Based on the knowledge you have gathered this week, answer the following questions: 1. (1 Point) What do you observe about the microbial diversity in patients versus donors? 2. (1 point) What do you observe about the microbial diversity in patients before and after treatment? 3. (1 point) What can you infer about how the FMT works? 4. (2 points) Based on your answer to part c, why can't the donor fecal material be sterilized? 5. (5 points) Based on the data presented, what treatment do you encourage your friend's mother to choose? Explain your answer.
Answers
FMT has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated. While antibiotics also have a high success rate, they can have negative side effects and can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
1. Microbial diversity in patients vs donors: In general, patients tend to have lower microbial diversity compared to healthy donors. Donors usually have a more diverse and balanced microbiota, which is important for maintaining good health.
2. Microbial diversity in patients before and after treatment: After treatment, patients usually show an increase in microbial diversity. This improvement in diversity is often associated with positive health outcomes and reduced symptoms of the condition being treated.
3. Inference about how FMT works: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) works by transferring beneficial microbes from a healthy donor's fecal material to a patient's gut. This helps to restore the patient's gut microbiota, leading to increased microbial diversity and improved health.
4. Reason why donor fecal material can't be sterilized: Sterilizing the donor fecal material would eliminate the beneficial microbes that are essential for a successful FMT. The presence of these live microbes is crucial for restoring the patient's gut microbiota and improving their health.
5. Treatment recommendation: Based on the data presented, I would encourage your friend's mother to choose Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) as a treatment option. This is because FMT has been shown to be effective in increasing microbial diversity and improving health outcomes for various conditions.
By choosing FMT, your friend's mother could potentially see improvements in her health through the restoration of diverse and balanced gut microbiota.
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Related Questions
Neptune has a turbulent atmosphere, which changes the planet's
appearance.
A-True
B -False
Answers
Neptune has a turbulent atmosphere that changes the appearance of the planet.
Can someone help me please ASAP
Answers
Answer:
mechanical weathering:
ice wedging: does not change rocks composition: abrasion
chemical weathering:
oxidation: changes rocks composition: acid rain
Oxidation = Chemical weathering
Abrasion = Mechanical weathering
Changes rock composition = Chemical weathering
Acid rain = Chemical weathering
Ice wedging = Mechanical weathering
Each lunar cycle has one full moon, in which the relative positions of Earth, the sun, and the moon form a straight line. Which list represents the positions of Earth, the sun, and the moon during a full moon?
Group of answer choices
Answers
Answer:
The moon is on the opposite side of earth as compared to the sun
Explanation:
It reflects the suns light like a mirror onto earth and also you should know this
Answer:
When Earth, the sun, and the moon align to form a right angle, which type of tides takes place?
Explanation:
Why is water harder in certain regions of the world than in others?
Answers
What are the main composition classes of asteroids? What are the characteristics of each type of class?
PS* SCIENCE
Answers
The main composition classes of asteroids are Type C, Type S, and Type M asteroids.
What are the main composition classes of asteroids?Asteroids are rocky remains found in different locations in our solar system, most of which will be found orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter. Within the classes of asteroids that exist, the main ones will be three:
- Type C asteroids: these are the most common and will be formed by clay and silicate.
- Type S asteroids: these will be formed by nickel, iron and silicate.
- Type M asteroids: with metallic composition, formed by nickel and iron.
These differences that exist in the asteroids are due to their proximity to the sun, some exposed to the high temperatures of the sun will melt from the center thanks to the iron.
Therefore, we can confirm that the main classes of asteroids that exist are type C, type M and type S.
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Where did the scientists who contributed to our scientific knowledge live?
Answers
The scientists those who contributed to scientific knowledge come from any part of the world.
What does a scientist do?The person who systematically collects and applies research and evidence in order to form hypotheses and test them for gaining and sharing the understanding and knowledge is a scientist.
They are not particularly present in a certain area. They can be from any part of the world either it can be small region or developed region.
Thus, it can be concluded that the scientists those contributed to the scientific knowledge come from all parts of the world.
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What do cells. Need to do between divisons to make sure that s full set of dna gets passed on to each daughter cell
Answers
Answer:
the dna must be copied
Explanation:
have a nice day
Answer:
The cell needs to replicate itself and the DNA must be copied for a full set to be passed onto the daughter cell.
Explanation:
the equilibrium potential for potassium is about -90 mv. if potassium channels remained open and all other ion channels were closed, the voltage inside a neuron would be
Answers
The voltage inside a neuron would be about +66mV.
Voltage-gated potassium ions (VGKC) are membrane channels that are responsible for repolarizing the depolarized cell after each nervous impulse. As a result, they play a key role in modifying neuronal activity in the CNS and the peripheral nervous system.
The potassium channels with two pore domains are made up of a dimer of protein, each with four transmembrane segments. These 'leaky channels' are always open, contributing to the plasma membrane's substantially increased permeability to K+.
Potassium channels participate in membrane repolarization, which occurs after depolarization by sodium and, in certain circumstances, calcium channels during in the nerve impulse; this is required for restoring the membranes to a negative resting state and terminating the action potential signal.
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help me please i don’t understand!! i’ll mark you brainlylist
Answers
Answer:
The answer would be B.
Explanation:
Which structure is present during cell division in plant cells that is not present in animal cells?
Answers
Answer:
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Large Vaculoe
Explanation:
None of these are found in an animal cell.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?a. Dominant alleles are the expressed form of a character, where the recessive allele ia the trait hat ia not expressed.b. Recessive alleles are always expressed, while the dominant allele is notc. Both dominant and recessive alleles are always expressed equallyd. When a dominant allele is expressed, no recessive alleles can be present
Answers
The difference between dominant and recessive alleles is that dominant alleles are the expressed form of a character, whereas the recessive allele is the trait that is not expressed.
An allele is an alternative form of a gene that occurs at the same position on a chromosome. Alleles are responsible for different traits such as hair color, eye color, and blood type.
Each individual has two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype (physical appearance) when present in an organism's genotype (genetic makeup). It means that if an organism has at least one dominant allele, the dominant trait will be expressed.
For instance, brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. Therefore, if an individual has a dominant allele for brown eyes, their eyes will be brown.
Recessive alleles are not expressed in the phenotype if present with a dominant allele. Recessive alleles are expressed only in homozygous individuals when there are no dominant alleles present.
For example, if an individual has a recessive allele for blue eyes and a dominant allele for brown eyes, their eyes will be brown since the dominant trait will be expressed.
Dominant and recessive alleles are inherited following the principles of Mendelian inheritance. If an individual receives two dominant alleles or one dominant and one recessive allele for a particular trait, the dominant trait will be expressed in the phenotype.
However, if an individual receives two recessive alleles for a particular trait, the recessive trait will be expressed in the phenotype.
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Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________.
a. diphasic impulses
b. large nerve fibers
c. erratic transmission of nerve impulses
d. the myelin sheath
Answers
Answer:
myelinating Schwann cells
Explanation:
In the peripheral nervous system, saltatory conduction is made possible by a series of morphologically and molecularly distinct subdomains in both axons and their associated myelinating Schwann cells.
kallman syndrome is a disease in which gonadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons fail to migrate from the olfactory area to the hypothalamus during embryonic development. which endocrine axis is disrupted in individuals with kallman syndrome?
Answers
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is released by the hypothalamus, thyroid stimulating hormone is released by the pituitary, and thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are released by the thyroid gland. Individuals with Kallman Syndrome will have a disruption in this endocrine axis.
Kallmann Syndrome is characterized by delayed or absent puberty as well as a poor sense of smell. This condition is a type of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which is caused by a lack of product of certain hormones that regulate sexual development. These hormones are typically produced in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain. Males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism constantly have a undescended testes( cryptorchidism). Most affected individualities don't develop secondary coitus characteristics during puberty, similar as facial hair growth and voice heightening in males, the launch of yearly ages( period) and bone development in ladies, and a growth spurt in both relations.
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1. Yeast breaks down glucose into and carbon dioxide.
2. The is the largest gland in the human body.
3. The stage in which caterpillar spins fine silk filament around it to form cocoon is _
_
4. Tearing of paper Change.
5. It is a current carrying coil of an insulated wire wrapped around a piece of iron. It is called a/an _
6. The outer coarse hair of sheep is known as __________
Q. II. Choose the correct answer. (7 x 1 = 7 marks)
7. Depositing a layer of zinc on iron is called
(a) Galvanization (b) Crystallization (c) Sublimation (d) Layering
8. Which of the following is not digested by humans?
(a) Protein (b) Fats (c) Glucose (d) Cellulose
9. Another name of B-horizon is
(a) Topsoil (b) Parent rock (c) Subsoil (d) Bedrock
10. Pranati has set up a circuit as shown below. Which of the following should she put in the blank
box marked X to make the bulb glow more brightly?
(a)Bulb (b) Cell (c) Key (d)Wire
11. Observe the given figure. What do you conclude from this?
(a) Reduced air pressure can lift objects. (b) High wind speed reduces air pressure.
(c) Air expands on heating. (d) Atmospheric pressure increases with a decrease in temperature.
12. Electric bell is based on ____________principle.
a) motion b) electromagnetism c) electric circuit d) magnetic device
13. The acid present in the stomach
a) kills the harmful bacteria that may enter along with the food.
b) protects the stomach lining from harmful substances.
c) digests starch into simple sugars.
d) makes the medium alkaline.
Q. III. Match the following. (6 x1 = 6 marks)
Column A Column B
14. Magnetic effect of current a. Wind carrying water
15. Farming & gardening b. Operculum
16. Monsoon c. Cutaneous
17. Earthworm d. Oersted
18. Fish e. Funnel shaped
19. Cyclone f. Loamy soil
Q. IV. State whether the given sentence is True or False. (6 x1 = 6 marks)
20. The solution in which no more solute can be dissolved is called super saturated solution
21. 17. Air moves from a region of lower air pressure to a region of higher air pressure.
22. The distance-time graph for non-uniform motion is a straight line.
23. During heavy exercise the breathing rate of a person slows down.
24. The largest chamber of a ruminant stomach is rumen.
25. Sandy soil has 60% clay and 10% sand.
Q. V. Name the following and Label the parts in the diagram given below. (5 x1 = 5 marks)
26.
SECTION B
Q.VI,Answer the following in one or two sentences ( 5x 2= 10 marks)
27. Physical change can be reversible as well as irreversible. Explain both conditions with one example
for each.
28. What is mean by percolation rate of a soil? How we can determine the percolation rate of a given
soil?
29. Arun made an electromagnet by winding 50 turns of wire over an iron screw. Raj also made an
electromagnet by winding 100 turns over a similar iron screw. Which electromagnet will attract
more pins? Give reason.
30. Give the names of three leguminous plants.
31. Where does exchange of gases take place in lungs?
Q VII. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences ( 5 x 3= 15 marks)
32. Differentiate physical change and Chemical changes with one help for each.
33. What is soil profile? Write the names various horizons of soil with the help of a neat labeled
diagram.
34. With the help of neat labelled diagrams, explain open and closed circuit.
35. Explain the formation of cyclone.
36. Briefly explain the process of digestion in Amoeba.
37. Distinguish aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration.
Q. VIII. Answer in detail. (5 x 5 = 25 marks)
38. The decomposition of animal waste by anaerobic bacteria produces biogas (change A). The biogas is
then burnt fuel (change B). What are the similarities between two changes.
39. a) What is soil erosion?
b) Mention any two causes of soil erosion.
c) Suggest any four measures to prevent soil erosion.
40. Explain the formation of thunderstorm. List some precautions to be taken during a thunderstorm.
41. a) Explain uniform and non-uniform motion with an example.
b) How the time period of a pendulum be increased or decreased?
42. a) Explain the factors on which the heating effect of electric current depends?
b) Prove with the help of an activity that an electric current can deflect the needle of a magnetic compass
Biology,chemistry,physics
I will mark as brainleast
Answers
Answer:
would you mind asking one question at a time
Answer:
ATPLiverPupaa physical change that cannot be reversed because there is no alteration in the chemical composition of paperElectromagnet.Beard hair(a) galvanisation(d) cellulose(c) subsoil(b) cell(d) Atmospheric pressure increases with a decrease in temperature.b) electromagnetisma) kills the harmful bacteria that may enter along with the food.Can the effects of UV light on folate explain the full variation of human skin color that exists among human populations today? Explain your reasoning
Answers
Human skin colour is due to a pigment called melanin. The melanin pigment is present in outer layer of skin cells. UV light causes increase in production of melanin resulting in darker skin shade.
Why the human skin colour varies?UV radiation can cause photolysis of folate. This can lower the level of folate. If the level of melanin increase, it will stop the breakdown of folate. This will result in variation of colour in high intensive UV areas.
Thus, it can be concluded that increased UV radiation can cause variation in human skin colour.
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Name the 3 states of energy from greatest to least energy.
Answers
Answer:
Solid particles have the least amount of energy, and gas particles have the greatest amount of energy.
Explanation:
incremental cost-effectiveness analysis of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor in colombia
Answers
An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted in Colombia to evaluate the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations.
The study compared the costs and outcomes of TKI treatment with standard chemotherapy. The analysis considered the incremental costs associated with TKIs and the incremental effectiveness in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
The results indicated that TKIs were associated with higher costs compared to chemotherapy but provided additional clinical benefits in terms of improved PFS and OS. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated to assess the additional cost required to gain an additional unit of effectiveness.
This analysis provides valuable information for healthcare decision-makers in Colombia when considering the use of TKIs for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
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Answer the guiding question in 4 - 6 sentences (What is “DNA Forensics” and how is it used?). Use the vocabulary from the previous pages and the optional sentence frames below in your answer.
Answers
DNA forensics: The use of DNA technology and DNA genetics expertise in forensic medicine and the practice of legal medicine.
UseDNA from crime scenes, such as blood or hair, can be compared to samples of suspects' DNA by forensic scientists. The possibility of eliminating that suspect exists if there is no match. Police are probably going to want to check more closely if there is a match.Because no two people have the same autosomal DNA (apart from identical twins), autosomal DNA is largely employed in criminal investigations. Examining DNA found in chromosomes that determine sex, however, can be quite useful during analysis in some circumstances, such as sexual assault.For more information on DNA forensics kindly visit to
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The field of biology that studies the diversity of organisms and
their evolutionary relationships is called systematics.
Select one:
True
False
.......................................................
Answers
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
The process through which individuals are better adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the species is called?
A. natural Selection
B. artificial Selection
C. mutation
D. overproduction
Answers
Hope this helps I took bio ;)
List all 3 parts to Cell Theory
Answers
2. These cells are the basic unit structure and organization in a organism.
3. All cells come from other pre-existing cells.
Match each term about wind erosion and deposition with its description.
abrasion
a deposit of fine, mineral-rich soil that is
good for agriculture
deflation
sand deposited against an obstruction
sand dune
the process by which wind moves particles
that are loose
the process by which wind wears down
solid objects
loess
Answers
loess - a deposit of fine, mineral-rich soil that is good for agriculture
deflation - the process by which wind moves particles that are loose
sand dune - sand deposited against an obstruction
abrasion - the process by which wind wears down solid objects
Plz mark brainliest :)
Answer:
abrasion- the process by which wind wears down solid objects.
sand dune- sand deposited against an obstruction.
deflation- the process by which wind moves particles that are loose.
loess- a deposit of fine, mineral-rich soil that is good for agriculture.
Explanation:
edge 2020
1. draw an rna nucleotide and a dna nucleotide, highlighting the differences. how is the structure of rna similar to that of dna? how is it different? 2. what are the major classes of cellular rna?
Answers
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.
What is a nucleotide?An RNA nucleotide is composed of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil. A DNA nucleotide is composed of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. The similarities between RNA and DNA nucleotides include the presence of a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The differences include the type of sugar (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA) and the type of nitrogenous base (uracil in RNA and thymine in DNA). The structure of RNA is similar to that of DNA in that they both are composed of nucleotides joined together by phosphodiester bonds to form a polynucleotide chain. However, RNA is usually single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded. Additionally, RNA can fold into complex three-dimensional structures, while DNA typically forms a double helix.Classes of cellular RNAThere are three major classes of cellular RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is used to synthesize proteins. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. rRNA is a component of the ribosome and is involved in the process of protein synthesis.learn more about the role of nucleotides
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Which biotic factor likely limits the abundance of the plant life and mountainous environments
Answers
Answer:
The amount of food and water
Explanation:
A student builds a plant cell model by arranging different foods in a bowl. In this cell model, what do the different pieces of food represent?
A.substances that the cell consumes
B.structures that perform different cell activities
C.tissues that are formed by different cells
D.configuration of parts during cell division
Answers
Answer:
its a thing
Explanation:
The study of the cell is called cell biology.
The correct answer to the question is option B that is structures that perform different cell activities
What is Cell division?The formation of a new cell from the old cell is called cell division.
According to the question, the different food particles represent the cell organelles that perform the cell's different activities.
Hence, the correct answer to the question is option B.
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Does the moon rotate? If so, which time frame below correctly identifies the amount of time the moon takers to make one, complete rotation.
Answers
Answer:
D} Yes, it takes about one earth month.
Explanation:
The Moon does spin on its axis a rotation once every 27 days so if theirs 29-31 days in each month it would be almost one earth moth so there for its D.
{Hope this helps} : )
What would happen to the concentrations of ATP, NADPH and Sugars if PSII stopped working? Would it decrease, increase or stay the same? (Urgent!)
ATP
NADPH
Sugars
Answers
A horticulturist is investigating the relationship between the height of tomato plants and the amount of fertilizer and wants to predict height based upon fertilizer amounts. He plants 30 tomato plants in similar conditions with varying fertilizer amounts (in ounces) and measures their height (in inches) after four-months. What are the error degrees of freedom? Select one:
O 30
O 28
O 29
O 27
Answers
The horticulturist is investigating the relationship between the height of tomato plants and the amount of fertilizer and wants to predict height based upon fertilizer amounts.
He plants 30 tomato plants in similar conditions with varying fertilizer amounts (in ounces) and measures their height (in inches) after four-months. The error degrees of freedom is 28.Here's how you can calculate the error degrees of freedom for this particular case:Degrees of freedom (df) = n − kwhere,n = the total number of observationsk = the number of predictor variables
We know that there are 30 tomato plants and one predictor variable (fertilizer amount) was used.
Therefore, k = 1.
Substituting the values into the formula, we get:
df = n - k
= 30 - 1
= 29
Therefore, the error degrees of freedom is 29. Thus, the correct option is O 29.
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Which four of the following are major types of cloning vectors?CosmidsTransposable elementsBacteriophagesArtificial chromosomesOperonsPlasmids
Answers
Four major types of cloning vectors are cosmids, bacteriophages, artificial chromosomes, and plasmids. Cosmids are hybrid plasmid-bacteriophage vectors that can carry larger fragments of DNA .
than traditional plasmids. Bacteriophages are viruses that can infect bacteria and be used as vectors to introduce foreign DNA into bacterial cells. Artificial chromosomes, such as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), are designed to mimic the natural chromosomes found in organisms and can carry large fragments of DNA. Plasmids are circular pieces of DNA that are commonly used as vectors in genetic engineering experiments due to their small size, ease of manipulation, and ability to replicate independently. Transposable elements and operons are not typically considered major types of cloning vectors.
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What class of mutations do you think would be less likely to lead to cf? explain your reasoning
Answers
Class IV and Class V mutations would be less likely to lead to Cystic Fibrosis (CF).
Class IV mutation or Conduction mutation involves reduced chloride conductance. It changes the shape of the protein channel so that chloride cannot move easily in and out of the cells. Less than 3% of people with cystic fibrosis in Europe have this type of mutation.
Class V or Insufficient Protein mutation is associated with reduced protein levels. It results in a reduction in the amount of CFTR protein produced by the cells. Less than 3% of people with cystic fibrosis in Europe have this type of mutation.
These two classes of mutations cause a milder reduction in CFTR function.
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