1) By using the definition, show that the following sets are disconnected. 2) Find all the connected) components of the following sets. (a) Z (b) [0, 1] U [2,3] (C) R \ {0} (d) R\Q

The variation in luminosity of quasars can be used to set limits on the sizes of their emitting regions by using the time delay between the variations in different wavelengths.

The variation in luminosity of a quasar is caused by changes in the amount of material that is accreting onto the supermassive black hole at the center of the quasar. This material emits radiation as it falls into the black hole, and the luminosity of the quasar is proportional to the rate at which material is falling in.

The emitting region of the quasar is thought to be the region around the black hole where this material is falling in and emitting radiation.

Since the emitting region is thought to be relatively small, on the order of a few light-days to a few light-weeks in size, the variations in luminosity should occur on very short timescales. By measuring the time delay between the variations in different wavelengths of light, astronomers can determine the size of the emitting region.

If the time delay between the variations is longer than expected for a particular size of emitting region, then that size can be ruled out. By studying the variations in luminosity over time, astronomers can build up a picture of the size and structure of the emitting region of a quasar.

To know more about astronomers refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/30312638#

#SPJ11

Answer:

efficiency

Explanation:

The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input is called energy efficiency.

Answer:

Digesting a salad

Explanation:

All the other ones are physical changes because you're changing its form but not its chemical identity and not changing the substance. Digesting a salad is a chemical change because you're both changing its form AND its chemical identity

Answer:

Inverse relationships are common in nature. In electrostatics, the electrical force between two charged objects is inversely related to the distance of separation between the two objects. Increasing the separation distance between objects decreases the force of attraction or repulsion between the objects.

Explanation:

Two ways to decrease the electric force between two charged objects:

As a result of their electric charge, particles or objects are attracted to or repelled by the Coulomb force, also known as electrostatic force or Coulomb interaction. Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, a French scientist who published the findings of an experimental inquiry into the proper quantitative description of this force in 1785, gave the electric force its name. The electric force is one of the fundamental physical forces.

Positive or negative electric charges that are similar to one another repel one another in a straight line between their centers. Positive and negative charges that are opposite each other are drawn together along a straight line connecting their centers.

Learn more about coulomb force here:

https://brainly.com/question/11141051

#SPJ5

The magnitude of the electrostatic force on sphere B due to sphere A is also 2.4 N, because the forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction as they form an action-reaction pair.

First by Coulomb's Law, the electrostatic force F between two point charges Q1 and Q2, separated by a distance r, is given by

F = k * (Q1 * Q2) / r^2

Where k is the Coulomb constant, which has a value of 9 × 10^9 N·m^2/C^2.

In this case, we have two spheres A and B, with charges +2 * 10^-6 C and +1 * 10^-6 C, respectively. The electrostatic force on A due to B is given as 2.4 N.

To find the electrostatic force on B due to A, we can use Coulomb's Law and the fact that the force between the two spheres is an action-reaction pair, meaning that the forces on A and B are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Therefore, the magnitude of the electrostatic force on B due to A is also 2.4 N.

We can see this by rearranging Coulomb's Law as:

F = k * (Q1 * Q2) / r^2

=> Q2 = (F * r^2) / (k * Q1)

where

Substituting the values given, we get:

Q2 = (2.4 N * (1 m)^2) / (9 × 10^9 N·m^2/C^2 * 2 × 10^-6 C) = 0.133 C

Therefore, the magnitude of the electrostatic force on sphere B due to sphere A is also 2.4 N, because the forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction as they form an action-reaction pair.

Learn more about electrostatic force here : brainly.com/question/14870624

#SPJ1

For two planets orbiting a star in a distant galaxy, having the first semimajor axis of 150 x 10^6 km,  the period of the second plane  is mathematically given as

T=2.2earth year

Generally, the equation for the time period  is mathematically given as

\(T^{2} \appox a^{3}\)

Therefore, for planet one

\(1^2\approx (150 x 10^6)^3\)

In conclusion, For planet 2

T^2=(250/150)^3

T=√4.632

T=2.2earth year

Read more about Time

https://brainly.com/question/4931057

The period of the second planet for two planets circling a star in a faraway galaxy with a first semimajor axis of 150× 10⁶ km. The time period of the planet will be 2.2 earth years.

The time period of the revolution is the time required to complete one revolution. It is guven by T. It is measured in seconds.

The equation of the time period is found as;

\(\rm T = \frac{250}{150} ^3 \\\\ T= \sqrt{4.632} \\\\ T=2.2 \ earth \ year\)

Hence the time period of the planet will be 2.2 earth years.

To learn more about the time period of the revolution refer to the link;

https://brainly.com/question/15228034

#SPJ4

Answer: 1.96 m/s

Explanation:

Given

Mass of Professor \(m_1=113\ kg\)

Velocity of professor \(u_1=1.56\ m/s\)

mass of chair \(m_2=10\ kg\)

velocity of chair \(u_2=6.5\ m/s\)

Suppose  after the collision, v is the common velocity

Conserving momentum

\(\Rightarrow m_1u_1+m_2u_2=(m_1+m_2)v\\\\\Rightarrow v=\dfrac{113\times 1.56+10\times 6.5}{113+10}=\dfrac{241.28}{123}\\\\\Rightarrow v=1.96\ m/s\)

The volume of unreached oxygen after the explosion is 16 cm³.

To calculate the volume of unreached oxygen after the explosion, we need to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and then use the given volumes of hydrogen and oxygen to find the limiting reactant.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water is:

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

From the equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between hydrogen and oxygen is 2:1. This means that for every 2 volumes of hydrogen, we need 1 volume of oxygen to react completely.

Volume of hydrogen gas = 8 cm³

Volume of oxygen gas = 20 cm³

To determine the limiting reactant, we compare the volumes of hydrogen and oxygen using their stoichiometric ratio.

Based on the stoichiometric ratio, we can calculate the required volume of oxygen for complete reaction by dividing the volume of hydrogen by 2:

Required volume of oxygen = (8 cm³) / 2 = 4 cm³

Since the given volume of oxygen (20 cm³) is greater than the required volume of oxygen (4 cm³), we can conclude that oxygen is in excess.

To calculate the volume of unreached oxygen, we subtract the required volume of oxygen from the given volume of oxygen:

Volume of unreached oxygen = Volume of oxygen - Required volume of oxygen

Volume of unreached oxygen = 20 cm³ - 4 cm³

Volume of unreached oxygen = 16 cm³

Therefore, the volume of unreached oxygen after the explosion is 16 cm³.

Learn more on volume ratio of gases can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/30664501

#SPJ11

Answer:

n = 4 x 10¹⁸ photons

Explanation:

First, we will calculate the energy of one photon in the radiation:

\(E = \frac{hc}{\lambda}\\\\\)

where,

E = Energy of one photon = ?

h = Plank's Constant = 6.625 x 10⁻³⁴ J.s

c = speed of light = 3 x 10⁸ m/s

λ = wavelength of radiation = 567 nm = 5.67 x 10⁻⁷ m

Therefore,

\(E = \frac{(6.625\ x\ 10^{-34}\ J.s)(3\ x\ 10^8\ m/s)}{5.67\ x\ 10^{-7}\ m}\)

E = 3.505 x 10⁻¹⁹ J

Now, the number of photons to make up the total energy can be calculated as follows:

\(Total\ Energy = nE\\1.4\ J = n(3.505\ x\ 10^{-19}\ J)\\n = \frac{1.4\ J}{3.505\ x\ 10^{-19}\ J}\\\)

n = 4 x 10¹⁸ photons

A ball attached to a string is being swung in a clockwise circular path as shown in Figure 3-1. direction will the acceleration on the ball be when the ball passes point A is direction a. Hence option A is correct.

Angular velocity is "rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time". i.e. ω= dθ/dt. it is also defined as angular displacement over time. i.e. ω = angular displacement/Time.

Angular velocity shows how much angle can be covered in unit time. It's SI unit rad/s. direction of the Agular velocity is given by right hand thumb rule.

Angular acceleration is rate of change of Angular velocity with respect to time.

i.e. α = dω/dt if an object changes its angular velocity in short time, we can say that it has greater angular acceleration. It is expressed in rad/s².

To know more about Acceleration :

https://brainly.com/question/12550364

#SPJ1.

Answer:

D) The contraction of objects in space

Explanation:

A) Expansion of the universe as originated from the Big Bang is an important evidence, as B) the Cosmic microwave background which is thought to be left over from the Big Bang. The right proportion of hydrogen and helium as unprocessed material that has been detected as the basic elements from where the universe started.

The only out of context option is option D

Answer:

2

1

2

1

3

1

Explanation:

I'm pretty sure these are right. you might want to go back and check the first and third, but the other 4 are right

The greater mass will have greater acceleration is a fact from second law of motion. Thus, first situation is an example of second law. Spilling of water from the glass indicates the first law , that is law of inertia.

Newton' s first law of motion states that, every body tends to continue on the state of motion or rest until an external force acts upon it. This law is called law of inertia.

Second law states that the force applied on a body is directly proportional to the mass and acceleration.

Newton's third law states that, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The first statement indicates the second law of motion and water spilling indicates the law of inertia.

As the mass increases, more force to be applied and acceleration decreases with mass. Thus third situation indicates second law. The magician pulling the cloth from stationary, hence it is first law.

A rocket launches by a force applied on the space and an opposing force from the fuel make it move indicating the third law. The last situation indicates the first law. Hence, the labeling is as 2,1,2,1,3,1.

Find more on Newton's laws:

https://brainly.com/question/15280051

#SPJ2

The process of losing an electron, such as when a free radical steals an electron from a stable molecule, is called electron dissociation.

Electron dissociation occurs when an electron is removed from a stable molecule, resulting in the formation of an ion. This process can be initiated by various mechanisms, including the interaction of the molecule with other reactive species like free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that contain an unpaired electron, and they often seek to stabilize themselves by acquiring an electron from nearby molecules.

When a free radical steals an electron from a stable molecule, it causes the molecule to lose an electron and become ionized. This electron dissociation process can have important implications in various chemical reactions and biological processes, as it can lead to the formation of new chemical species and impact the overall reactivity of molecules.

To learn more about electron dissociation click here: brainly.com/question/24301293

#SPJ11

Starting from rest on a circular track with a radius of 300 m and a constant tangential acceleration of 0.75 m/s², the car will travel a distance of approximately 0.2119 meters or 21.19 centimeters in 0.75 seconds.

To determine the distance traveled and the time elapsed by the car starting from rest on a circular track with a radius of 300 m and a constant tangential acceleration of 0.75 m/s², we can use the equations of circular motion.

The tangential acceleration is the rate of change of tangential velocity. Since the car starts from rest, its initial tangential velocity is zero (v₀ = 0).

Using the equation:

v = v₀ + at

where v is the final tangential velocity, v₀ is the initial tangential velocity, a is the tangential acceleration, and t is the time, we can solve for v:

v = 0 + (0.75 m/s²) * t

v = 0.75t m/s

The tangential velocity is related to the angular velocity (ω) and the radius (r) of the circular track:

v = ωr

Substituting the values:

0.75t = ω * 300

Since the car starts from rest, the initial angular velocity (ω₀) is zero. So, we have:

ω = ω₀ + αt

ω = 0 + (0.75 m/s²) * t

ω = 0.75t rad/s

We can now substitute the value of ω into the equation:

0.75t = (0.75t) * 300

Simplifying the equation gives:

0.75t = 225t

t = 0.75 seconds

The time elapsed is 0.75 seconds.

To calculate the distance traveled (s), we can use the equation:

s = v₀t + (1/2)at²

Since the initial velocity (v₀) is zero, the equation becomes:

s = (1/2)at²

s = (1/2)(0.75 m/s²)(0.75 s)²

s = (1/2)(0.75 m/s²)(0.5625 s²)

s = 0.2119 meters or approximately 21.19 centimeters

Therefore, the car travels a distance of approximately 0.2119 meters or 21.19 centimeters.

To know more about acceleration refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/30660316#

#SPJ11

Mass of copper block, m = 8.96 g

Constant molar heat capacity of copper, c1 = 24.44 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

Initial temperature of copper block, T1 = 85°C

Mass of water, M = 125 g

Constant molar heat capacity of water, c2 = 75.29 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

Initial temperature of water, T2 = 25°C

Heat is transferred from the copper block to the water until both reach a common temperature, T. We are to find the change in entropy for each process using the following formula:

Change in entropy, ΔS = Q / T

where Q is the amount of heat transferred and T is the common temperature of the system. Since the process is reversible, we can also write this as:

ΔS = ∫ dQ / T

Change in entropy of copper block:

The amount of heat transferred from the copper block to the water, Q1 = mc1ΔT = (8.96/63.546) × 24.44 × (T - 85) J/K

where ΔT = T - T1 is the change in temperature.

Using the formula for change in entropy:

ΔS1 = Q1 / T = (8.96/63.546) × 24.44 × (T - 85) / T J/K

Change in entropy of water:

The amount of heat transferred from the copper block to the water is the same as the amount of heat gained by the water, Q2. So,

Q2 = -Q1 = -(8.96/63.546) × 24.44 × (T - 85) J

Using the formula for change in entropy:

ΔS2 = Q2 / T = -(8.96/63.546) × 24.44 × (T - 85) / T J/K

Therefore, the change in entropy for the copper block is given by:

ΔS1 = (8.96/63.546) × 24.44 × (T - 85) / T J/K

And the change in entropy for water is given by:

ΔS2 = -(8.96/63.546) × 24.44 × (T - 85) / T J/K

To learn more about mass, refer below:

https://brainly.com/question/11954533

#SPJ11

The statement that best describes how energy is conserved in this scenario is that the cold air absorbed energy from the water vapor, so it condensed and formed steam and the liquid water absorbed the energy of the fire, so it changed into a gas and evaporated. That is option B and D respectively.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed but can be changed from one form to another.

At the camping, energy from a lighter is being transferred to the wood and is being sustained by the chemical energy in the wood.

Upon the use of water to extinguish the fire, the liquid water absorbed the energy of the fire, so it changed into a gas and evaporated.

Also around the fire is the cold air which can absorb heat to form steam after condensation.

Learn more about energy here:

https://brainly.com/question/25959744

#SPJ1

The false statement is all three vehicles are accelerating.

It is given that all the vehicles are travelling at 40 miles per hour. So, they are having the same speed.

From the diagram, it is shown that,

The truck is turning to the right. So, we can say that the direction of motion of the truck is changing. That means, the velocity changes in the direction but, not in magnitude.

Therefore, the truck is accelerating.

The other two vehicles are travelling at constant velocity.

To learn more about acceleration, click:

https://brainly.com/question/980919

#SPJ1

Answer:

All three vhicles are accelerating.

Explanation:

Acceleration is a change in speed. It doesn't matter if the object is slowing down or speeding up, as long as the speed is changing it is accelerating.

The expected time period between the observations of lightning and thunder would be 22.5 s.

How to calculate the time of sound waves?

The time taken by sound to reach a certain position can be calculated by the speed formula,

\(S = \dfrac dt\)

Where,

\(S\) - speed = 0.343 km/s

\(d\) - distance = 7.5 km

\(t\) - time = ?

Put the values in the formula,

\(0.343 = \dfrac {7.5} t\\\\t = \dfrac {0.343}{7.5}\\\\t = 22.5\)

Therefore, the expected time period between the observations of lightning and thunder would be 22.5 s.

Learn more about  the expected time:

https://brainly.com/question/16851276

Answer:

most likely it will stay the same

A fluid's specific gravity is determined by comparing its density to the density of a standard reference fluid, often water.

13,580,1000 ≈ 13.6

Mercury is a highly heavy, dense metal that is silver-white and liquid at normal temperature. Because water has a density of 1.0 g/mL, and mercury has a density of 13.5 g/mL, it feels quite weighty for such a small amount of mercury.

Mercury also has a very high surface tension, which causes tiny mercury droplets to condense on glass to create virtually spherical beads. Liquid mercury can be used in thermometers like the lab thermometer below because it expands and shrinks predictably with temperature. However, due to the element's health risks, the usage of mercury thermometers has generally been discontinued.

To learn more about weight density of mercury, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/23276410

#SPJ4

There are 1,048,576 possible outcomes (microstates) when flipping 20 fair coins. The probability of getting the sequence "HTHHTTTHTHHHTHHHHTHT" in exactly that order is approximately 9.5367e-07.

a) There are 2 possible outcomes (heads or tails) for each coin flip, and since there are 20 coin flips, the total number of possible outcomes, or microstates, is given by 2²⁰

Answer: 2²⁰= 1,048,576 possible outcomes.

b) To calculate the probability of getting the sequence "HTHHTTTHTHHHTHHHHTHT" in exactly that order, we need to determine the probability of obtaining each individual outcome (head or tail) and multiply them together.

Since each coin flip is independent and has a 1/2 chance of resulting in either heads or tails (assuming the coins are fair), the probability of obtaining the desired sequence is (1/2)²⁰

Answer: (1/2)²⁰≈ 9.5367e-07

c) To calculate the probability of getting exactly 12 heads and 8 tails in any order, we need to determine the number of ways to arrange 12 heads and 8 tails within the 20 coin flips.

This can be calculated using the binomial coefficient, also known as "n choose k." The formula for the binomial coefficient is:

C(n, k) = n! / (k! * (n-k)!)

Where n is the total number of coin flips and k is the number of heads.

Using this formula, the probability can be calculated as follows:

P(12 heads and 8 tails) = C(20, 12) * (1/2)^20

Calculating C(20, 12):

C(20, 12) = 20! / (12! * (20-12)!)

          = 20! / (12! * 8!)

          = (20 * 19 * 18 * 17 * 16 * 15 * 14 * 13) / (8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1)

          = 125,970

P(12 heads and 8 tails) = 125,970 * (1/2)^20

Answer: P(12 heads and 8 tails) ≈ 0.12013435364 (approximately)

a) There are 1,048,576 possible outcomes (microstates) when flipping 20 fair coins.

b) The probability of getting the sequence "HTHHTTTHTHHHTHHHHTHT" in exactly that order is approximately 9.5367e-07.

c) The probability of getting exactly 12 heads and 8 tails in any order is approximately 0.12013435364.

To know more about  probability visit:

https://brainly.com/question/24756209

#SPJ11

Answer:

seismogram

A seismograph is the primary earthquake measuring instrument. The seismograph produces a digital graphic recording of the ground motion caused by the seismic waves. The digital recording is called a seismogram. A network of worldwide seismographs detects and measures the strength and duration of the earthquake’s waves.

Answer:

dttydghcghcghdytdftygfvghxk,ghc

Explanation:

The pressure when the balloon has grown to 175 L is approximately 52 kPa.

Boyle's law simply states that "the volume of any given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure as long as temperature remains constant.

Boyle's law is expressed as;

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Where P₁ is Initial Pressure, V₁ is Initial volume, P₂ is Final Pressure and V₂ is Final volume.

We know that P1 = 101 kPa, V1 = 90 L, and V2 = 175 L.

Solving for P2:

P2 = (P1 × V1) / V2

P2 = (101 kPa × 90 L) / 175 L

P2 = 52 kPa

Therefore, the final pressure is approximately 52 kPa.

Learn more about Boyle's law here: brainly.com/question/1437490

#SPJ1

Answer:

in probability theory, a balance equation is an equation that describes the probability flux associated with a Markov chain in and out of states or set of states.

Explanation:

Answer:8.3mins

Explanation:

S=Vt

where V=average speed

S=4000m V=8m/s

4000=8×t

t=4000/8

t=500s

t=500/60

t=8.3min

500 sec

8 min 20 sec

Hi there !

8 m ................ 1 s

4000 m ........ x s

x = 4000m×1s/8m = 500 sec = 8 min 20 sec

Good luck !

Situations in which mass of an object is the main factor of momentum are :

The factors that have a direct effect on an object's momentum are ;

The momentum of an object is determined by the multiplication of the mass of object by its velocity/speed. therefore some examples of situation in which mass is a main factor determining momentum are as listed above.

p ( momentum ) = M* V

Learn more about momentum : https://brainly.com/question/7538238