Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease in which blood vessels can become blocked. How does
atherosclerosis affect blood flow?
a. blood flow is not related to vessel diameter
b. blood flow increases as vessel diameter decreases
c. blood flow decreases as vessel diameter decreases
d. blood flow is remains constant as vessel diameter changes

It is determined by the equation density = mass/volume (density = mass/volume). So, if you know a substance's mass and density, you can calculate its volume by dividing the mass by the density (volume = mass/density).

No matter how much kids weigh—100, 50, 25 mL, or anything else—water has a constant density of 1 g/cm3.

100 grams make up 100 milliliters of water. The mass of a volume of water can be easily calculated because one gram equals one milliliter of water.

The capacity of an object is expressed in terms of volume. A cup's capacity is said to be 100 ml, for instance, if it can hold 100 ml of water in its brim. The quantity of space a three-dimensional item takes up can also be referred to as volume.

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Peptide growth factors act through receptor tyrosine kinases types of signal receptors. Peptide growth factors are substances that control cell growth and differentiation in multicellular organisms.

Peptide growth factors stimulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, and are essential for the growth and maintenance of normal tissues. Increased cellular proliferation, a fundamental feature of cancer, has been linked to increased peptide growth factor synthesis and release by the host. Peptide growth factor receptors are a vital component of the intracellular signaling systems that control gene expression and cell behavior in response to various extracellular stimuli. Receptor tyrosine kinases have intracellular tyrosine kinase activity, which is activated when peptide growth factors bind to the extracellular domain of the receptor.

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In order to determine the mechanism that dominates the membrane stiffness, we have to calculate the Young’s modulus of the nitride layer and the built-in tensile stress. Young's modulus, also known as the modulus of elasticity, is the ratio of stress to strain for a given material under tension or compression.

It is denoted by E and is measured in pascals (Pa).Young's modulus can be calculated using the following formula:

E = σ / ε

Where E is the Young's modulus, σ is the stress, and ε is the strain. Since the thickness of the nitride layer is 200 nm and the built-in tensile stress is 10 MPa, we can calculate the Young's modulus of the nitride layer using the following formula:

E = σ / ε = (10 × 10^6) / (200 × 10^-9) = 50 × 10^9 Pa

The plate term is given by the following formula:

k = (π^2 × E × t^3) / (12 × (1-ν^2) × a^3)

Where k is the stiffness of the membrane, E is the Young's modulus of the nitride layer, t is the thickness of the nitride layer, ν is the Poisson's ratio of the nitride layer, and a is the length of the membrane. We can calculate the plate term using the following values:

k_plate = (π^2 × 50 × 10^9 × (200 × 10^-9)^3) / (12 × (1-0.24^2) × (100 × 10^-6)^3) = 0.113 N/m

The built-in tensile stress term is given by the following formula:

k_tensile = (σ^2 × t^3) / (12 × E)

Where k is the stiffness of the membrane, σ is the built-in tensile stress, t is the thickness of the nitride layer, and E is the Young's modulus of the nitride layer. We can calculate the built-in tensile stress term using the following values:

k_tensile = (10 × 10^6)^2 × (200 × 10^-9)^3 / (12 × 50 × 10^9) = 0.333 N/m

Since the built-in tensile stress term is larger than the plate term, we can conclude that the mechanism that dominates the membrane stiffness is the built-in tensile stress term.

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Answer: a scientist who knows to check the dna

Explanation:

Because in your dna there are 46 nucleus in which 23 are mothers and another 23 are fathers so by checking mr a and mr b dna you can find out

The gland that is responsible for the secretion of alkaline fluid that neutralizes acid chyme coming from the stomach is Brunner's gland. Option a is correct.

Brunner's gland is a glandular organ located in the duodenum. It secretes an alkaline fluid, which is a digestive juice that neutralizes the acidic chyme coming from the stomach to the duodenum's pH. Its pH is regulated by the secretion of bicarbonate ions, which neutralize stomach acid entering the duodenum. The gland is located in the submucosa of the duodenum.

These glands are named after the Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Brunner, who discovered them in 1685. The secretion of this gland plays a critical role in maintaining the pH of the chyme coming from the stomach. Option a is correct.

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Answer:

they have cytoplasm, DNA, and mitochondria.

Answer:

a molecule

hope you get a good grade!

A molecule is the smallest part of a chemical compound that has all the properties of that compound. So, the correct option is C.

According to the context, the word may or may not include ions that meet this requirement. A molecule is a collection of at least two atoms held together by the force of attraction known as chemical bonds.

Until parts consisting of single molecules are reached, the division of a sample of a material into progressively smaller parts does not result in a change either in its composition or its chemical properties.

One or even more atoms make up molecules. They may have the same atoms (for example, an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different atoms if they have more than one (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules like DNA and proteins can include thousands of atoms.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Answer:A

Explanation:

The current planetary positions can be determined by astronomers and scientists who use telescopes and other instruments to observe the planets and track their movements.

In addition, software programs and online tools can be used to generate simulations of the current planetary positions and predict their movements in the future.

It is important to note that the planetary positions are not fixed and are constantly changing due to the gravitational influences of the Sun and other planets. This means that the current planetary positions will be different from those observed in the past, and they will also be different from those observed in the future.

The positions of the planets in our solar system are constantly changing due to their movements around the Sun. At any given moment, the planets are located at specific points in their orbits, and their positions can be determined using astronomical observations and mathematical calculations.

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Monolithic systems have a single kernel with tightly integrated components, microkernels have minimal services in the kernel, and hybrid kernels strike a balance by incorporating some non-essential services in the kernel.

Monolithic systems, microkernels, and hybrid kernels are different approaches to designing operating systems. In a monolithic system, the entire operating system is contained within a single large kernel. This means that all services, device drivers, and system functions are tightly integrated, resulting in efficient communication but limited modularity and scalability.

Microkernels, on the other hand, follow a minimalist approach. They only include essential services in the kernel, such as process scheduling and inter-process communication, while other services run as separate user-level processes. This design promotes modularity, fault isolation, and extensibility, but communication between components can be slower due to the need for message passing.

Hybrid kernels attempt to strike a balance between the two. They incorporate some non-essential services in the kernel for performance reasons, but still provide a modular design. This compromises some of the advantages of pure microkernels but aims to achieve better performance than monolithic systems while maintaining modularity and isolation to a certain extent.

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Answer:

if purple is the dominant allele (P) and white is the recessive allele (p) then it would be possible if both parents had the genotype Pp, then it would be possible for both parents to pass on the recessive gene (p) and have offspring with white flowers

Explanation:

DNA-DNA hybridization is a technique that allows the identification and comparison of DNA sequences by measuring the degree of complementary base pairing between two DNA molecules.

DNA-DNA hybridization is a fundamental technique in molecular biology used to determine the similarity between two DNA sequences. It involves the denaturation of double-stranded DNA into single strands, followed by the reannealing of these strands to form hybrid DNA molecules. The degree of hybridization is dependent on the extent of sequence complementarity between the two DNA samples. By labeling one of the DNA samples, the hybridized molecules can be detected and quantified, providing information about the genetic relatedness or similarity between the two samples. This technique has various applications, such as genetic fingerprinting, species identification, evolutionary studies, and detecting genetic variations or mutations.

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Answer:

C. For artificial selection to work, only the strong survive to reproduce .

Explanation:

The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with the hydrophilic portion facing the extracellular surface and the hydrophobic portion forming the interior portion.

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a vital component of all living cells. It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The primary structural component of the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer.

Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, meaning they have both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) regions. Each phospholipid molecule consists of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. The hydrophilic head contains a phosphate group and is attracted to water, while the hydrophobic tails are composed of fatty acid chains and repel water.

In the cell membrane, phospholipids arrange themselves in a bilayer formation. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids are oriented towards the aqueous extracellular environment and the cytoplasmic (intracellular) environment, allowing them to interact with water molecules. The hydrophobic tails, on the other hand, are oriented towards the interior of the membrane, shielded from the surrounding water.

This phospholipid bilayer structure provides the cell membrane with its fundamental properties. The hydrophilic heads face the extracellular surface and the cytoplasmic interior, forming the outer and inner surfaces of the membrane. The hydrophobic tails are sandwiched in between, creating a hydrophobic barrier that prevents the free movement of polar molecules and ions across the membrane.

The arrangement of the phospholipid bilayer allows the cell membrane to maintain its integrity while still being flexible and dynamic. It provides stability to the cell and serves as a platform for various proteins and other molecules that are embedded within or associated with the membrane.

In summary, the cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, with the hydrophilic portion of the phospholipids forming the extracellular surface and the cytoplasmic surface, while the hydrophobic portion forms the interior portion of the membrane. This unique structure enables the cell membrane to regulate the passage of substances and maintain cellular homeostasis.

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The use of biotechnology necessary concerning the creation of new vaccine for Hepatitis B is the expectations of public health benefit for low- and middle-income countries with the needs for commercial profitability on the one hand.

A significant turning point in the development of biotechnology and the system for vaccine creation was the licensure of a number of recombinant hepatitis B vaccines starting in 1986. In this paper, we demonstrate how a political and economic environment that newly encouraged the commercialization of scholarly research, including the appropriation and management of intellectual property, shaped the early development of the hepatitis B vaccines. We also clarify the varying interests and drivers that encouraged new biotechnology companies and established pharmaceutical businesses to invest in developing recombinant vaccines specifically against hepatitis B.

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1. Based on the Punnett square, the number of short-haired offspring and long-haired offspring can be determined by counting the respective combinations of alleles.

2. There is a possibility of pure breed (homozygous) short-haired offspring in the cross if both parent organisms contribute the short-haired allele.

1. Based on the Punnett square, we can determine the potential number of short-haired and long-haired offspring. Let's assume that "S" represents the dominant allele for short hair and "s" represents the recessive allele for long hair. If both parents are heterozygous (Ss), the Punnett square would look like this:

S        s

S SS Ss

s Ss ss

From the Punnett square, we can see that there are three possible genotypes: SS, Ss, and ss. The SS and Ss genotypes correspond to short-haired offspring, while the ss genotype corresponds to long-haired offspring.

Therefore, based on the Punnett square, 75% of the offspring (3 out of 4) may be short-haired, while 25% of the offspring (1 out of 4) may be long-haired.

2. There will not be a pure breed (homozygous) short-haired offspring in this cross. A pure breed (homozygous) short-haired offspring would have the genotype SS. However, in the given cross, both parents are heterozygous (Ss). This means that each parent carries one copy of the dominant allele (S) and one copy of the recessive allele (s).

When the parents are crossed, the possible genotypes of the offspring are SS, Ss, and ss. As we can see from the Punnett square, the genotype SS is not possible as there is no parent that contributes the recessive allele (s) to create a homozygous short-haired offspring.

Therefore, all the short-haired offspring in this cross will be heterozygous (Ss), carrying one copy of the dominant allele (S) and one copy of the recessive allele (s).

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false gender is just an expression

Answer: Thermal

Explanation: Process of elimination, no chemical reaction, or mechanical or nuclear.

Radiation transfers heat from the sun to the land surface, while conduction transfers heat from the land surface to the atmosphere." Option A

Radiation is what allows heat from the Sun to reach Earth through space, and the Earth's surface then absorbs this heat.

The Earth's surface, in turn, releases this heat back into the lower atmosphere, and this heat is transferred upwards largely through conduction and convection.

Therefore  radiation transfers heat from the sun to the Earth's surface, while conduction transfers heat from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

No, The Florida Everglades is not the only place on earth in which both alligators and crocodiles coexist.

Both alligators and crocodiles are found in various countries and regions around the world. Some other places where alligators and crocodiles coexist are: Coastal regions of southeastern USA (Georgia, South Carolina, and Louisiana), The Caribbean and Central America, Mexico and parts of South America, India and Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania, Africa. Also, the alligator and crocodile belong to two different families of reptiles. The alligator belongs to the Alligatoridae family while the crocodile belongs to the Crocodylidae family. The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) and the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) are the two species that are present in the Florida Everglades. The Florida Everglades is known as one of the largest and most unique ecosystems in the world. However, the presence of alligators and crocodiles is not unique to this ecosystem.

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Both neurotoxins and enterotoxins can disrupt the digestive system. Cytotoxins harm several cell types by disrupting cellular processes or lysing cells. superantigens (Type I toxins), exotoxins (Type II toxins) that disrupt the membranes of host cells, A-B toxins, and other toxins that impair host cell function (Type III toxins).

By causing cell death or obstructing normal cellular metabolism, an exotoxin can cause injury to the host. They are extremely strong and capable of causing the host tremendous harm. Exotoxins, like endotoxins, can leak during cell lysis or can be secreted.

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Answer:

It is the bottom layer.

Explanation:

you would expect the marine organism to go extinct before it evolved because the deeper the layer, the older the fossil

Answer:

Deep Ocean Trenches, Volcanic Island Arcs and mountains

Explanation:

At a convergent plate boundary two plates collides with one another. Based on the type of plate, different features can form at such a margin.

Answer:

The initial observation was that Gary was giving off a nasty slime and a stinking odor, which is slimotosis.

The independent variable was the treatment: rubbing seaweed on the Gary's shell and drinking Dr. Kelp.

The dependent variable was the amount of slime and the odor.

Spongebob's conclusion should be that the treatment worked but it is uncertain which treatment cured Gary because they were being tested at the same time.

The basic unit of the nervous system is a nerve cell, or neuron. The human brain contains about 100 billion neurons. A neuron has a cell body, which includes the cell nucleus, and special extensions called axons and dendrites.

please mark brainliest.

The functional cell of the nervous system is neurons.

The nervous system is the main controlling system of the living body. It consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system.

Neurons are the cells of the nervous system. The cells are branch-like structures like the roots of a plant, they contain absorb the information using electrical impulses and transport it into different areas of the brain.

The central nervous system contains the brain and the hypothalamus, and the peripheral nervous system contains all the neuron cells. The neuron cells' function in the peripheral system is to collect the signals and information and to send it to the central number system, which contains the brain for processing.

Therefore, neurons are the functional cell of the nervous system.

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