These are just a few challenges in data analysis, and the field is continuously evolving with new challenges emerging as data and technologies advance.
Difference between outlier and noise: Outlier: An outlier is an observation or data point that deviates significantly from the other data points in a dataset. It is an extreme value that lies outside the expected range or pattern of the data. Outliers can be caused by various factors such as measurement errors, data entry errors, or rare events. Outliers can have a significant impact on statistical analysis and modeling.
Noise: Noise refers to random variations or fluctuations in data that do not follow any specific pattern or signal. It is typically caused by various sources of interference, measurement errors, or inherent variability in the data. Noise can make it challenging to extract meaningful information or patterns from data and can affect the accuracy of data analysis and modeling.
b. Challenges in data analysis:
Data quality and preprocessing: Ensuring data quality and dealing with missing values, outliers, and noise is a significant challenge in data analysis. It requires careful preprocessing steps such as data cleaning, imputation, and outlier detection and handling.
Scalability and handling large datasets: With the increasing volume of data generated, analyzing and processing large datasets pose challenges in terms of computational resources, storage, and efficient algorithms. Handling big data requires specialized tools and techniques to ensure efficient processing and analysis.
Complexity and dimensionality: Many real-world datasets are complex and high-dimensional, with numerous variables or features. Analyzing such datasets poses challenges in understanding the relationships and patterns among variables, performing feature selection, and avoiding overfitting in models.
Privacy and ethical concerns: Data analysis often involves working with sensitive and personal information, raising concerns about privacy and ethical considerations. Ensuring data privacy, obtaining proper consent, and adhering to ethical guidelines are crucial challenges in data analysis, particularly in fields like healthcare and finance.
Learn more about technologies here:
https://brainly.com/question/30292609
#SPJ11
A recent poll found that ""433 of the 1548 randomly-selected adults questioned felt that unemployment compensation should be extended an additional six months while the country is in it current economic downturn. "" Construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the proportion of the U. S. Adults who feel this way. Using the 4 step process what is the "state" for this problem, the "plan", the "do" and the "conclude"
The range of the percentage of American adults who express this sentiment, at 95% confidence, is as follows: (0.257633, 0.302367)
Explain about the proportion?Two ratios are set to be equal in an equation called a proportion. You might express the ratio as 1: 3 for instance, if there is 1 boy and 3 girls (for every one boy there are 3 girls) 1 out of 4 are boys, and 3 out of 4 are girls. 0.25 are boys (by dividing 1 by 4)
Two integers that each represent a component of a whole are compared to determine their proportion. In essence, a proportion asserts the equality of two fractions, despite the difference in magnitude. For instance, the proportion of 10/10 and 50/1/2 marbles is the same.
Here , n= 1548 ,p = 433/1548 =0.28
z=1.96 for the 95% confidence interval.
Now, a 95% confidence interval to determine the percentage of American people who have these feelings is as follows:
0.28+- (1.96)√0.28(1-0.28)/1548
= 0.28+- (1.96)√0.28 x 0.72/1548
= 0.28+- (1.96)(0.011412)
=0.28 +-0.022367
= (0.28 - 0.022367, 0.28+ 0.022367
= (0.257633,0.302367)
To learn more about proportion refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/870035
#SPJ4
Most ceilings are covered with plaster or…
Explanation:
Most ceilings are coverd with plaster or board.
A belt is to transmit 50 kW power to a machine. The sheave is 10 inches in diameter and turns at 1200 rpm, while the larger sheave turns at 500 rpm. Determine the length of belt in mm. Select the correct response: 3000 mm 3500 mm None of them 2500 mm
The correct answer is option d.) 2500mm
The length of the belt in mm is 2500 mm.
Given that a belt is transmitting 50 kW power to a machine. The sheave has a diameter of 10 inches and turns at 1200 rpm, while the larger sheave turns at 500 rpm. To determine the length of the belt, we can use the formula for belt length:
Belt Length (L) = π (D1 + D2) / 2 + (2 × C)
Where:
D1 = Diameter of the larger sheaveD2 = Diameter of the smaller sheaveC = Center distanceFor calculating the center distance, we use the formula:
C = √ (L² - ((D1 - D2) / 2)²)
Given:
Power transmitted, P = 50 kWSpeed of sheave 1, N1 = 1200 rpmDiameter of sheave 1, D1 = 10 inchesSpeed of sheave 2, N2 = 500 rpmDiameter of sheave 2, D2 = ?Using the formula P = (2πNT) / 60, we can calculate the torque:
T = (50 × 10³ × 60) / (2π × 1200)
T = 78.54 Nm
Now, rearranging the formula for center distance, we get:
C = √ (L² - ((D1 - D2) / 2)²)
To find the center distance, we calculate the pitch diameter of the small sheave:
Diameter = 10 inches
Pitch diameter = 10 - (2 × 0.25) = 9.5 inches = 0.2413 m
Using the formula N1 / N2 = D2 / D1, we can find D2:
D2 = D1 × N1 / N2
D2 = 10 × 1200 / 500
D2 = 24 inches = 0.6096 m
Using the formula C = (D1 - D2) / 2, we calculate C:
C = (10 - 24) / 2
C = -7 inches = -0.1778 m
Now, we can calculate the length of the belt using the formula:
L = π (D1 + D2) / 2 + (2 × C)
L = π (10 + 24) / 2 + (2 × (-7))
L = 34π - 28
L = 106.814 mm
Hence, the length of the belt in mm is 106.814 mm, which is closest to 2500 mm. Therefore, the correct answer is 2500 mm.
Learn more about belt length calculation:
https://brainly.com/question/28527969
#SPJ11
10. Atmospheric scientists study weather patterns.
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Atmospheric science is studying of the Earth's atmosphere. Meteorology includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting.
Answer:
The other person is Correct the answer is true
Explanation:
a pediatrician would use this instrument for viewing the interior of the eye
A pediatrician would use an ophthalmoscope for viewing the interior of the eyes.
Ophthalmoscope is an instrument used by pediatricians and other physicians to examine the interior of the eye.
The ophthalmoscope, an important diagnostic tool in ophthalmology, enables doctors to view the retina, optic disc, macula, and other parts of the eye in detail.
The ophthalmoscope is designed to allow physicians to view the interior of the eye through the pupil. With the help of an ophthalmoscope, doctors can diagnose and monitor a variety of eye disorders, such as glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration.
Learn more about ophthalmoscope at:
https://brainly.com/question/30588197
#SPJ11
A pediatrician is a doctor who specializes in treating babies, toddlers, and children up to the age of 18. Pediatricians are well-equipped to diagnose, treat, and illnesses. Because they deal with such young patients, pediatricians must have access to a variety of specialized medical instruments,
One such instrument is an ophthalmoscope. An ophthalmoscope is a handheld instrument that is used to view the interior of the eye. It allows doctors to examine the retina, optic disc, and other structures of the eye to identify any signs of damage or disease.
Pediatricians might use an ophthalmoscope to diagnose a variety of eye conditions in children. For example, they might use it to look for signs of strabismus (a misalignment of the eyes), cataracts (cloudy areas on the lens of the eye), or glaucoma (increased pressure in the eye that can damage the optic nerve)
In addition to an ophthalmoscope, they might also use other specialized instruments to examine different parts of the eye.
To know more about ophthalmoscope visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32369879
#SPJ11
If a system of pulleys results in a force of 25% of the load, how far will the rope need to move to pull the load a distance of 10 feet?
Answer:
40 ft
Explanation:
Assuming no loss of energy in the system of pulleys, the work done is the same whether you move the load directly or through the pulleys.
W = Fd . . . . . . . . work is the product of force and distance
F(10 ft) = (0.25F)(d) . . . . . where d is the distance we want to find
d = 10F/(0.25F) = 40
The rope will need to move 40 feet.
This is the reflex response that occurs when electrical current passes through the human body.
SVect the best option.
Answer:
Electric shock
Explanation:
hope this helps
p.s. the next question is Flexible
You are to design the control for an automatic candy vending machine. The candy bars inside the machine cost 25 cents, and the machine accepts nickels, dimes, and quarters only. The inputs to the control are a set of three signals that indicate what kind of coin has been deposited, as well as a reset signal. The control should generate an output signal that causes the candy to be delivered whenever the amount of money received is 25 cents or more no change is given . Once the candy has been delivered, some external circuitry will generate a reset signal to put the control back into its initial state.
Required:
a. Identify your inputs and outputs, and draw the ASM chart that implements this finite state machine.
b. Assuming no change given, draw a state diagram that implements the finite state machine.
c. Implement the finite state machine using D, T and JK flip-flops. You may use gray code state assignment.
d. Verify the D flip-flop implementation in (b).
e. Write Verilog HDL models for the machine based on the state diagram in (a) and the D flip-flop sequential circuit that you implement in (b).
f. Modify your control design such that the vending machine may give change if more than 25 cents is deposited. You do not have to implement your design. State diagram is sufficient.
Answer:
I believe that it is E. Write Verilog HDL models for the machine based on the state diagram in (a) and the D flip-flop sequential circuit that you implement in (b).
Why is it important to understand email netiquette?
Answer:
Email etiquette is important
Explanation:
It is important to understand how to use correct email etiquette because it helps you communicate more clearly. It also makes you seem a bit more professional too. For example depending in who you're emailing like say you're emailing your teacher for help then here's how it'd go:
Dear(teacher name, capitalize, never use first name unless they allow it)
Hello (teacher name), my name is (first and last name) from your (number class) and I was wondering if you could please help me out with (situation, be clear on what you need help with otherwise it won't get through to them)? If you could that would be greatly appreciated!
Sincerely,
(your name first and last)
a member on a steel drawing is identified as l5 x 4 x ⅜. this member is:
The member described as "L5 x 4 x ⅜" is a steel angle or L-shaped section. It indicates the dimensions of the angle's legs and thickness.
The member identified as "L5 x 4 x ⅜" refers to a specific type of steel angle or L-shaped section. The dimensions provided in the identification indicate the size and shape of the member.
Let's break down the identification:
"L5": This indicates that one leg of the angle measures 5 units in length. The leg is typically measured from the outer edge to the point where it intersects with the other leg."4": This indicates that the other leg of the angle measures 4 units in length. Similar to the first leg, it is measured from the outer edge to the point where it intersects with the first leg."⅜": This represents the thickness of the angle. It means that the member has a thickness of 3/8 of a unit.Combining these dimensions, the steel angle "L5 x 4 x ⅜" has one leg measuring 5 units, another leg measuring 4 units, and a thickness of 3/8 of a unit. This information provides a clear description of the size and shape of the steel angle, which is crucial for fabrication and construction purposes.
Learn more about dimensions visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30338188
#SPJ11
An intelligence signal is amplified by a 65% efficient amplifier before being combined with a 250W carrier to generate an AM signal. If it is desired to operate at 50% modulation, what must be the dc input power to the final intelligence signal amplifier
Answer:
"192.3 watt" is the right answer.
Explanation:
Given:
Efficient amplifier,
= 65%
or,
= 0.65
Power,
\(P_c=250 \ watt\)
As we know,
⇒ \(P_t=P_c(1+\frac{\mu^2}{2} )\)
By putting the values, we get
\(=P_c(1+\frac{1}{2} )\)
\(=1.5 \ P_c\)
Now,
⇒ \(P_i=(P_t-P_c)\)
\(=1.5 \ P_c-P_c\)
\(=\frac{P_c}{2}\)
DC input (0.65) will be equal to "\((\frac{P_c}{2} )\)".
hence,
The DC input power will be:
= \(\frac{250}{2}\times \frac{1}{0.65}\)
= \(\frac{125}{0.65}\)
= \(192.3 \ watt\)
What is not a key characteristic of the engineering of web-based software engineering?
Answer:
Software reuse is the principal approach for constructing web-based systems, requirements for those systems cannot be completely specified in advance, User interfaces are constrained by the capabilities of web browsers.
in a linked list, the memory locations of the nodes do not determine their logical order.
The memory locations of nodes in a linked list do not determine their logical order, but rather their order is determined by the links between nodes.
A linked list is a data structure where each node stores a value and a pointer to the next node. Unlike arrays, the memory locations of nodes are not necessarily contiguous, so the logical order of nodes is not determined by their physical location in memory. Instead, the logical order is determined by the links between nodes. Each node points to the next node in the list, and the last node points to a null value, indicating the end of the list. This allows for efficient insertion and deletion of nodes at any point in the list, without having to shift all subsequent elements.
To know more about data structure visit:
brainly.com/question/28447743
#SPJ11
explain why clay having been fired
at elevated temperature Loses its
hydroplasticity.
Firing clay at elevated temperatures causes it to lose its hydro plasticity by removing the water molecules that allow the particles to move and slide past each other. This results in a more rigid and durable material that is suitable for various applications.
What is Clay?Clay is a naturally occurring material composed of fine particles of minerals such as kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite.
One of the unique properties of clay is its hydroplasticity, which refers to its ability to change shape and form when it comes into contact with water.
When clay is wet, the water molecules fill the spaces between the clay particles, allowing them to slide past each other and become more pliable. This allows the clay to be easily molded into various shapes and forms.
However, when clay is fired at elevated temperatures, the heat causes the water molecules to evaporate, leaving behind a solid mass of mineral particles. The heat also causes the minerals to undergo chemical changes, resulting in the formation of new bonds and the strengthening of existing bonds between the particles.
Read more about hydroplasticity here:
https://brainly.com/question/29345097
#SPJ1
When an electric current flows through a wire with resistance, energy is a. liberated as x-rays b. liberated as heat c. liberated as light
When an electric current flows through a wire with resistance, energy is liberated as heat.
Thus, when a current flows through the resistor, the electrical energy is converted into heat energy. Hence the heat that is generated in the components of the circuit possesses some resistance and is dissipated into the air around the components.
Resistance in a wire causes a hindrance to the flow of electrons, which results in the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy. This thermal energy is then dissipated into the surrounding environment, which can be felt as heat.
To know more about electric current
https://brainly.com/question/2264542?
#SPJ11
tech a says the best way to ensure the torque converter is engaged fully into the pump is to strike the rear of the torque converter with a a hammer in three places. tech b says that the torque converter requires an alignment tool when installing it in the transmission. who is right?
Tech A exists right. Transmission mode refers to the process of moving data from one device to another.
What is meant by transmission?Actually, the act of transmitting involves sending and spreading analog or digital information impulses. Transmission technology primarily refers to responsibilities associated with physical layer protocols, such as line coding, demodulation, and modulation.
The movement of data from one digital device to another is known as data transmission. Through point-to-point data streams or channels, this transmission is carried out.
Transmission mode refers to the process of moving data from one device to another. The communication mode is another name for the transmission mode. Each communication channel has a direction that goes with it, and the direction is provided by the transmission medium.
To learn more about transmission refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/14280351
#SPJ4
a rain-slick surface
A rain-slick surface is A: "most slippery at the beginning of a rain".
Rain slippery surfaces or roads can pose hazards to driving. Therefore precautions are necessary to be taken. These are some ways through which accidents on a rain-slick surface can be avoided:
Reduce speed because it takes longer to stop the vehicles on a slippery surface.Avoid sudden moves because they can cause a skid on slippery roads.Use both brakes because, on wet surfaces, the front brake is more effective.Avoid traveling via the worst slippery areas."
Complete question
a rain-slick surface:
A: most slippery at the beginning of a rain
B: most slippery after a rain
"
You can learn more about rain-slick surface at
https://brainly.com/question/14297075
#SPJ4
A "wet" combustion test kit measures which two substances?
A. Soot and carbon monoxide
B. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
C. Carbon monoxide and oxygen
D. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide and oxygen-Incomplete combustion occurs in a coal-fired unit's furnace when insufficient oxygen (O2) is available during fuel combustion.
What is incomplete combustion of coal?The quantity of O2 available for combustion is known as "excess air." Compared to other fuels, coal needs a disproportionately large amount of extra air to burn completely, quickly, and in the furnace. Incomplete combustion produces soot or carbon monoxide when some of the carbon is not fully oxidised (CO). Complete combustion utilises fuel inefficiently and produces harmful levels of carbon monoxide.Inadequate air-fuel mixing, inadequate residence time, insufficient temperature, and little total extra air are the main causes of incomplete combustion. Solid carbon soot particles produced in the fuel-rich zones of the cylinder during combustion are not present in the exhaust of CI engines.To learn more about combustion refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/17049433
#SPJ4
Which of the following Unified Endpoint Management (UEM) features can help an IT administrator manage and administer IT assets? [Choose all that apply] Software deployment Remote management User provisioning License Management Operating system deployment
The following Unified Endpoint Management (UEM) features can help an IT administrator manage and administer IT assets: software deployment, remote management, user provisioning, and license management.
These features allow administrators to efficiently deploy software, remotely manage devices, provision user accounts, and manage software licenses.
Unified Endpoint Management (UEM) is a solution that enables IT administrators to manage and secure a wide range of devices and endpoints from a single console. Among the given features, software deployment is a key UEM capability that allows administrators to distribute and install applications across multiple devices simultaneously. This feature streamlines the deployment process and ensures that all devices are equipped with the necessary software.
Remote management is another important UEM feature that enables administrators to monitor and control endpoints from a centralized location. It provides administrators with the ability to troubleshoot issues, perform updates, and enforce security policies remotely, saving time and resources.
User provisioning is a UEM feature that simplifies the process of creating and managing user accounts on various devices and platforms. Administrators can provision user profiles, set access permissions, and manage user roles and groups, ensuring efficient user management across the organization.
License management is a crucial UEM feature that allows administrators to track and manage software licenses effectively. It helps ensure compliance with licensing agreements, prevents unauthorized software usage, and optimizes license allocation and utilization.
Operating system deployment, although not mentioned in the summary, is not a UEM feature. It typically falls under the domain of Mobile Device Management (MDM) or PC lifecycle management solutions, which focus on deploying and managing operating systems on devices. UEM solutions may integrate with MDM or PC lifecycle management tools to provide comprehensive endpoint management capabilities.
learn more about software licenses here: brainly.com/question/30174221
#SPJ11
After a strong storm, a worker does not realize that a power transmission line has fallen on his car and is electrocuted while opening the car door. What is this an example of?.
Answer:
This is an example of the conduction of electricity through metal. Free moving electrons on the car will conduct a electric field when a voltage is applied to the car; in this case the transmission line, and would flow through the metal to the door handle causing electrocution.
You wonder why Andy acted in this fashion, and you guess that, because the door was unlocked, he must be afraid that someone broke into their home. Which reading strategy did you use to understand the character's behavior? A. Inferring B. Visualizing C. Summarizing D. Asking questions
Answer:
option A. Inferring
Explanation:
inferring/ inference as reading strategy simply is the process by which one uses what he/she knows to make a guess about what you don't know or reading between the lines. Readers in making inferences uses clues found inside text along with their own views or experiences to help them figure out what is not directly said,thereby causing a personal and memorable text. for one to draw an inference from the passage via reading, Identify if its an Inference Question.inferring involves Trusting the Passage or what you are seeing, then you start Hunting for Clues thereafter you Narrow Down the Choices. and then come to a conclusion or Practice.
three condition necessary for the formation of stationary
wave
Answer:
Two waves must be having same wavelength, frequency, amplitude and travelling in the opposite direction.
What happens to the duty cycle for a GMAW Gun when 75Ar/25COzgas
is used instead of a 100% CO shielding gas?
So what happens is the host will not kill the y no se que hacer para no one can see it in
Latane and Dabbs conducted a field experiment in elevators, in which bystanders were presented with an opportunity to help someone in need. This study indicated that help was most frequently offered when the bystander was __________ and the recipient was __________.
Latane and Dabbs' field experiment in elevators, where they investigated the conditions under which bystanders offered help to someone in need.
This study was conducted to examine the "bystander effect," which is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to someone in need when there are other people around. In the experiment, it was found that help was more likely to be offered when there were fewer people present in the elevator (i.e., the bystander was alone or with fewer people), as this reduces the diffusion of responsibility.
Additionally, help was more frequently offered when the person in need showed clear signs of distress, as it made the situation more salient and the need for help more apparent.
To know more about Latane and Dabbs visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/29817234
#SPJ11
what is the condition for sampling frequency to reconstruct the information signal ?
19 Composite materials are
(a) made mainly to improve temperature resistance
() used for improved optical properties
(c) made with strong fibres embedded in weaker and softer matrix to obtain strength better
than strength of matrix
(d) made with strong fibres embedded in weaker and softer matrix to obtain strength better
than strength of both matrix and filler
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
A composite material is made up of two material which have different properties (chemically or physically). The two materials are mixed in such a way that it improves the properties of both the materials (the one in the matrix and the other in the filler) thereby enhancing the overall strength and stiffness of the matrix.
Hence, option D is correct
A correct option is an option (c)
Composite materials:The main advantage of the composite is there higher strength as compared to the matrix.
The strength is very low as compared to the resultant composite and the fiber.
The resultant strength can be calculated in two direction
The longitudinal way is,
\(E=V_mE_m+V_fE_f...(1)\)
The transversal way is,
\(\frac{1}{E}=\frac{V_m}{E_m}+\frac{V_f}{E_f} ...(2)\)
From equations (1) and (2) we get,
\(E_m < E < E_f\)
So, mode with strong fibers embedded in a weaker and softer matrix to obtain strength better than the strength of the matrix.
Learn more about the topic Composite materials:
https://brainly.com/question/18218822
Assuming 100 percent efficiency, calculate the hp output of a
3-phase 480V induction motor drawing 30A at 0.8pf.
a. 33.43
b. 52.39
c. 26.75
d. 15.44
Given that the 3-phase 480V induction motor is drawing 30A at 0.8pf, and assuming 100 percent efficiency, we have to calculate the hp output of the motor.
So,First, we need to calculate the active power of the motor.
Active power is given by the formula,
P = V x I x pf
where,
P = Active power in watts (W)
V = Voltage in volts (V)
I = Current in amperes (A)
pf = power factor
We are given that
V = 480 V,
I = 30 A and
pf = 0.8.
Substituting these values in the formula, we get:
P = 480 x 30 x 0.8= 11520 W= 11.52 kW
Nex, we have to calculate the hp output of the motor.
To know more about induction visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32376115
#SPJ11
What steps should be taken to evaluate the team member's level of competence What method did you use to resolve this problem if you somehow didn't receive the desired expertise?
The steps that should be taken to evaluate the team member's level of competence are:
A self assessment testAn assessor kind of review. Know development needs. An on as well as off job learning.Put the team In Real scenario.Ask for any form of Clients' Feedback.The method that I will use to resolve this problem if you somehow didn't receive the desired expertise is to ask a person from my team to teach me how to do it as well as consult external people or the internet.
Why is team competence crucial?Long used as a framework, competencies help direct employees' behavior toward the issues that are most important to an organization and contribute to success.
Therefore, They can offer a standard method to coordinate, pick out, and nurture talent. For workers, as well as managers, and ultimately the organization, the advantages are obvious.
Learn more about competence from
https://brainly.com/question/26437783
#SPJ1
What is the location of the CG if 60 pounds are removed from Station 70? Total weight 8,420 lb. CG location Station 85. a. 85.1. b. 84.9. c. 84.1
Center of gravity, or CG, is defined as the point in an object where the mass is evenly distributed. It is important to know the location of the CG because it has an impact on the stability and balance of the object. In aviation, the CG of an aircraft is a critical factor that affects the performance and safety of the flight.
In this case, we have the following information:
Weight (W) = 8,420 lb
CG location (CG) = Station 85
Simplifying the equation:
717,700 + 4,200 = 8,360 × CG3
721,900 = 8,360 × CG3
CG3 = 721,900 / 8,360
CG3 = 86.3
Therefore, the new CG location after removing 60 pounds from Station 70 is Station 86.3. The answer is not given in the choices, but it is closer to option (a) than the other two.
To know more about gravity visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31321801
#SPJ11
Standards relating to technical drawing
Answer:
Borders, Dimensions Identified, Scale, Text Box with Date/Author/Title/Version Number
Explanation:
Technical drawings have many standards in order to maintain integrity and ensure that they can be used by engineers to produce what is mapped out in the drawing.
Every technical drawing needs to have borders and a text box with all information related to the drawing. This includes the date it was created, date it was updated, version number, title, and author.
Furthermore, each drawing should have necessary dimensions with a scale. At the same time, technical drawings should not be over-dimensioned or repetitive.
All of these things must be on a technical drawing to allow professional engineers to sign off on drawings.