Which of the following does NOT generate random changes in
allele frequencies in a population?

A. Founder effects

B. Natural selection

C. Mutations

D. Population bottleneck

Answer:

那么问题是什么

我不明白

祝你今天过得愉快...

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Genotypes refer to the genetic makeup of an organism, which is determined by the combination of alleles inherited from its parents.

Alleles are different versions of the same gene, and they can either be dominant or recessive. The genotype of an individual determines the traits or characteristics it will display.

For example, if an individual has two dominant alleles for brown eyes (BB), it will have brown eyes, while an individual with one dominant and one recessive allele (Bb) will also have brown eyes, as the dominant allele masks the recessive one.

On the other hand, an individual with two recessive alleles (bb) will have blue eyes, as the recessive allele is expressed.

To know more about Genotypes, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/12116830#

#SPJ11

Answer:

A kinesin is a protein belonging to a class of motor proteins found in eukaryotic cells. Kinesins move along microtubule (MT) filaments, and are powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (thus kinesins are ATPases, a type of enzyme).

The correct phylogenetic order from largest, most inclusive group to smallest, most exclusive group is Protostomia > Ecdysozoa > Arthropoda > Insects. The correct answer is option b.

Protostomia > Ecdysozoa > Arthropoda > Insects

This order represents the hierarchical classification of these groups:

1) Protostomia: This is a major division of the animal kingdom, including organisms in which the mouth develops from the first opening in the embryo (blastopore). It encompasses a wide range of invertebrate phyla.

2) Ecdysozoa: This is one of the major evolutionary lineages within Protostomia, consisting of animals that undergo ecdysis, or molting. Ecdysozoa includes various phyla such as Arthropoda and Nematoda.

3) Arthropoda: This is a phylum within the subbranch Ecdysozoa, and it includes a diverse range of invertebrate animals, such as insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and more. Arthropods are characterized by their segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and exoskeletons.

4) Insects: This is a class within the phylum Arthropoda, specifically referring to a group of arthropods characterized by having three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and typically two pairs of wings (although some species have lost their wings).

Therefore, the correct phylogenetic order, from largest to smallest group, is Protostomia > Ecdysozoa > Arthropoda > Insects.

So, the correct answer is option b. Protostomia > Ecdysozoa > Arthopoda > Insects.

The complete question is -

Which choice blow is the correct phylogenetic order from largest, most inclusive group to smallest, most exclusive group?

a. Ecdysozoa > Arthropoda > Protostomia > Insects

b. Protostomia > Ecdysozoa > Arthopoda > Insects

c. Ecdysozoa > Protostomia > Arthopoda > Insects

d. Anthropoda > Protostomia > Insects > Ecyysozoa

Learn more about phylogenics here:

https://brainly.com/question/30416143

#SPJ11

Answer: Food can be produced in dry areas. Increased runoff can pollute bodies of water. Food can be produced through drought years. Water can improve the livelihood of farmers.

Answer:

B. Increased runoff can pollute bodies of water.

Explanation:

Answer: heating appliance

Explanation:

Does it have legs? (Yes/No)

Yes: Go to 2

No: Go to 3

Does it have more than 4 legs? (Yes/No)

Yes: Grasshopper

No: Snake

Does it have eight legs? (Yes/No)

Yes: Spider

No: Grab

To formulate a dichotomous key using the given organisms (snake, grasshopper, crab, spider), we can follow this structure:

Does the organism have legs?

Yes: Go to question 2.

No: It's a snake.

Does the organism have more than four legs?

Yes: Go to question 3.

No: It's a grasshopper.

Does the organism have a hard exoskeleton?

Yes: It's a crab.

No: It's a spider.

This dichotomous key helps differentiate between the organisms based on their characteristics. By answering the questions sequentially, one can identify the correct organism.

It starts by determining if the organism has legs or not, leading to the snake if it lacks legs. If the organism has legs, the key proceeds to assess the number of legs, identifying the grasshopper if it has four or fewer legs.

Finally, the presence or absence of a hard exoskeleton distinguishes between the crab and spider, with a hard exoskeleton indicating a crab and its absence indicating a spider.

For more such answers on snake

https://brainly.com/question/1192409

#SPJ8

GgYy and GgYy will yield in the phenotype ratio of 9:3:3:1.The genotypes of the two dihybrid heterozygotes can be written as GgYy and GgYy. When we make a Punnett square to cross these two dihybrid heterozygotes

Genes are the basic units of inheritance in living organisms. The combination of alleles that are passed from parents to offspring is determined by Mendelian genetics. The phenotype ratio of 9:3:3:1 is usually observed when crossing two dihybrid heterozygotes. What is the phenotype ratio of the offspring if the dihybrid heterozygotes GgYy and GgYy are crossed together.

Therefore, the genotype ratio is 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 and the phenotype ratio is 9:3:3:1. Thus, option (d) GgYy and GgYy will yield in the phenotype ratio of 9:3:3:1.

Learn more about phenotype

https://brainly.com/question/32443055

#SPJ11

In Drosophila, a cross was made between females expressing the three X-linked recessive traits, scute bristles (sc), sable body (s), and vermilion eyes (v), and males that are wild type.We must determine the three gene sequences and plot distances.

This topic involves Drosophila data from a hybrid between a female with three X-linked recessive features (scute bristles, sable body, and vermilion eyes) and a wild type male. We must determine the three gene sequences and plot distances.

We determine parental genotypes using F1 data. F1 males were triple recessive and females were wild type (SsCcVv) (sscCcv).

Four-strand double crossover (DCC) and nonrecombinant (NR) mapping identify gene order and map distances. We count and table double crossings and non-recombinants. 23.6% of children are ssCv 4-strand double crossovers.

Two crossovers exchanged the ss and Cv alleles. The 2-strand double crossover classes swap Ss or Cv. Non-recombinant alleles are paternal.

Based on the table, the gene order is ss-c-v, with map distances of 36% between ss and c, 24.2% between c and v, and 23.6% between ss and v. Hence, the three genes have the sequence ss-c-v and map distances of 36%, 24.2%, and 23.6%.

Learn more about  gene sequences.

https://brainly.com/question/14006684

#SPJ11

Part One: Energy Pyramid

To create an energy pyramid for the described ecosystem, we need to consider the trophic levels and the flow of energy. The trophic levels represent different positions in the food chain, with energy being transferred from one level to the next. Here's an example of how we can construct an energy pyramid based on the provided information:

Trophic Level 1: Producers (Plants)

Trophic Level 2: Primary Consumers (Herbivores)

Trophic Level 3: Secondary Consumers (Carnivores)

Trophic Level 4: Tertiary Consumers (Top Predators)

In this case, the energy pyramid would have three trophic levels, starting with the producers (plants) at the base, followed by primary consumers (desert fox) in the middle, and secondary consumers (sand grouse) at the top. As there is no mention of tertiary consumers in the provided information, the energy pyramid would not have a fourth trophic level.

Part Two: Food Web

Based on the provided information, we can construct a food web for the field ecosystem. A food web represents the interconnected feeding relationships between different organisms in an ecosystem. Here's an example of how the food web could be constructed:

Primary Producers (Grasses)

Primary Consumers (Deer, Rabbits, Mice, Crickets)

Secondary Consumers (Mountain Lions, Hawks)

The food web illustrates the feeding relationships between organisms in the ecosystem. Primary producers (grasses) are consumed by primary consumers (deer, rabbits, mice, and crickets), which are then consumed by secondary consumers (mountain lions and hawks). Additionally, mice and frogs have a direct feeding relationship as mentioned in the description. Snakes, being tertiary consumers, prey on mice.

\(\huge{\mathfrak{\colorbox{black}{\textcolor{lime}{I\:hope\:this\:helps\:!\:\:}}}}\)

♥️ \(\large{\underline{\textcolor{red}{\mathcal{SUMIT\:\:ROY\:\:(:\:\:}}}}\)

Answer:

Part One: Energy Pyramid

To create an energy pyramid for the described ecosystem, we need to consider the trophic levels and the flow of energy. The trophic levels represent different positions in the food chain, with energy being transferred from one level to the next. Here's an example of how we can construct an energy pyramid based on the provided information:

Trophic Level 1: Producers (Plants)

- Cacti, sagebrush, and low trees

Trophic Level 2: Primary Consumers (Herbivores)

- Desert fox (feeds on plants)

Trophic Level 3: Secondary Consumers (Carnivores)

- Sand grouse (feeds on termites)

- Desert fox (potentially feeds on sand grouse)

Trophic Level 4: Tertiary Consumers (Top Predators)

- None mentioned in the description

In this case, the energy pyramid would have three trophic levels, starting with the producers (plants) at the base, followed by primary consumers (desert fox) in the middle, and secondary consumers (sand grouse) at the top. As there is no mention of tertiary consumers in the provided information, the energy pyramid would not have a fourth trophic level.

Part Two: Food Web

Based on the provided information, we can construct a food web for the field ecosystem. A food web represents the interconnected feeding relationships between different organisms in an ecosystem. Here's an example of how the food web could be constructed:

Primary Producers (Grasses)

- Deer (browsing on leaves)

- Rabbits (feeding on grass)

- Mice (feeding on grass and seeds)

- Crickets (feeding on grass)

Primary Consumers (Deer, Rabbits, Mice, Crickets)

- Mountain lions (predators of deer and rabbits)

- Hawks (predators of snakes, rabbits, mice, and frogs)

Secondary Consumers (Mountain Lions, Hawks)

- Snakes (prey on mice)

The food web illustrates the feeding relationships between organisms in the ecosystem. Primary producers (grasses) are consumed by primary consumers (deer, rabbits, mice, and crickets), which are then consumed by secondary consumers (mountain lions and hawks). Additionally, mice and frogs have a direct feeding relationship as mentioned in the description. Snakes, being tertiary consumers, prey on mice.

Explanation:

Answer:

Antigen-antibody interaction, or antigen-antibody reaction, is a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the white blood cells and antigens during immune reaction. The immune complex is then transported to cellular systems where it can be destroyed or deactivated.

Explanation:

Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen. T lymphocytes attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. They also release chemicals, known as cytokines, which control the entire immune response.

Answer:

Through concentration gradients and a semi-permeable membrane.

Explanation:

Imagine a semi-permeable membrane splitting a beaker into two sides which only water can pass through and salt cannot.

One side is filled with much more salty water than the other. (the saltiness, not the amount of water).

Since the salt cannot pass through the membrane, one side's salt is much more concentrated than the other.

In an effort to restore equilibrium, more water passes to the saltier side to balance out the ratio of water : salt.

Since one side has more salt, more water is needed to balance that out, and hence water moves towards the saltier side.

Hope this helped!

During Jurassic Period, different mammalian lineages independently evolved. This has resulted in d. different digestive patterns in herbivorous animals, depending on gut microbiota to digest and some that do not.

During the Jurassic period, a class of tiny, shrew-like animals known as mammaliaforms gave rise to all mammals. They did develop a herbivorous way of life to get their energy. Digestion habits varied as a result of the evolution of herbivory in animals throughout the Jurassic Period. Others have adaptations like specialized teeth or longer digestive tracts that allow them to process and extract nutrients from plant material without significant reliance on gut microbiota.

Some herbivorous animals have developed specialized digestive systems that rely on symbiotic relationships with gut microbiota to aid in the breakdown of plant material. As a result, choice d appropriately depicts the effects of animal herbivory evolution during the Jurassic Period.

Read more about Jurassic Period on:

https://brainly.com/question/11890801

#SPJ4

Complete Question:

During the Jurassic Period, several different mammalian lineages independently evolved an herbivorous lifestyle for obtaining energy. This has resulted in -

a.  horizontal gene transfer of genes for glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases from bacteria to mammals.

b. different digestive patterns in herbivorous animals that all depend on gut microbiota to digest plant material.

c. the evolution of foregut fermentation, as seen in ruminants, as the only digestive pattern that depends on fermentative gut microbiota.

d. different digestive patterns in herbivorous animals, some that depend on gut microbiota to digest plant material and some that do not.

Whenever a pearlitic microstructure gets maintained for an extended period of time at temperatures close to the eutectoid temperature, spheroidite is created as a microstructural component.

What does eutectoid mean?

When a solid phase has taken the place of a water form in such a eutectic phase diagram, the term "eutectoid" is employed. Otherwise, the definitions of eutectoid and eutectic are the same. For instance, in steels, a solid gamma phase goes through a eutectoid process to transform into a lamellar combination of cementite and alpha.

The eutectoid reaction equation is it?

At 727 °C, the eutectoid reaction takes place: +Fe3C. A lamellar structure made of successive layers containing ferrite (0.022wt.% C) is produced by the diffusional transition of austenite, which decomposes at slow cooling rates to yield pearlite.

To know more about eutectoid visit:

https://brainly.com/question/15345917

#SPJ4

Answer:

b. Locomotion

Explanation:

Reduction of friction helps faster movement.

The lower the friction, the faster the shark can move.

Streptococcus pyogenes is group A strep and S. agalactiae is group B strep. Both of them are catalase-negative bacteria.

Catalase-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that lack the enzyme catalase, which is responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

As a result, these bacteria cannot tolerate the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, which can lead to cellular damage or death. Examples of catalase-negative bacteria include Streptococcus and Lactobacillus species. These bacteria are often associated with infections such as strep throat and urinary tract infections.

To know more about streptococcus , click here:-

https://brainly.com/question/28289540

#SPJ11

(A) The answer to the initial value problem is given by \(\(y = (x^2 + 1)e^x\)\), where \(\(y' - y = 2xe^{2x}\)\) and \(\(y(0) = 1\)\).

(B) The resolution to the initial value problem can be expressed as \(\(y = \frac{2x - (\pi - 1)}{\sin(x)}\)\), where \(\(y' + \cot(x)y = 2\csc(x)\)\) and \(\(y\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) = 1\)\).

(A) To solve the initial value problem:

\(\[y' - y = 2xe^{2x}, \quad y(0) = 1\]\)

We can use an integrating factor method. To begin, let us express the equation in its standard form:

\(\[y' - y - 2xe^{2x} = 0\]\)

The integrating factor \(\(I(x)\)\) is given by \(\(I(x) = e^{\int -1 \, dx} = e^{-x}\)\).

To obtain the solution, apply the integrating factor to both sides of the equation and perform the multiplication.

\(\[e^{-x}(y' - y) - 2xe^{2x}e^{-x} = 0\]\)

This simplifies to:

\(\[e^{-x}y' - e^{-x}y - 2x = 0\]\)

Now, observe that the expression on the left-hand side represents the derivative of \(\((e^{-x}y)\)\) with respect to \(\(x\)\).

Using this observation, we can rewrite the equation as:

\(\[\frac{d}{dx}(e^{-x}y) - 2x = 0\]\)

Integrating both sides with respect to \(\(x\)\), we get:

\(\[e^{-x}y - \int 2x \, dx = C\]\)

where \(\(C\)\) is the constant of integration.

Integrating \(\(\int 2x \, dx\)\), we have:

\(\[e^{-x}y - x^2 + C = 0\]\)

To find the constant \(\(C\)\), we use the initial condition \(\(y(0) = 1\)\).

Substituting \(\(x = 0\)\) and \(\(y = 1\)\) into the equation, we get:

\(\[e^{0} \cdot 1 - 0^2 + C = 0\]\)

\(\[1 + C = 0\]\)

\(\[C = -1\]\)

Substituting \(\(C = -1\)\) back into the equation, we have:

\(\[e^{-x}y - x^2 - 1 = 0\]\)

Finally, we can solve for \(\(y\)\) by isolating it:

\(\[e^{-x}y = x^2 + 1\]\)

\(\[y = (x^2 + 1)e^x\]\)

(B) To solve the initial value problem:

\(\[y' + \cot(x)y = 2\csc(x), \quad y\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) = 1\]\)

We can use an integrating factor method. To begin, we will rewrite the equation in standard form:

\(\[y' + \cot(x)y - 2\csc(x) = 0\]\)

The integrating factor \(\(I(x)\)\) is given by:

\(\(I(x) = e^{\int \cot(x) \, dx} = e^{\ln(\sin(x))} = \sin(x)\).\)

Apply the integrating factor to both sides of the equation and perform the multiplication.

\(\[\sin(x)(y' + \cot(x)y) - 2\csc(x)\sin(x) = 0\]\)

This simplifies to:

\(\[\sin(x)y' + \cos(x)y - 2 = 0\]\)

Now, observe that the expression on the left-hand side represents the derivative of \(\((\sin(x)y)\)\) with respect to \(\(x\)\). Using this observation, we can rewrite the equation as:

\(\[\frac{d}{dx}(\sin(x)y) - 2 = 0\]\)

Integrating both sides with respect to \(\(x\)\), we get:

\(\[\sin(x)y -\)\(\int 2 \, dx = C\]\)

where \(\(C\)\) is the constant of integration. Integrating \(\(\int 2 \, dx\)\), we have:

\(\[\sin(x)y - 2x + C = 0\]\)

To find the constant \(\(C\)\), we use the initial condition \(\(y\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) = 1\).\)

Substituting \(\(x = \frac{\pi}{2}\)\) and \(\(y = 1\)\) into the equation, we get:

\(\[\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot 1 - 2\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) + C = 0\]\)

\(\[1 - \pi + C = 0\]\)

\(\[C = \pi - 1\]\)

Substituting \(\(C = \pi - 1\)\) back into the equation, we have:

\(\[\sin(x)y - 2x + (\pi - 1) = 0\]\)

Finally, we can solve for \(\(y\)\) by isolating it:

\(\[\sin(x)y = 2x - (\pi - 1)\]\)

\(\[y = \frac{2x - (\pi - 1)}{\sin(x)}\]\)

\(\(y = \frac{2x - (\pi - 1)}{\sin(x)}\).\)

To learn more about initial value problem follow the link

https://brainly.com/question/30503609

#SPJ4

The complete question is:

Find The Solution Of The Given Initial Value Problem:

(A) \(\(y' - y = 2xe^{2x}\)\), and \(\(y(0) = 1\)\)

(B) \(\(y' + \cot(x)y = 2\csc(x)\)\), and \(\(y\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) = 1\)\)

The follicle ruptures which releases the ovum into the fallopian tubes. The follicle then turns into a corpus luteum.

Answer:

1) Chicken: Codominance

2) Zebra: Independent assortment

3) Flowers: Incomplete dominance

4) Dalmatian: Law of segregation

Explanation:  

Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files

Answer:

Atoms used energy to make new molecules.

Explanation:

Atoms used energy to make new molecules through making bonds with one another because bonds allow atoms to attached tightly with each other. The energy come from the external environment in order to produce new molecules. So we can conclude that energy is the main ingredient needed for making new molecules and this energy is gained from the environment.

Answer:

I would like to help, but what are the new molecules they are producing? And what are the atoms the question is talking about?

The factor that would NOT increase the virulence of a specific microbe is: c. Production of interferons.

Interferons are proteins produced by the host cells as a defense mechanism against microbial infections, rather than a factor that increases a microbe's virulence. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against viruses by inhibiting viral replication and spreading to neighboring cells. Interferons are part of the host's immune response and are not directly associated with the virulence of a microbe. Therefore, their production would not increase the virulence of a specific microbe.

The other options (secretion of endotoxin, presence of a bacterial capsule, and secretion of invasive enzymes) all contribute to an increased virulence in microbes. Hence, the correct answer is Option C.

Learn more about Interferons here: https://brainly.com/question/29516068

#SPJ11

Answer:

Potential energy

Explanation:

Batteries, biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and coal are examples of chemical energy. Chemical energy is converted to thermal energy when people burn wood in a fireplace or burn gasoline in a car's engine.

Answer:  Potential energy

Explanation:

Answer:omg

Explanation:

c gvhbnn n

Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Human activities include the burning of fossil fuels such as oil (gasoline) and coal. This gas is released into the atmosphere as complete combustion of fossil fuels is achieved.

We can conclude that the correct answer is:

D. CO2 (carbon dioxide), burning fossil fuels

Answer:

The correct answer is - habitat and niche.

Explanation:

The spider monkey gets a place to live in rain, and fruit to eat, and also protection from predators like the jaguar and large snakes from the big forest trees. All these characteristics are the characteristics of the habitat of an organism.

It also explains the position of the spider monkey in the ecosystem and explains how it interact in the ecosystem which is the characteristic of the niche of an organism.

Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by blood vessels rupturing either within or on the surface of the brain. This happens in one of two ways: Bleeding inside of your brain (intracerebral).

A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by blood vessels rupturing either within or on the surface of the brain. This type of stroke is usually caused by a combination of two factors: high blood pressure and a weakened blood vessel wall.

When a person has high blood pressure, the blood vessels become more prone to damage and can begin to weaken. Over time, the weakened blood vessels can rupture, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke. This type of stroke is also caused by arteriovenous malformations (AVM) or an aneurysm, which is an abnormal bulge in the wall of a blood vessel.

When a blood vessel ruptures, it causes bleeding in the brain. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including headache, confusion, weakness, loss of balance, slurred speech, and even coma. Treatment for a hemorrhagic stroke typically involves controlling the bleeding, managing the symptoms, and carefully monitoring the affected area for further damage. This happens when a blood vessel inside of your brain tears or breaks open, causing bleeding that puts pressure on the surrounding brain tissue.

To know more about blood vessel :

brainly.com/question/4601677

#SPJ4

Answer:

Nearsightedness, Farsightedness and Astigmatism. Nearsightedness (myopia) is a very common condition in which the light coming into the eye is not focused properly onto the retina, making it difficult to see objects far away. The condition is usually caused by an elongation of the eyeball that occurs over time.

Explanation: