocity of 10.4 rad/s. If the drum then slows at a constant rate of 5.55 rad/s2, (a) how much time does it take and (b) through what angle does it rotate in coming to rest
Answers
Answer:
t=1.87s
b. 9.74
Explanation:
First to find time set an equation for angular velocity:
\(w_{2}=w_{1}+\alpha t\\0=10.4-5.55t\\-10.4=-5.55t\\1.87=t\)
Now to find the angle:
\(x=x+wt+\frac{\alpha}{2} t^2\\x=10.4*1.87-\frac{5.55}{2} 1.87^2\\x=9.74\)
Q3. At an altitude of 6679 km above the center of the Earth, the
International Space Station can complete one orbit in 1.5 hours.
Determine the average speed of the ISS. Explain why you should
calculate speed in this case, and not velocity.
Answers
Answer:
5524.8 m/s
Explanation:
Given that,
Altitude above the surface of earth is 6679 km, the Space Station can complete one orbit in 1.5 hours. We need to find the average speed of the ISS. The average speed of its orbit is given by :
\(v=\sqrt{\dfrac{GM}{R}}\)
R is distance from Earth
R = r + d, r is the radius of Earth
R = 6371 + 6679
R = 13050 km
So,
\(v=\sqrt{\dfrac{6.67\times 10^{-11}\times 5.972 \times 10^{24}}{13050\times 10^3}}\\\\v=5524.8\ m/s\)
or
Hence, the average speed of ISS is 5524.8 m/s.
Through which of the following ways does the Sun primarily transfer its heat energy to the Earth?
A.
conduction
B.
radiation
C.
convection
D.
reflection
Answers
Answer:
B. Radiation
Explanation:
Transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic radiation
explain the constant shape and volume of a wooden block in terms of the motions of the particles in it.
Answers
The constant shape and volume of a wooden block is due to the fact that the particles that make up the block are held together by strong intermolecular forces.
What is intermolecular?Intermolecular refers to the interactions that occur between molecules. These interactions involve the sharing or transfer of electrons between molecules and are responsible for a wide range of chemical and physical properties. Intermolecular forces are relatively weaker than intramolecular forces, which exist between atoms within a molecule.
These forces prevent the particles from moving relative to each other and thus maintain the block's shape and volume. This is because the particles remain bound together, even when the block is subjected to pressure or force of any kind. The particles are unable to move in any direction as they are tightly held together, thus maintaining the shape and volume of the block.
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a cubical surface with no charge enclosed and with sides 2.0 m long is oriented with the right and left faces perpendicular to a uniform electric field of magnitude 1.6 x 105 n/c. the net electric flux through this surface is approximately:group of answer choices25 x 105 nm2/cnone of the other answers is correct13 x 105 nm2/c06.4 x 105 nm2/c
Answers
The net electric flux through the surface is approximately 2.56 x 10⁶ Nm²/C which can be approximated to 25 x 10⁵ Nm²/C. Hence, the correct answer is option (A) 25 x 10⁵ Nm²/C.
For a cube, the electric flux density is the same through each face of the cube, and the net electric flux through the cube will be the sum of the electric flux through all the faces of the cube.
Thus, ϕnet = Φ₁ + Φ₂ + Φ₃ + Φ₄ + Φ₅ + Φ₆
where Φ₁,Φ₂, Φ₃, Φ₄, Φ₅, Φ₆ are the electric flux densities through the six faces of the cube.
Let Φ be the electric flux density through each face of the cube.
There are two pairs of opposite faces of the cube that are perpendicular to the electric field. Thus the electric flux through these faces is given by; Φ₁ = Φ₂ = Φ₃ = Φ₄ = Φ
And, Φ₅ = Φ₆ = 0
The electric flux density Φ can be calculated as; Φ = E × A
where E is the electric field intensity and A is the area of each face. For a cube, each face has an area of (2m)² = 4m².
Thus,Φ = E × A
= 1.6 × 10⁵ N/C × 4 m²
= 6.4 × 10⁵ Nm²/C
The net electric flux through the cube is given by;
ϕnet = Φ₁ + Φ₂ + Φ₃ + Φ₄ + Φ₅ + Φ₆
= Φ + Φ + Φ + Φ + 0 + 0
= 4Φ
= 4 × 6.4 × 10⁵ Nm²/C
= 25.6 × 10⁵ Nm²/C
= 2.56 × 10⁶ Nm²/C
Therefore, the net electric flux through this surface is approximately 2.56 x 10⁶ Nm²/C which can be approximated to 25 x 10⁵ Nm²/C. Hence, the correct answer is option (A) 25 x 10⁵ Nm²/C.
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Where the h e l l did physics come from!?
Answers
Answer:
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.
Ancient history. Elements of what became physics were drawn primarily from the fields of astronomy, optics, and mechanics, which were methodologically united through the study of geometry. These mathematical disciplines began in antiquity with the Babylonians and with writers such as Archimedes and Ptolemy.
Answer:
I don't know but It should exist or else reality would not exist
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP ASAP 30 POINTS !!!!!!
Two masses are placed close to each other. How will the gravitational force acting on the masses change if the distance between the two masses is doubled?
Answers
Answer:
If the mass of both of the objects is doubled, then the force of gravity between them is quadrupled; and so on. Since gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two interacting objects, more separation distance will result in weaker gravitational forces.Which of the following are examples of etiquette? Check all of the boxes that apply.
prioritizing tasks
writing a note about a patient’s medical condition
following an employer’s dress code
following a company’s policy of addressing patients by their last names
Answers
Answer:
C& D
Explanation:
ON EDG2020
Answer: Its C and D
Explanation:
edge
You performed an experiment in which you measured the amount of water leaking through different types of roofs. For one roof, you measured a volume of 13.2 ounces. What is this measurement in SI units? 1 lb = 16 oz; 1 kg = 2.2 Ibs.
Answers
The measurement of 13.2 ounces is 0.375 kg in SI units.
To convert 13.2 ounces to SI units, we need to convert it to kilograms since the SI unit for mass is kilograms (kg).
Given:
1 lb = 16 oz
1 kg = 2.2 lbs
First, let's convert 13.2 ounces to pounds:
13.2 oz * (1 lb / 16 oz) = 0.825 lbs
Now, let's convert pounds to kilograms:
0.825 lbs * (1 kg / 2.2 lbs) ≈ 0.375 kg
Therefore, the measurement of 13.2 ounces is approximately 0.375 kg in SI units.
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Rahul wants to change the motion map shown so that it shows uniform circular motion. An illustration of a circle with four black dots on the top, bottom, left and right of the circle. Each dot has a vector toward the center of the circle of equal length and a vector tangent to the circle in a counterclockwise direction and of increasing length staring from the one on the right. What change should Rahul make? He should change the length of each vector that points toward the center so that it is the same length as the vector pointing tangent to the circle at that point. He should change the lengths of the vectors that point tangent to the circle so that each is the same length. He should change the direction of the vectors that are tangent to the circle so that each points away from the center of the circle. He should change the direction of the vectors that are tangent to the circle so that each points toward the center of the circle.
Answers
Rahul should change the lengths of the vectors that point tangent to the circle so that each is the same length.
Uniform Circular Motion:
A uniform circular motion is a motion in a circle where the tangential speed of the object is constant.
In the motion map:
The arrows pointing towards the center of the circle represent the centripetal acceleration, and their length represents the magnitude of the acceleration.The arrows pointing tangentially to the circle represent the tangential speed, and their length represents the magnitude of the speed.In this motion map, the length of the vectors pointing tangent to the circle is not constant: this means that the speed is not constant. In order to have a uniform circular motion, the speed must be constant, therefore the lengths of the vectors that point tangent to the circle must be the same.
Thus, we can conclude that Rahul should change the lengths of the vectors that point tangent to the circle so that each is the same length.
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Which of these organisms is connected to all other organisms in a food web?
carnivores
herbivores
scavengers
decomposers
Answers
Answer:
I want to say decomposers, because they break down plants that the herbivores eat, and they can also decompose the remains of a scavenger, herbivore, OR carnivore, that was killed and eaten by a carnivore, and maybe even found and eaten by a scavenger. I'm sorry if it's not correct, that's just what my brain has decided right now
Answer:
The answer is number 4. Decomposers
Explanation:
Hope this helps!!
a ? is a two-terminal device that passes current of one polarity and blocks current of the opposite polarity.
Answers
A diode is a two terminal device that passes and blocks the current.
What is a diode?A diode is a semiconductor gadget that essentially switches current in a single direction.
However, it substantially inhibits current flow in the opposite direction. It permits an easy flow of current in one direction.
Due to the fact that they convert alternating electricity into pulsing direct current, diodes are sometimes referred to as rectifiers. Type, voltage, and current capability are used to rate diodes.
The anode and cathode determine the polarity of diodes. The majority of diodes only permit current to flow when the anode is subjected to positive voltage.
A diode is forward-biased when it permits current flow. Reverse-biased diodes function as insulators.
The arrow of the diode symbol points away from the direction of electron flow. The symbol was created by engineers, whose current flowed in a positive direction.
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3500 - kg truck traveling 20. 0 m/s [E] strikes a 2000-kg parked minivan. After the collision, the parked minivan is propelled forward with a velocity of 14. 0 m/s [E]. Determine the final velocity of the truck
Answers
The final velocity of the truck after the collision is 12 m/s in the same direction (east) as before the collision.
To determine the final velocity of the truck after the collision, we can use the principle of conservation of momentum.
The initial momentum of the system (truck + minivan) before the collision is given by:
Initial momentum = (mass of truck) × (velocity of truck) + (mass of minivan) × (velocity of minivan)
= (3500 kg) × (20.0 m/s) + (2000 kg) × (0 m/s) [since the minivan is parked]
Since the minivan is stationary before the collision, its initial velocity is 0 m/s.
The final momentum of the system after the collision is given by:
Final momentum = (mass of truck) × (final velocity of truck) + (mass of minivan) × (final velocity of minivan)
= (3500 kg) × (final velocity of truck) + (2000 kg) × (14.0 m/s) [given]
According to the conservation of momentum, the initial momentum of the system should be equal to the final momentum:
Initial momentum = Final momentum
(3500 kg) × (20.0 m/s) + (2000 kg) × (0 m/s) = (3500 kg) × (final velocity of truck) + (2000 kg) × (14.0 m/s)
Now, we can solve the equation to find the final velocity of the truck:
(3500 kg) × (20.0 m/s) = (3500 kg) × (final velocity of truck) + (2000 kg) × (14.0 m/s)
70000 kg·m/s = (3500 kg) × (final velocity of truck) + 28000 kg·m/s
42000 kg·m/s = (3500 kg) × (final velocity of truck)
final velocity of truck = 42000 kg·m/s / 3500 kg
final velocity of truck = 12 m/s
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A spring scale is a device that uses a spring with a known spring constant to
measure the weight of objects. You have a spring scale with a spring constant
of 10.0 N/m. How much will the spring stretch when a 15-N weight is hung
from one end?
Answers
Answer:
1.5m
Explanation:
you just devide weight by spring constant. so 15N/10N/m=1.5 m
Which of the following physical properties makes copper and aluminum
useful for making frying pans?
A. Magnetism
B. Electrical conductivity
C. Density
D. Thermal conductivity
Answers
Say what main energy change
takes place in the following
examples.
a) clockwork toy
b) boy kicking a football
c) boiling kettle on a gas ring
d) person walking upstairs
Answers
Answer:
b) boy kicking a football
Explanation:
it 's because the ball was at rest but when it was kicked, it starts to more
Matt has a portable basketball goal in his driveway. He has the basket set 8 ft (2.4 m) high so he can practice dunking the ball. He slams the ball through the hoop and then hangs onto the rim. This exerts a downward force of 600 N on the front of the rim. The front of the rim is 1.1 m in front of the front edge of the portable basketball goal%u2019s base. The mass of the whole portable basketball goal is 70 kg. The center of gravity of the portable basketball goal is 1.0 m behind the front edge of its base.
a. How much torque is produced around the front of the goal base by the 600 N force Matt exerts on the front of the rim?
b. How much torque would be needed to tip the goal?
c. What is the largest vertical force that can be exerted on the front edge of the rim before the portable basketball goal begins to tip?
Answers
Answer:
a) τ₁ = 660 N m, b) τ’= 686 N m, c) F = 623.6 N
Explanation:
a) For this exercise let's use the concepts of torque and rotational balance.
For this we set a reference system at the base and assuming that the counterclockwise rotations are positive
where the force F = 600 N, the distance to the axis is x = 1.1 m, the mass of the system m = 70g and the weight is placed at the point of the center of gravity x_{cm} = -1.0 m
The torque at the front is
τ₁ = F x
τ₁ = 600 1.1
τ₁ = 660 N m
b) let's write the rotational equilibrium condition
∑ τ = 0
τ'- W x_{cm} = 0
τ ’= mg x_{cm}
τ’= 70 9.8 1.0
τ’= 686 N m
c) the greatest force Matt can apply
τ’= F x
F = τ’/ x
F = 686 / 1.1
F = 623.6 N
5. A student is investigating the relationship between pressure,
temperature, and entropy. A student manages to obtain a sample of ice,
water, and water vapor that all coexist at the same temperature called
the triple point. Which will have the greatest entropy at the triple point?
Answers
Answer:
The water vapor will have the greatest entropy at the triple point
Explanation:
At the triple point of water, which has the properties of 0.0075°C temperature and 6.11657 mbar pressure, solid ice, liquid water and water vapor exist together in a location
According to Professor Stephen Lower on LibreTexts website entropy is a measure the extent to which thermal energy is shared and spread in a system
The change in entropy, ΔS = ΔH/T
The heat change in \(\Delta H_{melting}\) = 6.01 kJ/mol
The heat change in vaporization, \(\Delta H_{vaporization}\) = 45.05 kJ/mol
The heat change in sublimation, \(\Delta H_{sublimation}\) = 51.06 kJ/mol
Therefore, the entropy of the water vapor \(S_{water \ vapor}}\) > The entropy of liquid water, \(S_{Liquid \ water}\) > The entropy of the solid ice, \(S_{Solid \, ice}\)
The portion with the highest entropy at the triple point is the water vapor
The water vapor will have the greatest entropy at the triple point
Aluminum is often melted down for recycling purposes. Assuming 1 kg of aluminum is at room temperature, what is the minimum amount of heat needed to melt it to a liquid? The specific heat capacity of aluminum is 899 J/kg°C, the melting point is 660°C, and the latent heat of fusion is 3.97 x 105 J/kg.
60 points
Answers
The minimum amount of heat needed to melt it to a liquid will be 569.067 kJ.
What is enthalpy of fusion?The minimum amount of heat needed to melt it to a liquid is known as the enthalpy of fusion.
The formula for the enthalpy of the fusion is;
\(\rm L_f=Q/m \\\\ L_f=mCdt/m \\\\ L_f= Cdt \\\\ L_f= 899 J/kg^0C \times (660^0-27^0) \\\\ L_f= 569,067 \ J \\\\\ L_f=569.067 \ kJ\)
Hence, the minimum amount of heat needed to melt it to a liquid will be 569.067 kJ.
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Object 1 and Object 2 have both the same mass. If object 1 moves twice as fast as Object 2, compare their kinetic energy.
A.) Object 1 has 1/4 the kinetic energy of object 2
B.) Object 1 has 1/2 the kinetic energy of object 2
C.) Object 1 has 2x the Kinetic energy of Object 2
D.) Object 1 has 4x the kinetic energy of object 2
Answers
Answer:
D.) Object 1 has 4x the kinetic energy of object 2
Explanation:
Kinetic Energy
Is the type of energy an object has due to its state of motion. It is proportional to the square of the speed.
The formula for the kinetic energy is:
\(\displaystyle K=\frac{1}{2}mv^2\)
Where:
m = mass of the object
v = speed at which the object moves
Now suppose we have two objects with the same mass m1=m2=m and object 1 moves twice as fast as object 2, that is:
\(v_1=2v_2\)
Let's compute their kinetic energies:
\(\displaystyle K_1=\frac{1}{2}mv_1^2\)
\(\displaystyle K_2=\frac{1}{2}mv_2^2\)
Since v1=2v2, the first kinetic energy is:
\(\displaystyle K_1=\frac{1}{2}m(2v_2)^2\)
\(\displaystyle K_1=4\frac{1}{2}m(v_2)^2\)
Dividing both equations:
\(\displaystyle \frac{K_1}{K_2}=\frac{4\frac{1}{2}m(v_2)^2 }{\frac{1}{2}m(v_2)^2}\)
Simplifying:
\(\displaystyle \frac{K_1}{K_2}=4\)
Or, equivalently:
\(K_1=4K_2\)
Answer:
D.) Object 1 has 4x the kinetic energy of object 2
How much is 190c to fahrenheit?
Answers
The 190°C is equivalent to 374°F. Celsius (°C) and Fahrenheit (°F) are both temperature scales used to measure the same physical quantity, temperature.
The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is:
°F = (°C x 9/5) + 32
So, to convert 190°C to Fahrenheit:
°F = (190 x 9/5) + 32 = 374°F
The Celsius scale is based on the metric system and is used primarily in scientific applications and in most countries around the world. It defines the freezing point of water as 0°C and the boiling point of water as 100°C.
The Fahrenheit scale, on the other hand, is used mainly in the United States and its territories. It defines the freezing point of water as 32°F and the boiling point of water as 212°F. The Fahrenheit scale was defined by a physicist named Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in the early 18th century.
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