An) reaction is a spontaneous reaction in which the standard change in free energy is negative. (HINT: Think of an energy diagram-type chart). O endothermic endergonic O exothermic exergonic

Answer:

(14.5 mol) x (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) = 8.73 × 10^24 atoms

Explanation:

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The given equation is the reaction between borax (Na2B4O7) and water (H2O) giving Sodium Tetrahydroxyborate (NaB(OH)4) and Sassolite (B(OH)3). The balanced equation is Na₂B₄O₇ + 7 H₂O → 2 NaB(OH)₄ + 2 B(OH)₃.

The given reaction is a double displacement reaction. In this type of reaction, two new products are formed by swapping two cations or anions. So to balance the given equation, follow the below steps.

1. Label each reactant and product using variables. We get,

a Na₂B₄O₇ + b H₂O → c NaB(OH)₄ + d B(OH)₃

2. Now create a system of equations for each element (Na, O, H, and B). We get,

Na: 2a = 1c + 0d

B: 4a = 1c + 1d

O: 7a + 1b = 4c + 3d

H: 2b = 4c + 3d

3. Now solve the variables a, b, c, and d. For this using the substitution/elimination method, we get, a=1, b=7, c=2, and d=2.

4. Finally, substitute these values in the equation, and we get,

1 Na₂B₄O₇ + 7 H₂O → 2 NaB(OH)₄ + 2 B(OH)₃.

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The pka for the HA²⁻ is about 9.67. This can be calculated through bisection method as it is a conjugate base.

HA²⁻ is the conjugate base of H₃A, a triprotic acid with pKa values of 2.50, 5.75, and 9.25. It can be written as:

Step 1: Find the pH at which the species Ha²⁻ has half the proton concentration of A³⁻. For a triprotic acid with:

pKa1 < pKa2 < pKa3, the concentration of A³⁻ can be calculated using the following equation:

[A³⁻] = ( [H⁺]³) / ([H⁺]³ + K₁[H⁺]² + K₁K₂[H⁺]+ K₁K₂K₃)

Let x be the concentration of HA²⁻. Then, [A³⁻] = ( [H⁺]³ ) / ([H⁺]³ + K₁[H⁺]² + K₁K₂[H⁺] + K₁K₂K₃) = ( [H⁺]³ ) / ([H⁺]³ + [H⁺]²[0.00316] + [H⁺][0.00316 × 0.01] + [0.00316 × 0.01 × 0.0001] )

Thus, [A³⁻] = [H⁺]³/ ([H⁺]³ + 3.16 × 10⁻⁶ [H⁺]² + 3.16 × 10⁻⁸ [H⁺] + 3.16 × 10⁻¹¹)

Let [A³⁻] = [HA²⁻]/2 = x/2

Thus,  [H⁺]³ / ([H⁺]³ + 3.16 × 10⁻⁶ [H⁺]² + 3.16 × 10⁻⁸ [H⁺] + 3.16 × 10⁻¹¹) = x/2

Since, [H⁺] = 10-pH, and pH = pKa + log10([A-]/[HA]),

we can rewrite the expression as: (10-pH)³ = x/2 (3.16 × 10⁻⁶ + × 2 3.16 × 10⁻⁸ + × 3.16 × 10⁻¹¹ +1)

Rearranging, we get: ×3.16 × 10⁻⁶ + ×2 3.16 × 10⁻⁸ + × 3.16 × 10⁻¹¹ +1 - (2 (10-pH)3) = 0

We can solve this using numerical methods such as Newton-Raphson or bisection method. For simplicity, we can use an online calculator to get the answer. We get: pH = 4.33Thus, the pKa value of Ha2- is:pKa = 14 - pH = 9.67

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Answer:

The limiting reagent is the reactant that is used up completely. This stops the reaction and no further products are made. Given the balanced chemical equation that describes the reaction, there are several ways to identify the limiting reagent.Explanation:

Answer:

NaHCO₃

Explanation:

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃.

Answer:

4.47x10^-4M

Explanation:

The positive difference in concentration of [H⁺] is 4.46 × 10⁻⁴

pH is defined as the negative logarithm of H⁺ ion concentration.

pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. In our everyday routine, we encounter and drink many liquids with different pH. Water is a neutral substance. Soda and coffee are often acidic.

The pH is an important property, since it affects how substances interact with one another and with our bodies. In our lakes and oceans, pH determines what creatures are able to survive in the water.

Given,

pH of HCl solution = 3.35

concentration of [H⁺] = 4.46 × 10⁻⁴

pH after addition of NaOH = 6.78

concentration of [H⁺] = 1.65 × 10⁻⁷

Difference between concentration of [H⁺] =   4.46 × 10⁻⁴ - 1.65 × 10⁻⁷

=4.46 × 10⁻⁴

Therefore, the positive difference in concentration of [H⁺] is 4.46 × 10⁻⁴

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Answer:

Applying smart electric grid technologies can potentially reduce CO 2 emissions. Electric grid comprises three major sectors: generation, transmission and distribution grid, and consumption. Smart generation includes the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, or hydropower).

Explanation:

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Answer:

Li atoms readily give up one electron to form positively charged, Li+ ions. These ions have the same stable electron configuration as the noble gas helium. All Group 1 atoms can lose one electron to form positively charged ions.

Explanation:

I DON'T KNOW IF THIS IS THE RIGHT ANSWER BUT I'M TRYING TO JUST ANSWER.

Answer:

Explanation:

-We know that an atom is table if they have 8 valence electrons (like noble gases, they are stable)

-Group 1 atoms only has 1 valence electron, in order to become stable, they are desperately wanted to lose that one valence electron to become stable.

-While group 15 has 5 electrons, it is easier for them to gain 3 electrons to become 8 electrons than losing all 5 electrons.

-the same thing for group 16 has 6 valence electrons and 17 has 7 electrons. It is easier for them to gain 2 and 1 more valence electrons to become stable.

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i) The possible event that the sample is undergoing at 232°C is melting and it can be measured using the DSC technique.

ii) If the sample is now cooled from 270 °C to room temperature, the DSC curve would show a reversed peak at 232°C as compared to the heating curve.

i. The possible event that the sample is undergoing at 232°C is melting and it can be measured using the DSC technique because Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is used to determine the amount of energy absorbed or released by a sample when heated or cooled under controlled conditions. It measures the heat flow, which is the difference in the amount of heat required to heat a sample and a reference (inert) material as a function of temperature.

When a material undergoes a phase change, it absorbs or releases heat, which is detected by DSC. The technique provides information about the thermal behavior of the material.

ii. If the sample is now cooled from 270 °C to room temperature, the DSC curve would show a reversed peak at 232°C as compared to the heating curve.

This is because the enthalpy of fusion during the cooling process will be released to the environment (surroundings) as heat. Thus, the peak will be negative as the material releases heat rather than absorbing it.

Additionally, there will be no other peaks as the material is cooling from a higher temperature to a lower temperature and no phase changes occur during the cooling process.

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Answer:

yes

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Titration: titrate twice, the first time with an indicator to determine how much sodium hydroxide is needed to completely react with hydrochloric acid, and the second time without an indicator to prevent the contamination of the sodium chloride salt produced

Answer:

An acidic solution has a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H +start superscript, plus, end superscript), greater than that of pure water.

The acidic solution indicates the highest concentration of hydrogen or the proton ion in the solution.

Acidity is the measure of the hydrogen ion in the solution by the pH scale and gives the acidic or basic characteristics to the solution.

The concentration of the hydronium or the hydroxide in the solution is a way to determine the acidic basic nature and the pH and pOH of the solution.

Therefore, in an acidic solution hydrogen ions are in the greatest concentration.

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We must take into account the quantity of electrons exchanged in order to balance this redox reaction. Manganese (Mn) undergoes a shift in oxidation state from 0 (in the solid form) to +2.

(in the aqueous state). This indicates that during the process, Mn loses two electrons. Chromium (Cr) goes from +3 (in the aqueous state) to 0 in terms of oxidation state (in the solid state). This indicates that throughout the process, Cr gains 3 electrons. Equal to the amount of electrons that Cr obtains, Mn loses the same number of electrons. Consequently, the following is the balanced equation for this reaction: 2Mn2+(aq) + 3Cr = 2Mn(s) + 3Cr3+(aq) (s) In this balanced equation, this reaction involves the exchange of two electrons.We must take into account the quantity of electrons exchanged in order to balance this redox reaction. Manganese (Mn) undergoes a shift in oxidation state from 0 (in the solid form) to +2.

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Answer: The temperature would increase assuming it is 30 degree water causing a change in the temperature and assuming it is a seismic groundwater source you are using the earths core to heat the school so it would likely be a stable energy source. There are very few places on the planet where that warm of water is accessible without drilling really deep into the core but if it is there and is a stable fault then the energy would be consistent and stable.

The groundwater system can heat the air in the school by transferring the heat in the ambient atmosphere of school.

Groundwater heating system:

Although the temperature of the ground water is not much but the amount of groundwater is too much.

This large amount water slowly releases heat energy which is transferred in the ambient atmosphere of school.

Therefore, the groundwater system can heat the air in the school by transferring the heat in the ambient atmosphere of school.

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When opsin changes from a cis to a trans conformation, it activates a G protein-coupled receptor called rhodopsin, which then activates a signal transduction cascade that leads to changes in membrane potential in photoreceptor cells.

Opsin is a protein found in photoreceptor cells of the retina, where it is responsible for detecting light and initiating a signal that is sent to the brain. Opsin undergoes a conformational change when it absorbs a photon of light, shifting from a cis to a trans configuration. This change activates a G protein-coupled receptor called rhodopsin, which triggers a signal transduction cascade that ultimately leads to changes in membrane potential and the release of neurotransmitters that convey information to the brain.

Opsin is a protein found in the retina, and it plays a crucial role in the phototransduction process. When light strikes the retina, it causes a change in the conformation of opsin from a cis to a trans conformation. This change leads to the activation of the opsin protein.
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Answer:

20.02 Liters

Explanation:

Mass = 35g

Volume = ?

Temperature = 301K

Pressure = 1.35 atm

The relationship between the quantities is given as;

PV =  nRT

n = mass / Molar mass = 35 / 32 = 1.09375 mol

V = nRT / P

V = (1.09375 * 0.0821 * 301) / 1.35

V = 20.02 L

Answer: The concentration of the KOH solution is 1.01 M

Explanation:

According to neutralization law:

\(n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2\)

where,

\(n_1\) = basicity of \(HCl\) = 1

\(n_2\) = acidity of KOH = 1

\(M_1\) = concentration of HCl = 3.00 M

\(M_2\) = concentration of KOH = ?

\(V_1\) = volume of HCl = 35.3 ml

\(V_2\) = volume of KOH = 105.0 ml

Putting the values we get:

\(1\times 3.00\times 35.3=1\times M_2\times 105.0\)

\(M_2=1.01\)

Thus the concentration of the KOH solution is 1.01 M

Answer:

Explanation:

To find the number of moles in a substance given it's number of entities we use the formula

\(n = \frac{N}{L} \\ \)

where n is the number of moles

N is the number of entities

L is the Avogadro's constant which is

6.02 × 10²³ entities

From the question we have

\(n = \frac{1.3 \times {10}^{24} }{6.02 \times {10}^{23} } \\ = 2.159468...\)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Possible products in this reaction are the products 2 and 3.

The Friedel Crafts reaction is one in which the electrophile is created by a Lewis acid reaction between the AlCl3 and the alkylhalide reactant .

Now we know that there is the possibility of two products in this reaction due to a resonance shift as such possible products in this reaction are the products 2 and 3.

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Answer:

5g NaOH

Explanation:

Answer:

Two ions that produced similar colors in the flame test were Ca+2 and Sr+2. 3.

Explanation:

The colors are produced when an electron jumps to a higher level and then jump back down.

Ba2+ and Cu2+ and Sr2+ and Li+ were the pair with the similar color. Sr and Li displayed red colors, while Ba and Cu had mild greenish yellowish hues.

Why do some ions in the flame test generate colors that are similar?

The precise sizes of the potential energy jumps differ from metal to metal. As a result, the flame color of each metal will differ due to its unique spectral line pattern. The movement of the electrons in the metal ions contained in the compounds results in the hues of the flame.

The energy released by each electron when it returns to its initial condition determines the hue of the light that is produced.

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The amount that is Left after 37.2 hr must be less than the original amount of K-42 initially present.

The term radioactivity has to do with the spontaneous disintegration of a substance.

To determine the mass of the K-42 that remains, we must have the half life of the isotope or the decay constant and both information are missing.

However, the amount that is Left after 37.2 hr must be less than the original amount of K-42 initially present.

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The molar mass of Gatorade cannot be determined just by knowing the chemical formula of glucose.

Gatorade is a complex mixture of water, sugars, electrolytes, and other ingredients.

Thus, the molar mass of Gatorade cannot be determined solely from the chemical formula for glucose.

The molar mass of Gatorade would need to be determined experimentally by analyzing the composition of the mixture in the laboratory.

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Answer:

5.2g potassium chlorate is needed to do so

The pH remains unchanged as silver nitrate is added because the reaction between silver nitrate and lithium hydroxide does not involve the release or consumption of protons (H+ ions).

When silver nitrate (AgNO3) is added to lithium hydroxide (LiOH), a precipitation reaction occurs, forming silver hydroxide (AgOH) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3). The balanced equation for the reaction is:

2AgNO3 + 2LiOH -> Ag2OH + 2LiNO3

Since the Ksp (solubility product constant) of silver hydroxide is given as 2.0 x 10^-8, it indicates that silver hydroxide is only slightly soluble in water. As a result, most of the silver hydroxide formed will precipitate out of solution.

The pH of a solution is determined by the concentration of H+ ions. In this reaction, there is no consumption or production of H+ ions. Lithium hydroxide is a strong base that completely dissociates in water, but it does not affect the pH significantly as the concentration is low (0.10 M). Silver nitrate is a neutral salt, so it also does not contribute to any pH changes.

Therefore, the addition of silver nitrate does not have any significant impact on the pH of the solution. The pH remains unchanged throughout the reaction.

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Owing to the fact that allene is not a planar molecule, the hydrogen atoms in the molecule do not lie on the same plane.

A planar molecule refers to those molecules that lie on same plane. This means that the atoms in the molecules are all arranged along the same plane.

Now we know that the molecule allene is not a planar molecule. Owing to the fact that allene is not a planar molecule, the hydrogen atoms in the molecule do not lie on the same plane. All the carbon atoms present are sp2 hybridized.

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Answer:

Powerade has the most dissolved ions, followed by Gatorade and lastly vitamin water

Explanation:

How conductive a certain solution is, is based on the kind of ions that are present or dissolved in the solution. Hence, we have it that, the higher the concentration of the ions that are present in a solution, the better it will conduct.

There is thus, a direct relationship between what is dissolved or the kind of present ions and how conductive the solution is.

A solution with more dissolved ions is a better conductor of electricity and thus has a conductivity value that is higher

Thus, we can conclude that Powerade has more dissolved ions, Gatorade has less and Vitamin water has the least

Answer:

D

Explanation:

An ionic solid is a crystalline solid held together by charge attractions or an ionic bond.

Ionic bond or electrovalent bond is a type of bond which is formed between two elements when there is an exchange of electrons which takes place between  the atoms resulting in the formation of ions.

When the atom looses an electron it develops a positive charge and forms an ion called the cation while the other atom gains the electron and develops a negative charge  and forms an ion called the anion.

As the two atoms are oppositely charged they attract each other which results in the formation of a bond called the ionic bond.They are good conductors of heat and electricity. They have high melting points. These compounds are brittle.

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(a) The functional group/s in each organic compound are:

Bromine water test: Bromine water is a red-brown solution that decolorizes when it reacts with an unsaturated hydrocarbon. An unsaturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon that contains one or more double bonds or triple bonds. When bromine water reacts with an unsaturated hydrocarbon, the bromine atoms are added to the double or triple bonds, which breaks them and forms new single bonds.

Brady's reagent test: Brady's reagent is a solution of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) in concentrated hydrochloric acid. It is used to test for aldehydes. When an aldehyde is added to Brady's reagent, a yellow/orange coloured precipitate is formed.

Tollen's reagent test: Tollen's reagent is a solution of silver nitrate in ammonia solution. It is used to test for aldehydes and for reducing sugars. When an aldehyde is added to Tollen's reagent, a silver mirror is formed.

Acidified potassium dichromate test: Acidified potassium dichromate is a orange-red solution that is used to test for the presence of an alcohol. When an alcohol is added to acidified potassium dichromate, the mixture changes colour from orange to blue/green.

Phosphorus pentachloride test: Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) is a fuming white liquid that is used to test for the presence of an acid. When an acid is added to phosphorus pentachloride, steamy white fumes are evolved.

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Answer:

chemical

Explanation:

i did that stuff in 5th grade