Calculate and compare the residence times in the atmosphere,
rivers and groundwater on the planet. Comment and compare.
Answers
The residence times in the atmosphere, rivers, and groundwater can vary significantly based on several factors such as the movement and circulation of water, geological characteristics, and human activities. However, I can provide general estimates and comparisons of the residence times for each of these components.
1 Atmosphere: The residence time of water in the atmosphere is relatively short. On average, water molecules spend about 9 days in the atmosphere before being precipitated as rain or snow. However, it's important to note that this average can vary depending on factors such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric dynamics. In regions with high precipitation rates, the residence time can be shorter, while in arid regions, it can be longer.
2. Rivers: The residence time of water in rivers can vary depending on the flow rates, the size of the river basin, and the water inputs from precipitation and groundwater. Generally, water spends a relatively short time in rivers before being transported to larger water bodies such as lakes or oceans. On average, residence times in rivers range from a few weeks to a few months.
3. Groundwater: Groundwater has the longest residence time among the three components. Water infiltrates through the soil and accumulates in underground aquifers. The residence time of groundwater can vary significantly, ranging from a few years to thousands of years. It depends on factors such as the depth and permeability of the aquifer, recharge rates, and extraction rates. In some cases, groundwater can remain stored for thousands of years before resurfacing through springs or being pumped for human use.
In comparing the residence times, it is evident that groundwater has the longest residence time, followed by rivers, and then the atmosphere. Groundwater can remain stored for an extended period, providing a reliable source of water supply in arid regions. Rivers serve as conduits for the transport of water and play a crucial role in the hydrological cycle, connecting different components of the water cycle. The atmosphere acts as a medium for the circulation of water, transporting it through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation processes.
Understanding residence times is important for managing water resources and assessing the vulnerability of different components of the hydrological system to human activities and climate change. It highlights the importance of sustainable groundwater management and the need to protect river ecosystems. Additionally, it underscores the dynamic nature of the water cycle and the interconnectedness of the atmosphere, rivers, and groundwater in maintaining the overall water balance on the planet.
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Related Questions
Which model best represents the results the student would expect to see if the dialysis bag filled with a 5% starch solution is placed in distilled water for one hour?.
Answers
The model that best represents this phenomenon is called Osmosis
In osmosis, a semi-permeable membrane allows the solvent to pass from a higher solvent concentration to a lower solvent concentration (or, to put it another way, from a lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration).
As a result, the dialysis bag with the highest concentrated starch solution will absorb the most water from the outside (present in the beaker).
Line A thus displays the information gathered from the bag containing the highest concentrated starch solution.
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How is speed related to kinetic energy?
Answers
Answer:
K.E. = 1/2mv^2
Explanation:
v is velocity (a vector) not speed (a scalar) but they have the same magnitude
The small piston of a hydraulic lift has an area of 15 cm². A car weighing 45,000 N is placed on the 2500 cm² large piston. How much force is required on the small piston to lift the car?
Answers
Explanation:
I believe the answer is 12 N
Race Track Example:
If the drivers go around the entire track at exactly 195 mph, is their speed constant? Is
their velocity constant? Explain.
Answers
Explanation:
Speed, which is just a scalar magnitude, remains a constant.
Velocity , which is a vector, changes ....velocity is speed magnitude AND direction (as a vector)
Does the roller coaster ever get higher than the first hill?
Answers
A child on a spinning ride at a playground has a centripetal acceleration of 0.80 m/s2. The child completes a full circle every 4.2 s.
How far from the center of the ride is the child?
Answers
The velocity of the child is 3.36 m/s. Then, the distance it covered is 14 meters. The radius from the centre is then, 2.24 m.
What is centripetal acceleration?Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration of a body moving through a circular paths. It is the rate of change of its angular velocity.
The acceleration of the child = 0.80 ms/²
time = 4.2 s
velocity = time interval × acceleration
= 4.2 s × 0.80 ms/²= 3.36 m/s.
Then the distance covered = velocity × time
= 3.36 m/s × 4.2 = 14.22 m.
This is the circumference of the circular path which is equal to 2πR.
The distance from the centre = radius of the path.
2πR = 14.22 m
R = 2.24 m
Therefore, the child will be 2.24 m far from the center of the ride.
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You see a flash of lightning and hear thunder 3 seconds later. If the air temperature is 24°C that day, determine how far away the storm is.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
speed of sound in 24 degrees celsius
345.48m/s
hence 345.48m/s x 3s = 1036.44m
If a rocket travels 35,200 miles in 2 hours, what is
ts speed?
QoC
Answers
Answer: 17,600mph
Explanation:
35,200/2 as there is 2 miles and you are working for miles per one hour.
on an x-ray, an area of low density is said to be ________.
Answers
On an x-ray, an area of low density is said to be radiolucent and shows up as a dark or less dense area in the image.
A region of low density on an X-ray is referred to as radiolucent. Any item or substance that allows X-rays to easily flow through is referred to as radiolucent. It shows up as a darker or less dense area on the X-ray image.
Air, fat, and specific types of tissue are only a few of the causes of radiolucent regions. In contrast to bone, which is solid and difficult for X-rays to pass through, which appears radiopaque or lighter in colour on an X-ray, a lung full with air will seem radiolucent on an X-ray image.
Radiolucent regions on an X-ray can give doctors and other medical professionals important diagnostic data.
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A 0.5kg ball falls from a building that Is 50m high. how much kinetic energy will it have when it has fallen half way to the ground?
Answers
vfinal = root 2ad
v = root (2*9.81m/s^2*25)
v = 69.367175234 m/s
Kinetic energy = 1/2mv^2
Kinetic energy = 1/2 * (69.367175234 m/s^s^2
Ek = 2405.9025 Joules
A 1.0kg cart moving right at 5.0 m/s on a frictionless track collides and
sticks to a second cart moving left at 2.0 m/s. The two carts have a final
speed of 1.0 m/s to the left.
What is the mass of the second cart?
Answers
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1vf + m2vf
m1v1i - m1vf = m2vf - m2v2i
m1(v1i - vf) = m2(vf - v2i)
m2 = [m1(v1i - Vf)] / (vf - v2i)
m2 = [(1)(5 - -1)] / (-1 - -2)
m2 = 6 / 1
m2 = 6 kg
And that’s your final answer! Please press “Thanks”!
Keiko is riding a skateboard 2 m/s, west. How long will it take her to reach a velocity of 8 m/s, west if her acceleration is 2 m/s2?By definition, acceleration is the measure of a velocity change in time. In a particular case when the acceleration is constant, the velocity of an object is changed uniformly (linearly) with time.
If we denote the initial velocity as V_0, the constant acceleration as a and the time since the initial moment as t, then the new speed V at time t will be
V=V_0+at.
In our problem the velocities and the acceleration are given, and we need to solve the above equation for t. It is simple:
t=(V-V_0)/a=(8-2)/2=3(s).This is the answer. Note that it is important that the initial velocity and the final velocity have the same direction (west). If they would have opposite direction, one of them should be taken with a minus sign, and the acceleration might be negative.
Answers
The time taken to reach a velocity of 8 m/s, west if her acceleration is 2 m/s is 3 seconds
Given,
Velocity of Keiko's skateboard = 2 m/s
Velocity to reach = 8 m/s
Acceleration = 2 m/s²
Velocity is known to be the total displacement that occurred in a particular given time.
It is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
By the 1st equation of motion regarding velocities,
v = u + at ...........(1)
where,
v = final velocity = 8 m/s
u = initial velocity = 2 m/s
t = time = ?
a = acceleration = 2 m/s²
Now put all the given values in the above equation 1, we get:
8 m/s = 2m/s + (2 m/s²)t
t = 3 seconds
Therefore, using the velocities, we got the the time taken will be 3 seconds.
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The baker needs 9 eggs, 6 cups of flour, 3 cups of sugar, and 3 sticks of butter to make a total of 3 cakes.. The baker only has 2 sticks of butter. That means the butter is the ___________ because the baker can only make 2 cakes!
Question 19 options:
Product
Reactant
Limiting reactant
Spontaneous reactant
Answers
Answer: Limiting reactant
Explanation:
The limiting reactant is a reactant will get completely consumed up in the reaction. This reactant being in low concentration will lead to the formation of limited amount of product.
In the given situation, since the butter cakes are required to be 3 sticks for making 3 cakes but only 2 cakes are available thus the butter stick is the limiting reactant.
Velocity is vector quantity because??
Answers
Velocity is vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.
Explanation:
velocity is a vector quantity because the person always returns to the original position,the motion would never result in a change in a position.
An ostrich with a mass of 146 kg is running to the right with a velocity of 17 m/s. Find the momentum of the ostrich. (Numerical value only)
Answers
2482 kg. The answer is also in the image
Definition of complex machine
Answers
Answer:A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other.
Explanation: hope this helped!
Which of the following is true for displacement?
(a) It cannot be zero.
(b) Its magnitude is greater than the distance travelled by the object.
(c) displacement may or may not be equal to distance
ab and ccall
Answers
The statement that is true about displacement is that displacement may or may not be equal to the distance travelled.
Displacement can be defined as the shortest distance between the initial and the final position of the body.
Displacement is a vector quantity it has a magnitude as well as direction.
Displacement can be zero, can be negative and it also can be positive.
Displacement may or may not be equal to the distance travelled. Because the object travels in the shortest distance possible then the distance will be equal to the displacement of the object. But if the object take any other path to travel from the initial to final position then that is placement may not be equal to the distance travelled.
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Which statement is true for the freezing of liquid water below 0°C? a) AH is positive; AS is negative; AG is negative b) AH is negative; AS is negative; AG is negative c) AH is positive; AS is positive; AG is positive d) AH is positive; AS is negative; AG is positive
Answers
The freezing of liquid water below 0°C is: a) ΔH is positive; ΔS is negative; ΔG is negative.
This is because energy is required to break the bonds between water molecules and convert them from a liquid to a solid state, hence the positive enthalpy change. However, the arrangement of water molecules becomes more ordered in the solid state, leading to a decrease in entropy and a negative entropy change. The negative entropy change opposes the positive enthalpy change, resulting in a positive free energy change.
The correct answer for the freezing of liquid water below 0°C is: a) ΔH is positive; ΔS is negative; ΔG is negative.
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How does wind affect the amount of rain?
3 or sentence
Answers
Explanation:
Hope it helps you!!
The center of a 1.00 km diameter spherical pocket of oil is 1.00 km beneath the Earth's surface.Estimate by what percentage g directly above the pocket of oil would differ from the expected value of g for a uniform Earth? Assume the density of oil is 8.0×10^2kg/m3.
Answers
By -3.43*10^-3% g directly above the pocket of oil would differ from the expected value of g for a uniform Earth
Define gravitational acceleration.
The acceleration of an object in free fall within a vacuum is known as gravitational acceleration. This is the constant acceleration brought on just by the gravitational pull. Regardless of their masses or compositions, all objects accelerate at the same rate in a vacuum; the measurement and analysis of these rates is known as gravimetry.
D = 1.00 km
r = 1.00 km
ρo= 8.0×10^2kg/m3
Δg=go−ge
Δg=G(Mo−Me)/r2
ρ=m×V
Δg=(G/r2)(ρo−ρe)×V
Δg=(G/r2)(ρo−ρe)*4/3π(D/2)^3
Earth's density: 500kg/m3
Substituting all values in equation, we get:
Δg=−3.37×10^−4 m/s2
Percentage=Δg/g×100
=(-3.37×10^−4/9.8)*100
=-3.43*10^-3%
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The center of a 1.00 km diameter spherical pocket of oil is 1.00 km beneath the Earth's surface. The gravitational field directly above the pocket of oil would be about 0.1% weaker than the expected value for a uniform Earth.
We can use the shell theorem to estimate the change in the gravitational field due to the spherical pocket of oil. The shell theorem states that a spherically symmetric mass distribution exerts the same gravitational force on a test particle outside the distribution as if all the mass were concentrated at the center of the distribution.
In our case, we can approximate the Earth as a uniform sphere with a radius of 6371 km and a mass of 5.97 x \(10^{24}\) kg. The pocket of oil is a smaller sphere with a radius of 0.5 km and a mass of
m = (4/3)π\(r^{3}\)ρ = (4/3)π\((500 m)^{3}\)(8.0 x \(10^{2}\) kg/\(m^{3}\)) = 8.38 x \(10^{11}\) kg
The distance from the center of the Earth to the center of the oil pocket is 6371 km + 1 km = 6372 km.
The gravitational acceleration due to the Earth's mass at a point above the surface (at a distance r from the center) is given by
g = G M / \(r^{2}\)
Where G is the gravitational constant and M is the mass within the radius r.
For a uniform Earth, the expected value of g at a point directly above the center of the oil pocket (at a distance of 6372 km) would be
guniform = G M / \(r^{2}\) = (6.67 x \(10^{-11\) N \(m^{2}\)/\(Kg^{2}\)) (5.97 x \(10^{24}\) kg) / \((6372 km)^{2}\)
= 9.81 m/\(s^{2}\)
The gravitational acceleration due to the oil pocket can be approximated as if all the mass were concentrated at its center
goil = G m / \(roil^{2}\) = (6.67 x \(10^{-11\) N \(m^{2}\)/\(Kg^{2}\)) (8.38 x \(10^{11}\) kg) / \((6372 km + 0.5 km)^{2}\)
= 9.81 m/\(s^{2}\)
The percentage difference between g directly above the pocket of oil and the expected value of g for a uniform Earth is
Δgpercent = (goil - guniform) / guniform x 100% = (9.81 m/\(s^{2}\) - 9.81 m/\(s^{2}\)) / 9.81 m/\(s^{2}\) x 100%
≈ -0.1%
Therefore, the gravitational field directly above the pocket of oil would be about 0.1% weaker than the expected value for a uniform Earth.
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What phenomenon in hearing is analogous to spatial frequency channels in vision?
A. critical bands
B. tonal suppression
C. auditory adaptation
D. the volley principle
Answers
The phenomenon in hearing that is analogous to spatial frequency channels in vision is critical bands. Hence, the correct option is A: Critical bands.
Critical bands are regions of the audible frequency range in which a complex sound is divided into individual, discrete frequency bands by the human auditory system.
For instance, when different frequencies in a complex sound, such as a musical instrument or a human voice, are picked up by the ear, they are sent to the brain via various channels that respond to specific frequencies.
These channels are referred to as critical bands. The frequency range of these bands varies depending on the loudness of the sound.
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How much work is done by a man if he moves a distance of 15m by applying the force of 20N? Find his power if he does the work in 2 seconds. (answer - 300 joule,150w)
Answers
Work= Distance × Force
15 metre × 20 N
300 Joule
Now ,
Power,
2 seconds = 300/2
150 watt
We know that
Unit of Work is Joule
Unit of Power is watt
So,
Work - 300 joule
Power= 150 watt
you have a sample of gas in a container with a movable piston, such as the one in the drawing. part a identify the drawing of the container to show what it might look like if the temperature of the gas is increased from 300 to 500 kk while the pressure is kept constant.
Answers
When the temperature of a sample of gas in a container with a movable piston is increased from 300 to 500 kk while the pressure is kept constant, the piston will move up to increase the volume of the gas.
What is the statement of Charles' law of gases?Charles's law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas provided the pressure of the gas is kept constant.
This law explains that if the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is reduced, the volume of the gas will decrease. Also, if the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is increased, the volume of the gas will increase.
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Dr. Amari is investigating whether automobile accidents in her city increase, decrease, or stay the same 24 hours after daylight savings (this is when the time changes to one hour earlier). She looks up public records at the police station and documents any accidents and notes the dates and times.
Dr. Amari discovers a trend. She finds that accidents do seem to increase right after clocks are reset to an hour earlier.
Which one of the following research techniques is Dr. Amari using?
A. naturalistic observational research
B. archival research
C. experimental research
D. survey research
Answers
Since Dr. Amari finds that accidents do seem to increase right after clocks are reset to an hour earlier. The research techniques that Dr. Amari using is B. archival research.
What is archival research?Archival research is any investigation that looks for, locates, and extracts data and proof from original archives. Archives are documents, records, and other sources pertaining to the actions and claims of people, groups, or both that are historical and not current.
Note that The term "data collection techniques" refers to procedures for gathering and analyzing various types of data. Examining papers pertaining to a topic, as well as conducting interviews and observations, are common methods of gathering data.
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compare the deposition of wind and gravity
Answers
Deposition occurs when the agents (wind or water) of erosion lay down sediment. Deposition changes the shape of the land. Erosion, weathering, and deposition are at work everywhere on Earth. Gravity pulls everything toward the center of Earth causing rock and other materials to move downhill
A sprinter starting from rest on a straight, level track is able to achieve a speed of 12 m/s in 6.0 s. What is the sprinter's average acceleration? Answer in m/s^2 (meters per second squared)
Answers
Given that a sprinter starting from rest on a straight, level track is able to achieve a speed of 12 m/s in 6.0 s. We are supposed to find the sprinter's average acceleration in m/s^2 (meters per second squared).
Average acceleration is defined as the rate at which an object changes its velocity. It is equal to the change in velocity divided by the time taken. Average acceleration = Change in velocity ÷ Time taken
Here, the change in velocity is equal to the final velocity minus the initial velocity. The initial velocity is zero because the sprinter started from rest.
Final velocity, v = 12 m/s
Time taken, t = 6.0 s
Change in velocity = Final velocity - Initial velocity
= v - u = 12 - 0 = 12 m/s
Average acceleration = Change in velocity ÷ Time taken
= 12 ÷ 6= 2 m/s^2
Therefore, the sprinter's average acceleration is 2 m/s^2 (meters per second squared).
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Tính nhiệt lượng cần cung cấp để đun nóng 5kg nước từ nhiệt độ 25 độ C lên 100 độ C. Biết nhiệt dung riêng của nước là 4,18.10^3 J/kg.K
Answers
Answer:
Q = 7837500 Joules.
Explanation:
Cho các dữ liệu sau đây;
Khối lượng = 25 kg
Nhiệt độ ban đầu = 25°C
Nhiệt độ cuối cùng = 100°C
Nhiệt dung riêng = 4,18 * 10³ = 4180 J/kg.K
Để tìm nhiệt lượng cần thiết;
Về mặt toán học, nhiệt dung được cho bởi công thức;
\( Q = mcdt\)
Ở đâu;
Q là nhiệt dung hoặc nhiệt lượng. m đại diện cho khối lượng của một vật. c biểu diễn nhiệt dung riêng của nước. dt thể hiện sự thay đổi của nhiệt độ.Chuyển đổi:
Nhiệt độ ban đầu = 25°C đến Kelvin = 273 + 25 = 298 K
Nhiệt độ cuối cùng = 100°C đến Kelvin = 273 + 100 = 373 K
dt = T2 - T1
dt = 373 - 298
dt = 75 Kelvin
Thay các giá trị vào phương trình, ta có;
\( Q = 25 *4180*75\)
Q = 7837500 Joules.
how do smaller summer ice flores affect polar bears physically?
A. They are eating the same foods as grizzly bears eat
B. Bears are learning to swim in open waters better
C. Bears lose necessary body fat because they must swim longer in open ocean water
D. It has very little effect on bears because they wait until the weather cools
Answers
Answer:
C. Bears lose necessary body fat because they must swim longer in open ocean water
Explanation:
whats going on here ??
Answers
Transferring energy because energy is transferred from the vehicle to whatever it hits
You are searching for a connector to add between a battery and a light bulb. You should select a material that has the ability toResist electron flowAccept neutron flowResist proton flowAccept electron flow
Answers
Answer:
Accept electron flow
Explanation:
The battery gives a change in the potential and the light bulb works like a resistor, so we will need a material that allows the flow of current. Therefore, we need a material that has the ability to accept electron flow.
So, the answer is:
Accept electron flow