How much heat is required to change 35.0 g of water from ice to liquid water?
The following information for water is given, but may or may not be useful:
C = 4.184 J/g°C
AHfus = 334 J/g
AHvap=2260J/g

According to the question the reaction enthalpy is thus 10610 J / 0.278 moles = 38.3 kJ/mol.

Enthalpy is a thermodynamic property of a system that measures the total energy content of a system. It is a state function that is expressed in terms of internal energy, pressure, and volume of a system. Enthalpy represents the amount of energy that is associated with a chemical reaction or physical change.

The reaction is exothermic, meaning that heat is released during the reaction. The amount of heat released can be calculated with the equation q = mcΔT, where q is the heat released, m is the mass of the solution, c is the specific heat capacity of the solution, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the solution. Using the given data, the amount of heat released by the reaction can be calculated as q = (250 g)(4.184 J/g-K)(11.1 K) = 10610 J. The enthalpy change for the reaction can then be calculated by dividing the heat released by the number of moles of NaOH, which is 11.1 g / 40.00 g/mol = 0.278 moles. The reaction enthalpy is thus 10610 J / 0.278 moles = 38.3 kJ/mol.

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When scientists say that a theory can never be proven, they mean that it is not possible to conclusively demonstrate its truth. The word "theory" in science refers to a body of knowledge that has been well-established through rigorous testing and observation. However, this does not mean that it is an absolute truth.

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Since [H2NO2] is equal to zero in this case, the percent ionization is equal to 100%.

Ionization is the process of adding an electrical charge to a neutral atom or molecule, resulting in the formation of positively or negatively charged ions. The process involves the transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another, which can occur through chemical reactions, physical collisions, or exposure to radiation. Ionization is an important process in many fields, including chemistry, physics, and biology.

The pH of a .780 M HNO2 solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. This equation states that the pH of a solution is equal to the pKa of the acid plus the logarithm of the base to acid ratio. In this case, the pKa of HNO2 is 3.4, so the pH is equal to 3.4 + log(.780/1) = 2.10.

The percent ionization of the solution can be calculated using the formula:

% ionization = ( [HNO2] - [H2NO2] ) / [HNO2] * 100

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Answer:

rate of disappearance of -0.5d[INO]/dt

rate of appearance of I2 = d[I2]/dt

rate of appearance of No = 0.5*d[NO]/dt

Explanation:

According to chemical equilibrium,  d[I₂]/dt and d[NO]/dt is  the expressions for the rates of appearance of I₂ and NO respectively.

Chemical equilibrium is defined as the condition which arises during the course of a reversible chemical reaction with no net change in amount of reactants and products.A reversible chemical reaction is the one wherein the products as soon as they are formed react together to produce back the reactants.

At equilibrium, the two opposing reactions which take place take place at equal rates and there is no net change in amount of the substances which are involved in the chemical reaction.At equilibrium, the reaction is considered to be complete . Conditions which are required for equilibrium are given by quantitative formulation.

Factors which affect chemical equilibrium are change in concentration , change in pressure and temperature and presence of catalyst.

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Answer:

A. The solubility of a gaseous solute is decreases at a higher temperature, and the CO₂ pressure in the can is increased.

B. When the can of warm soda is opened, more CO₂ is released, producing more spray.

Explanation:

We know that , solubility of the gases is inverse proportional to the temperature and directly proportional to the pressure .

We also know that , the kinetic energy of the gases is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas. If the temperature of the gas increase then the kinetic energy of gas will increases that increasing in the kinetic energy of the gas leads to decrease in the solubility of the gases.

When the pressure of the gas increases then the solubility of the gases also will increases because molecule of the gas try to settle in the small area.

From the above we can filled the below blank places

A. The solubility of a gaseous solute is decreases at a higher temperature, and the CO₂ pressure in the can is increased.

B. When the can of warm soda is opened, more CO₂ is released, producing more spray.

1. The temperature rose faster in the covered box.

2. The temperature rose higher in the covered box.

3. The temperature in both boxes decreased after removing them from the sunlight.

4. This experiment demonstrates how a greenhouse traps heat inside, causing the temperature to rise.

5. The bottom of the box represents the Earth's surface, the air in the box represents the Earth's atmosphere, and the plastic wrap represents the greenhouse gases that trap heat.

6. You can compare your results with another student to see if your findings are similar or different.

7. From this investigation, you can learn about how greenhouse gases trap heat and cause the Earth's temperature to rise.

What is  greenhouse ?

A greenhouse is a structure designed to control the environment for growing plants. It is typically made of glass or other transparent material, and traps heat from the sun, creating a warm and humid environment inside. This helps to extend the growing season and protect plants from extreme weather conditions.

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Answer:

Electrons repel each other due to electrostatic force of attraction between both of them as a result prevent the electron from entering the nucleus preventing it from collapsing

Electrons repel each other because they have the same charge present in

them.

Law of magnetism states that:

Electrons are subatomic particles which are negatively charged which

depicts them possessing like poles.

This explains why electrons which are in contact with each other will repel as

a result of the repulsive force present in like poles.

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Answer:

Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) ⇒ BaSO₄(s) + 2 NaNO₃(aq)

Explanation:

Let's consider the unbalanced double displacement equation for the reaction of an aqueous solution of barium nitrate and an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate.

Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) ⇒ BaSO₄(s) + NaNO₃(aq)

To get the balanced equation, we will multiply NaNO₃(aq) by 2.

Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) ⇒ BaSO₄(s) + 2 NaNO₃(aq)

Molarity is an important method which is used to calculate the concentration of a solution. The molarity of 0.499 g of NaOH dissolved in 150.00 mL of water is  0.082 M.

Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute present per litre of the solution. The unit of molarity is mol L⁻¹ and it is represented as 'M'.

Molarity = Number of moles of solute / Volume of solution in L

150.00 mL = 0.15 L

Number of moles:

n = 0.499 / 40.00 = 0.0124 moles

M = 0.0124 / 0.15

M = 0.082

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Answer:

5 1 2 4and 3 this is correct way

Total calories : 363 kcal

Complete question

A cheeseburger from a fast-food restaurant contains 19g of fat, 20g of carbs, and 28g of protein. How many kcal of energy does the cheeseburger contain?

We convert each gram of composition to kcal :

1 gram of fat = 9 kcal

1 gram of carbs = 4 kcal

1 gram of proteins = 4 kcal

\(\tt 19\times 9~kcal=171~kcal\)

\(\tt 20\times 4=80~kcal\)

\(\tt 28\times 4=112~kcal\)

\(\tt 171+80+112=363~kcal\)

Answer: B

Explanation:

Based on the data shown in the graph, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the temperature of a reaction.

The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs is called the reaction rate or rate of reaction. The rate of a reaction is proportional to the increase in product concentration per unit time and the decrease in reactant concentration per unit time.

The rate of a reaction is affected by the following:

the temperature of the reaction - the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the temperature of a reaction. Hence, the rate of a reaction increases with an increase in temperature.

presence of a catalyst - the rate of a reaction increases with the addition of a catalyst. A catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction.

the surface area of the reactants - the rate of a reaction increases with an increase in the surface area of the reactants,

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Answer:

At higher temperatures, chemical reactions occur more quickly.

Explanation:

edmentum

The concentration of water will increase as the forward reaction is favored.

According to Le Chatelier's principle, the system will try to counteract the change, either by shifting the equilibrium position to the left (reverse reaction) or to the right (forward reaction). If oxygen gas is added to the system, the equilibrium of the reaction will shift to compensate for the increase in the concentration of O₂.

In this case, the addition of oxygen gas will favor the forward reaction, as the increase in O₂ concentration will drive the equilibrium towards the product side, where H₂O is formed. This is because the forward reaction consumes O₂, and by increasing its concentration, we increase the driving force for the forward reaction.

As a result, the concentration of water will increase as the forward reaction is favored. However, it is important to note that the degree of shift towards the forward reaction will depend on the initial concentrations of H₂, O₂, and H₂O, as well as the temperature and pressure of the system.

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The statements that best support the student’s claim is that

A cell is described as the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.

A cell has three main parts which include :

The cell membrane surrounds the cell and controls the substances that go into and out of the cell.

In conclusion, Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.

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Answer:

1.052

Explanation:

In order to convert from grams of a substance to moles, we need to divide the given mass by the molar mass of the substance:

All the required data is given by the problem:

There are 1.052 moles in 218.8 grams of iron (III) sulfide.

There are approximately 1.62 x 10^25 water molecules in the 499.8 mL bottle of water.

To determine the number of water molecules in the given volume of water, we need to use the relationship between mass, volume, and molar mass of water.

First, we need to find the mass of water in the bottle:

Mass = Density * Volume

Mass = 0.967 g/mL * 499.8 mL = 483.9 g

Next, we need to convert the mass of water to moles using the molar mass of water. The molar mass of water (H2O) is approximately 18.015 g/mol.

Moles = Mass / Molar mass

Moles = 483.9 g / 18.015 g/mol = 26.88 mol

Finally, we can calculate the number of water molecules using Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol.

Number of molecules = Moles * Avogadro's number

Number of molecules = 26.88 mol * (6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol) = 1.62 x 10^25 molecules

Therefore, there are approximately 1.62 x 10^25 water molecules in the 499.8 mL bottle of water.

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The half life of the dubnium-261, given that 55 g of it has decayed to 1.72 g after 135 seconds is 27 seconds

To obtain the half life of the dubnium-261, we must first determine the number of half lives that has elapsed. This can be obtained as follow:

2ⁿ = N₀ / N

2ⁿ = 55 / 1.72

2ⁿ = 32

2ⁿ = 2⁵

n = 5

Now, we shall obtain the half-life of the dubnium-261. Details below:

n = t / t½

5 = 135 / t½

Cross multiply

5 × t½ = 135

Divide both sides by 5

t½ = 135 / 5

t½ = 27 secods

Thus, we can conclude that the half-life of the dubnium-261 is 27 seconds

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The correct name of the compound is 4-chloro-1-cycloheptene according to IUPAC nomenclature.

The IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming compounds that was put together by the international union of pure and applied chemistry. The system enables the structure of a compound to be easily written from its name.

For the compound shown in the image attached to this answer, the correct name of the compound is  4-chloro-1-cycloheptene according to IUPAC nomenclature.

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The temperature of the gas in Kelvin, after its volume is reduced to 2,450 mL, is approximately 143.27 K.

To determine the temperature of the gas in Kelvin after its volume is reduced, we can use the combined gas law, which relates the initial and final conditions of pressure, volume, and temperature for a given amount of gas.

The combined gas law equation is:

(P₁ * V₁) / T₁ = (P₂ * V₂) / T₂

Where P₁ and P₂ are the initial and final pressures, V₁ and V₂ are the initial and final volumes, T₁ is the initial temperature in Kelvin, and T₂ is the final temperature in Kelvin.

Given that the initial volume V₁ is 3,480 mL, the initial temperature T₁ is -70.0 °C (which needs to be converted to Kelvin), and the final volume V₂ is 2,450 mL, we can substitute these values into the equation.

To convert -70.0 °C to Kelvin, we add 273.15 to it, resulting in T₁ = 203.15 K.

Now we can solve for T₂:

(T₂ * V₁) / T₁ = V₂

T₂ = (V₂ * T₁) / V₁ = (2,450 mL * 203.15 K) / 3,480 mL

Simplifying the equation, we find:

T₂ ≈ 143.27 K

Therefore, the temperature of the gas in Kelvin, after its volume is reduced to 2,450 mL, is approximately 143.27 K.

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(a) tetrahedral (b) tetrahedral (c) bent or V-shaped (d) trigonal planar (e) bent or V-shaped (f) bent or V-shaped (g) linear (h) tetrahedral (i) trigonal planar

(a) The molecular structure is tetrahedral around the sulfur atom, with the four oxygen atoms forming the vertices of the tetrahedron.

(b) The molecular structure is tetrahedral around the chlorine atom, with the three oxygen atoms and hydrogen atom.

(c) The molecular structure is bent or V-shaped around the oxygen atom, with the two hydrogen atoms at the bottom of the V.

(d) The molecular structure is trigonal planar around the nitrogen atom, with the three oxygen atoms and hydrogen atom.

(e) The molecular structure is bent or V-shaped around the oxygen atom, with the hydrogen atom and nitrogen atom.

(f) The molecular structure is bent or V-shaped around the central oxygen atom, with the two other oxygen atoms at the bottom of the V.

(g) The molecular structure around each carbon atom is linear, with the two other carbon atoms forming a straight line with the carbon atom at the center.

(h) The molecular structure around the carbon atom is tetrahedral, with the two other carbon atoms and two fluorine atoms forming the vertices of the tetrahedron.

(i) The molecular structure around each carbon atom is trigonal planar, with the two other carbon atoms forming a straight line.

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--The complete question is, Describe the molecular structure around the indicated atom or atoms:

(a) the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid,

(b) the chlorine atom in chloric acid,

(c) the oxygen atom in hydrogen peroxide, HOOH

(d) the nitrogen atom in nitric acid,

(e) the oxygen atom in the OH group in nitric acid,

(f) the central oxygen atom in the ozone molecule,

(g) each of the carbon atoms in propyne,

(h) the carbon atom in Freon,

(i) each of the carbon atoms in allene--

The given reaction has ΔG value  -12207KJ. Therefore, the given reaction is a spontaneous reaction as value of ΔG is negative.

A spontaneous process refers to anything that happens by itself, without external energy input. A ball is going to roll down an incline, water will flow downhill, ice will melt into water, radioactive elements will decay, and iron will rust, for instance. It is impossible for a reaction to not be spontaneous if it is exothermic (H negative) and increases the entropy for the system (S positive). The system's overall heat capacity is measured in enthalpy. The system's unpredictability is gauged by entropy.

ΔG=ΔH-T×ΔS

ΔG=11-298×41

     = -12207KJ

Since ΔG is negative, reaction is spontaneous

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From the diagram that is shown;

a. The letter B

b. The letter C

c. It is an exothermic reaction

d. Letter A

e. Letter D

f. Letter D

g. Letter A

The progression of a chemical reaction from the reactants (beginning materials) to the products (end products) is conceptually represented by the reaction coordinate. It offers a means of observing and evaluating the energy shifts and structural modifications that take place throughout a reaction.

The horizontal axis of a reaction coordinate diagram or energy profile shows how the reaction is progressing, usually from left to right. The system's potential or free energy is shown on the vertical axis. The reaction coordinate can be expressed in terms of separation, bond length, or any other appropriate parameter that accurately characterizes the reaction's progress.

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The molarity of the 180.0 mL chloric acid, HClO₃ solution needed to neutralize the 440.0 mL of 1.75 M strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)₂ is 8.56 M

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:

2HClO₃ + Sr(OH)₂ —> Sr(ClO₃)₂ + 2H₂O

The molarity of the chloric acid, HClO₃ solution necessary can be obtained as follow:

MaVa / MbVb = nA / nB

(Ma × 180) / (1.75 × 440) = 2

Cross multiply

Ma × 180  = 1.75 × 440 × 2

Divide both side by 180

Ma = (1.75 × 440 × 2) / 180

Ma = 8.56 M

Thus, we can conclude that the molarity of the chloric acid, HClO₃ solution is 8.56 M  

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Complete question:

Given that 180.0 mL chloric acid (HCIO3) reacted with 440.0 mL of 1.75 M strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2). What is the molarity of HCIO3 necessary to neutralize Sr(OH)?

Wanted: [HCIO3] necessary to neutralize Sr(OH)?

If you try to dissolve 100 mg of substance X in 100 ml water at 90°C, the solubility of substance X will determine the type of solution that will result. Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature.

If substance X is soluble in water at 90°C, it will dissolve in the water to form a homogeneous solution. A homogeneous solution is a mixture of two or more substances that have a uniform composition and appearance. The dissolved substance X will be evenly distributed throughout the water, and the solution will be clear and transparent.
If substance X is not soluble in water at 90°C, it will not dissolve in the water, and a heterogeneous mixture will result. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more substances that have a non-uniform composition and appearance. The undissolved substance X will remain as solid particles in the water, and the solution will be cloudy or turbid.
The solubility of substance X in water at 90°C can be influenced by several factors, including temperature, pressure, and the chemical nature of the solute and solvent. If you are unsure about the solubility of substance X in water at 90°C, you can consult reference tables or consult with a qualified chemist for advice.

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