below what temperature does the following reaction become nonspontaneous? 2 hno3(aq) no(g) → 3 no2(g) h2o(l) δh = 136.5 kj; δs = 287.5 j/k
Answers
The reaction becomes nonspontaneous below a certain temperature, which can be determined by analyzing the thermodynamic parameters is 0.47 kelvin.
The spontaneity of a reaction can be determined by evaluating the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), which is given by the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. In this equation, T represents temperature in Kelvin. If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous, and if ΔG is positive, the reaction is nonspontaneous.
To find the temperature at which the reaction becomes nonspontaneous, we need to set ΔG equal to zero and solve for T. Rearranging the equation gives T = ΔH/ΔS.
Given the values, ΔH = 136.5 kJ and ΔS = 287.5 J/K, we can substitute these values into the equation to calculate the temperature T. It's important to convert ΔH to J (136.5 kJ = 136,500 J) to maintain consistent units.
T=136.5/287.5
=0.47
By dividing ΔH by ΔS, we can find the temperature below which the reaction becomes nonspontaneous. Performing the calculation will provide the specific temperature in 0.47 Kelvin.
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Related Questions
Particles 91, 92, and q3 are in a straight line.
Particles q1 = -28.1 uc, q2 = +25.5 uc, and
q3 = -47.9 uc. Particles qi and q2 are separated
by 0.300 m. Particles q2 and q3 are separated by
0.300 m. What is the net force on q3?
Remember: Negative forces (-F) will point Left
Positive forces (+F) will point Right
Answers
The net force on particle 3 due to the presence of particle 1 and particle 2 on the same straight line is 50.5 N to the right.
Force between particle 1 and particle 2
The force between the two particles is determined from Coulomb's law as shown below;
F = kq₁q₂/r²
F(1,2) = -(9 x 10⁹ x 28.1 x 10⁻⁶ x 25.5 x 10⁻⁶) / (0.3)²
F(1,2) = - 71.66 N
Force between particle 2 and particle 3F(2,3) = + (9 x 10⁹ x 25.5 x 10⁻⁶ x 47.9 x 10⁻⁶) / (0.3)²
F(2,3) = + 122.15 N
Net force on particle 3The net force on particle 3 is determined as follows;
F(net) = 122.15 N - 71.66 N
F(net) = + 50.5 N
Thus, the net force on particle 3 due to the presence of particle 1 and particle 2 on the same straight line is 50.5 N to the right.
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To view the daily appointments, you would first click the BLANK icon
A) Appts
B) Select Patient
C) New File
D) Reports
Answers
is CO(NH2)2 and (NH2)2CO the same thing
Answers
Answer:
Explanation: the answer is YES
CO(NH2)2 and (NH2)2 CO is the urea
Calculate the volume percentage of phase present in an alloy of
16% by weight silicon and 84% by weight aluminium. Given density of
Si = 2.35 gm/cc and density of aluminium = 2.7 gm/cc
Answers
The volume percentage of silicon in the alloy is approximately 38.2%.
To calculate the volume percentage of silicon in the alloy, we need to consider the weight percentage and the densities of silicon and aluminium.
First, we calculate the volume of each component in the alloy based on their weight percentages. Since the density is defined as mass per unit volume, we can use the weight percentage to determine the mass of each component. For example, in 100 grams of the alloy, we have 16 grams of silicon and 84 grams of aluminium.
Next, we calculate the volume of silicon and aluminium by dividing their respective masses by their densities. Using the density of silicon (2.35 gm/cc), we find that the volume of silicon is approximately 6.81 cc. Similarly, using the density of aluminium (2.7 gm/cc), we find that the volume of aluminium is approximately 31.11 cc.
Finally, we calculate the volume percentage of silicon in the alloy by dividing the volume of silicon by the total volume of the alloy (sum of the volumes of silicon and aluminium) and multiplying by 100. In this case, the volume percentage of silicon in the alloy is approximately 38.2%.
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Put 2.35x104 in standard notation.
Answers
Answer:
244.4
Explanation:
standard notation is simpily just the answer.
An experiment is designed to determine the hunting preferences of grey wolves in Yellowstone. What kind of experiment is this?
1. a natural experiment
2. a controlled experiment
3. a field experiment
4. an independent experiment
Answers
Answer:
Fuel experiment
Explanation:
since it involves direct observation of the animals
The formula of the gas ozone is O 3. What is the volume of 48g of ozone at r.t.p?
Answers
Answer:
1.8 x 10^ 24 atoms of oxygen
Explanation:
The molecular weight of ozone is known to be 48 grams / mol. Here we are given a sample of 48 grams of ozone as well, so in 48 grams of ozone the number of moles = 48 / 48 = 1,
_______________________________________________________
1 mole of ozone is equal to 6.0221415 × 10^23 molecules of ozone. Respectively, 1 molecule of ozone has 3 atoms of oxygen. Thus, you can conclude the following -
3 * 6.0221415 × 10^23 = ( About ) 1.8 x 10^ 24 atoms of oxygen
Hope that helps!
The volume of 48 grams of ozone at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p) is equal to 24 \(dm^3\).
Given the following data:
Mass of ozone = 48 grams.Scientific data:
Molar mass of ozone = 48 g/mol. Avogadro's number = \(6.02 \times 10^{23}\)To determine the volume of 48 grams of ozone at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p):
First of all, we would calculate the number of moles of ozone contained in 48 grams of ozone by using the formula:
\(Number\;of\;moles = \frac{mass}{molar\;mass}\\\\Number\;of\;moles = \frac{48}{48}\)
Number of moles = 1.0 moles
By stoichiometry:
1 mole of ozone = 24 \(dm^3\)
Note: At room temperature and pressure (r.t.p), the volume of any gas is equal to 24 \(dm^3\) or 24,000 \(cm^3\).
In conclusion, the volume of 48 grams of ozone at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p) is equal to 24 \(dm^3\).
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What MASS of NaCl are required to make 2.69L of a 0.14M solution?Use the correct abbreviation for the UNITS
Answers
To solve this problem, let's use the definition for molarity:
Replacing the values of the problem:
Now, to find the mass, we multiply by the molecular weight of NaCl. (Which is about 58.44g/mol)
The answer is approximately 22.2g of NaCl
describe un modelo matemático para representar lo que sucede en cada una de las reacciones químicas (incluye toda la simbología que puedas) y clasifícalas según consideres de acuerdo con lo abordado en el tema.
1. El hidrógeno molecular reacciona con el oxígeno molecular y produce agua
2. El Óxido de calcio reacciona con el agua y produce hidróxido de calcio
3. El sulfuro de hierro (II) se produce cuando reacciona el azufre y el hierro en su forma atómica
4. El ácido sulfuroso se descompone por la acción de calor en dióxido de azufre gaseoso y agua
5. El carbonato de calcio se descompone por la acción de calor en oxido de calcio y dióxido de carbono gaseoso.
6. El magnesio reacciona con el ácido clorhídrico y produce dióxido de magnesio e hidrógeno gaseoso.
AYUDAAAAA
Answers
Responder:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
CaO + H2O → Ca (OH) 2
Fe + S → FeS
H2SO3 → SO2 + H2O
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Explicación:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
2 moléculas de hidrógeno gaseoso reaccionan con oxigente para producir 2 moléculas de agua
CaO + H2O → Ca (OH) 2
El óxido de calcio reacciona con el agua para producir hidróxido de calcio.
Fe + S → FeS
El hierro reacciona con el azufre para producir sulfuro de hierro.
H2SO3 → SO2 + H2O
Por descomposición, el ácido sulfuroso se descompone para producir dióxido de azufre y agua.
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
El carbonato de calcio se descompone para producir óxido de calcio y dióxido de carbono.
A ample of ga at 20ºC ha a volume of 10 L and exert a preure of 912 mm Hg. How many mole
of ga are in the ample?
a. 0. 3 mol c. 0. 8 mol
b. 0. 5 mol d. 1. 00 mol
Answers
The Number of moles present is 0.5mol.
What is ideal gas law?
The general gas equation, also known as the ideal gas law, is the equation of state for a fictitious ideal gas. The equation for the ideal gas's relationship to pressure P, volume V, temperature T, and number of moles n is known as the ideal gas law.
Use P V = n R T
R = 0.08206 L -atm /mol -K when the pressure is in atmosphere atm, the volume is in litres L, and the temperature is in Kelvin K.
One atm is equal to 760.0 mm Hg, so depending on how the pressure changes, there will either be a division or multiplication.
Divide the value in mmHg by 760.0 mmHg/atm to convert it to atm.
P= 912mmHg /760mmHg/atm=1.2atm
to convert °C to kelvin,
K=°C +273= 20+273=293K
R=0.08206
Add these values to given equation,
n=PV/RT
= 1.2×10÷0.08206×293
= 12÷24.02
=0.5mol
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Which periodic table trend is represented by the blue arrows?
Answers
Answer:
Periodic trends are specific patterns that are present in the periodic table that illustrate different aspects of a certain element, including its size and its electronic properties. Major periodic trends include: electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting point, and metallic character. Periodic trends, arising from the arrangement of the periodic table, provide chemists with an invaluable tool to quickly predict an element's properties. These trends exist because of the similar atomic structure of the elements within their respective group families or periods, and because of the periodic nature of the elements.
How many grams of CO2 will dissolve in 580. g water at 60.°C?
Answers
Answer:
128gCaCl2 per 200gH2O
Explanation:
I might be wrong rlly srry if I am:/ Hope this helps doe have a wonderful day
100 cm³ of a gas at 27°C is cooled to 20°C at constant pressure .Calculate the volume of gas at 20°C.
Answers
According to Charle's law, the volume of the given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided that the pressure is constant. Mathemically;
\(\begin{gathered} V\alpha T \\ V=kT \\ k=\frac{V}{T} \\ k=\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2} \end{gathered}\)where;
V1 and V2 are the initial and final volume of the gas
T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures of the gas (in Kelvin)
Given the following parameters:
\(\begin{gathered} V_1=100\operatorname{cm}^3 \\ T_1=27^0C=27+273=300K \\ T_2=20^0C=20+273=293K \\ V_2=\text{?} \end{gathered}\)Substitute the given parameters into the formula;
\(\begin{gathered} V_2=\frac{V_1T_2}{T_1}^{} \\ V_2=\frac{100\times293}{300} \\ V_2=\frac{29300}{300} \\ V_2=\frac{293}{3} \\ V_2=97.67\operatorname{cm}^3 \end{gathered}\)Therefore the volume of the gas at 20°C is approximately 97.67cm³
A solenoid of radius r = 1.25 cm and length = 26.0 cm has 295 turns and carries 12.0 A.
(a) Calculate the flux through the surface of a disk-shaped area of radius R = 5.00 cm that is positioned perpendicular to and centered on the axis of the solenoid as in the figure (a) above.
(b) Figure (b) above shows an enlarged end view of the same solenoid. Calculate the flux through the tan area, which is an annulus with an inner radius of a = 0.400 cm and outer radius of b = 0.800 cm.
Answers
The flux through the surface of the disk-shaped area is approximately 0.00446 T·m², and the flux through the tan area, which is an annulus, is approximately 2.02 × 10^-6 T·m².
(a) The flux through the surface of a disk-shaped area can be calculated using the formula:
Φ = B * A
where Φ is the flux, B is the magnetic field, and A is the area.
The magnetic field inside a solenoid can be approximated as:
B = μ₀ * n * I
where μ₀ is the permeability of free space (4π × 10^-7 T·m/A), n is the number of turns per unit length (n = N / L, where N is the total number of turns and L is the length of the solenoid), and I is the current.
Given:
r = 1.25 cm = 0.0125 m (radius of solenoid)
L = 26.0 cm = 0.26 m (length of solenoid)
N = 295 (number of turns)
I = 12.0 A (current)
R = 5.00 cm = 0.05 m (radius of disk-shaped area)
First, we calculate the number of turns per unit length:
n = N / L = 295 / 0.26 = 1134.62 turns/m
Next, we calculate the magnetic field inside the solenoid:
B = μ₀ * n * I = (4π × 10^-7 T·m/A) * 1134.62 turns/m * 12.0 A ≈ 0.01789 T
Finally, we calculate the flux through the disk-shaped area:
Φ = B * A = 0.01789 T * π * (0.05 m)^2 = 0.00446 T·m²
Therefore, the flux through the surface of the disk-shaped area is approximately 0.00446 T·m².
(b) The flux through the tan area, which is an annulus, can also be calculated using the same formula:
Φ = B * A
where B is the magnetic field and A is the area.
Given:
a = 0.400 cm = 0.004 m (inner radius of annulus)
b = 0.800 cm = 0.008 m (outer radius of annulus)
The area of the annulus can be calculated as:
A = π * (b^2 - a^2)
Substituting the given values:
A = π * ((0.008 m)^2 - (0.004 m)^2) = 0.000113 m²
Using the same magnetic field value calculated in part (a) (B ≈ 0.01789 T), we can calculate the flux through the annulus:
Φ = B * A = 0.01789 T * 0.000113 m² ≈ 2.02 × 10^-6 T·m²
Therefore, the flux through the tan area, which is an annulus with an inner radius of 0.400 cm and an outer radius of 0.800 cm, is approximately 2.02 × 10^-6 T·m².
In conclusion, the flux through the surface of the disk-shaped area is approximately 0.00446 T·m², and the flux through the tan area, which is an annulus, is approximately 2.02 × 10^-6 T·m². These calculations were based on the given parameters of the solenoid, such as its dimensions, number of turns, and current. The flux represents the amount of magnetic field passing through a given area and is an important quantity in electromagnetism.
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A gas sample is made entirely of carbon dioxide and water, and there are 300 moles of CO2 and 500 moles of H2O. If the total pressure of the sample is 21 atm, what is the partial pressure of H2O ? Ptotal = Pa + Pb+ Pc....... Pa = Xa(Ptotal)
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Total moles = 300 + 500 = 800 moles
mole fraction of carbon dioxide = 300 / 800 = 3 / 8
water = 500 / 800 = 5 / 8
Total pressure = 21 atm
partial pressure of water = total pressure x mole fraction of water
= 21 x 5 / 8
= 13.125 atm
Antarctica is a frozen land so cold and I see no changes in Wheeler scientist have discovered fossils
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - due to the movement of plates it is relocated.
Explanation:
Antarctica is a very cold part of the earth, it is so cold that there is no growth of trees or such vegetation. Even though there are no or less vegetation scientists found fossils of the trees.
It is relocated from the north where the conditions were warmer and easy for tree growth. It is then moved due to plate movements to the south pole. This is the reason behind the fossils scientist found.
One beaker contains a single compound, another an element, another a heterogeneous mixture, and another a homogeneous mixture. Which beaker's content's are a single compound?
Answers
The first beaker will contain a single compound, while another beakers will contains mixture of components.
What is mixture?A mixture is defined as a composition made up of two or more chemical components that do not mix chemically.
It can also be defined as a substance formed by the combination of two or more separate substances that does not result in a chemical reaction.
There are two types of mixture.
Homogenous mixture - It is defined as a combination with the same proportions of its constituents in a given amount of sample. Heterogenous mixture - It is defined as a combination in which the composition varies throughout the solution.Thus, the first beaker will contain a single compound, while another beakers will contains mixture of components.
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what is the significance of erwin schrodinger's experiment which relates to the atomic model
Answers
Answer: Erwin Schrödinger showed that the quantization of the hydrogen atom's energy levels that appeared in Niels Bohr's atomic model could be calculated from the Schrödinger equation, which describes how the wave function of a quantum mechanical system (in this case, a hydrogen atom's electron) evolves
PLEASE ANSWER QUICKLY, THIS NEEDS TO BE DONE BY TOMORROW!!!
Answers
A contained sample of hydrogen gas is at 30°C and exerts a pressure of 0.45 atm. What will be the new pressure if the gas cools to -14°C and the volume remains constant?
Answers
Answer: .38 atm
Explanation:
p2= p1 x t2 / t1
0.45 x 259.15 / 303.15
why does acetyl chloride react with water almost violently, but you had to warm and shake the mixture of water and benzoyl chloride?
Answers
The reason why acetyl chloride reacts with water almost violently, but you have to warm and shake the mixture of water and benzoyl chloride is due to the difference in their reactivity and molecular structure.
Acetyl chloride (CH3COCl) is a more reactive compound than benzoyl chloride (C6H5COCl). This higher reactivity is due to the presence of an electron-donating methyl group (CH3) in acetyl chloride, which increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon (C=O) and makes it more susceptible to nucleophilic attack by water.
On the other hand, benzoyl chloride has an electron-withdrawing phenyl group (C6H5), which reduces the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon, making it less reactive towards nucleophilic attack by water.
As a result, acetyl chloride reacts with water almost violently, forming acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. In contrast, benzoyl chloride requires warming and shaking to facilitate the reaction with water, ultimately producing benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas.
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If the density of water is 1.0 g/mL, what is the mass of 2.0 L of water?
Answers
Answer:
Density=1.0 g/mL
Volume=2.0 L
Mass=?
Density=mass/volume
Mass=density*volume
Mass=1.0*2.0
Mass=2g
The chemical isoamyl acetate C7H14O2 gives the odor of pears. What is the percent oxygen in isoamyl acetate?
Answers
Answer:
\(\% O=24.6\%\)
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, since the by-mass percent of an element in a compound is computed by taking into account its atomic mass, the number of atoms in the molecules and the molar mass of the compound, we can write:
\(\% O=\frac{2*16.00}{130.18 } *100\%\\\\\% O=24.6\%\)
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Predict the ions that form when magnesium(group IIA) and nitrogen (group VA) react:.
Answers
Answer: Mg²⁺ & N³⁻
Explanation:
Since Magnesium is in group 2, then it favors losing two electrons forming a cation with a charge of +2 ( Mg²⁺).
Since Nitrogen is in group VA, it favors gaining three electrons forming the anion with charge -3 (N³⁻).
what more accurate model of the atom emerged from Albert Einstein's contributions and quantum mechanics
Answers
Answer:
Einstein also in 1905 mathematically proved the existence of atoms, and thus helped revolutionize all the sciences through the use of statistics and probability. Atomic theory says that any liquid is made up of molecules (invisible in 1905)
Explanation:
Answer:
The discoveries of Albert Einstein led to development in the understanding of the atom through the study of quantum mechanics and the electron cloud. In this model, there is still a nucleus with protons and neutrons. But unlike the Bohr model, the electrons exist in a cloud outside the nucleus, much like the fruit around the pit of a peach.
Explanation:
Which statement could be a specific theory
Answers
An explanation of a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested in experiments and found to be correct is referred to be a scientific theory.
What is specific theory?Specific theory is defined as the theories that are limited to certain populations or specific sectors of practice, that concentrate on specific nursing phenomena, and that reflect clinical experience.
'A scientific theory is a well-supported explanation of some part of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly proven via observation and experimentation,' according to the Oxford Dictionary.
Thus, an explanation of a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested in experiments and found to be correct is referred to be a scientific theory.
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Which of the following statements about the properties of elements related to an atomic emission spectrum are true? Select all that apply.
Answers
A limited number of distinct, thin lines of light make up an element's emission, which results in a distinct pattern known as the element's atomic emissions spectrum.
Which of the following claims regarding an emission spectrum is accurate?The wavelengths of light that are emitted when electrons jump from higher energy levels to lower energy levels are called the emission spectrum, while the wavelengths of light that are absorbed by the electrons as they jump from lower energy levels to higher energy levels are called the absorption spectrum.
A spectrum of atomic emission is what kind of property?The range of electromagnetic radiation (light) frequencies that are emitted by electrons as they go from higher to lower energy levels is known as the atomic emission spectrum, and it is specific to each element.
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Lithium has a specific heat of 3.560 J/gºC, and ethanol has a specific heat of 2.450 J/gºC. Based
on this information, which best compares lithium and ethanol if there is an equal amount of both substances?
HELP ASAP PLZZZ!
Answers
Answer:
they are both equal
Explanation:
if you don't know don't guess troll the teacher you will get it wrong anyway
17. Calculate the molecular formula if the molar mass is 92 g/mol if the empirical formula is
nitrogen dioxide.
Answers
The molecular formula if the molar mass is 92 g/mol if the empirical formula is nitrogen dioxide then the molecular formula is N₂O₄.
What is empirical formula?An empirical formula is a simple expression of the relative numbers of atoms of each element present in a compound. It is typically written as a chemical formula in the form of a whole number ratio, such as CH2O for glucose, denoting that there are two atoms of hydrogen for every one atom of carbon and one atom of oxygen. Empirical formulas are not the same as true chemical formulas, which also list the arrangement of atoms in a compound.
Molecular formula = (empirical formula) × \(\frac{molar mass}{empirical formula mass}\)
Empirical formula for nitrogen dioxide is NO₂
Empirical formula mass = 2×(16)+32 = 64
Molecular Formula = NO₂ x (\(\frac{92}{64}\)) = NO₂ x 1.4375 = \(N_1_._4_3_7_5O_2_._8_7_5\)
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If a reaction is first order with a rate constant of 0.0450 s', how much time is required for 65% of the initial quantity of reactant to be consumed? 1 2 4 4 5 7 8
Answers
65% of the reactant will be consumed in 23.3 seconds. If a first-order reaction has a rate constant of 0.0450 s'.
First order rate law is given by,
A = A0 × e-kt
Given,
A0 = Initial concentration=100 M
A = Final concentration=35 M (65% is consumed means 35% is the remaining compound)
K = Rate constant = 0.0450 s-1
A = A0×e-kt
=>35 = 100 × e-0.0450 * t
=>e-0.0450*t = 0.35
=> - 0.0450*t = ln(0.35)
=> -0.0450*t = -1.05
=> t = 23.3 sec
So, 23.3 seconds will be required to consume 65% of the reactant.
When a reaction's pace and reactant concentration are inversely correlated, the process is known as a first-order reaction. To put it another way, the response rate doubles when the concentration double. One or two reactants can be present in a first-order reaction, as in the case of the decomposition process.
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