The pH of a solution can be calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+], where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. In the case of a NaF solution, the F- ion will react with water to form HF and OH- ions according to the following equation the correct answer is a. 8.09.
F- + H2O ⇌ HF + OH- The HF formed will then react with water to form H3O+ ions and F- ions: HF + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + F-
Since F- is a weak base, it will react with the H3O+ ions produced by the HF to form more HF and H2O:
F- + H3O+ ⇌ HF + H2O
This means that the concentration of H3O+ ions in the solution will be lower than that in pure water, resulting in a pH higher than 7.0. To calculate the pH of the NaF solution, we need to first determine the concentration of H3O+ ions. This can be done using the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction: Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14
Since the solution is not neutral, we can assume that the [OH-] concentration is very small compared to the [H3O+] concentration. Therefore, we can simplify the expression to: [H3O+] ≈ Kw/[OH-] ≈ 1.0 x 10^-14/[F-]
Substituting the given concentration of NaF into this expression, we get: [H3O+] ≈ 1.0 x 10^-14/0.14 = 7.14 x 10^-14
Taking the negative logarithm of this value gives us the pH of the solution: pH ≈ -log(7.14 x 10^-14) ≈ 8.09
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5 grams of iron react with 5 grams of oxygen to produce iron 3 oxide. If I produce 5 grams of product what is my percent yield?
Answer:
5 grams of iron react with 5 grams of oxygen to produce iron 3 oxide.
The actual yield of the reaction is--- 5 grams.
What is the percent yield?
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is:
\(4Fe(s)+3O_{2} (g)->2Fe_{2} O_3(s)\)
1)Identify the limiting reagent.
2)Using the limiting reagent calculate the amount of theoretical yield formed.
Identification of limiting reagent:
4 mol of Fe reacts with 3mol. of O2
that is:
4mol(55.84g/mol) of Fe reacts with ---- 3mol (32.0g/mol)
=223.36g of Fe reacts with ---- 96g. of O2
then,
5g of Fe requires how many grams of O2?
\(=>5g. of Fe * \frac{96g O2}{223.36g Fe} \\=2.14g. of O_{2} .\\\)
But provided 5g of O2.
So, O2 is present more than required.
Hence, O2 is the excess reagent and the limiting reagent is Fe.
The amount of product formed depends only on the amount of Fe only.
Theoretical yield:
From the balanced chemical equation:
4mol. of Fe forms ----- 2mol. of Fe2O3.
that is
223.36g of Fe forms --- 2(159.68g)of Fe2O3.
=>223.36g of Fe forms --- 319.36g of Fe2O3.
then,
5g of Fe forms ----? grams of Fe2O3
\(=>5g of Fe * \frac{319.36g Fe2O3}{223.36g of Fe} \\=7.14g. of Fe2O3\\\)
\(%Error =\frac{actual yield}{theoretical yield} * 100\\\\ %error=\frac{5g}{7.14g} * 100\\ %error =70.0\)% error=actual yield/ theoretical yield x 100
%error=5g./7.14g x100
=>%error=70.0
Hence, the answer is 70.0%.
what is the percent yield of sulfur dioxide if the burning of 25.0 g of carbon disulfide produces 40.5 g of sulfur dioxide?
Answer:
25-54-46-36 619-73 77-88-50
In the molecular formula 4Al(OH)₃ - the number "4" is the ___________ and it tells you_______
1.Coefficient; how many atoms of aluminum there are
2.Coefficient; how many molecules of Aluminum hydroxide there are
3.Subscript; how many atoms of aluminum there are
4.Subscript; how many molecules of aluminum hydroxide there ar
Answer:
2.coefficient how many molecules of Aluminum hydroxide there are
Kin 170 following the depletion of the immediate energy source, your body goes to its second energy source by breaking down simple sugars called?
Our body goes to its second energy source by breaking down simple sugars called Monosaccharides.
What is Monosaccharides ?Monosaccharides are also known as simple sugars. It is the simplest form of sugars that means they cannot be broken down by hydrolysis into simpler sugars. It is used as building blocks to form complex sugars.
Examples of Monosaccharides are Glucose, Fructose, Galactose etc.
What is structure of Monosaccharides ?The structure of Monosaccharides is (CH₂O)ₙ. It consist single unit chain. Monosaccharides used to store energy and produce energy.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Our body goes to its second energy source by breaking down simple sugars called Monosaccharides.
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Please choose the correct sequence that describes the excitement of an atom.
Such an electron transition raises the atom from the ground state to the excited state.
When energy is added to an atom from an outside source, its electrons move to a higher energy level (orbit)
As a result, the atom emits a photon.
When the atom is in an excited state, the electron can drop from the higher energy level to a lower energy level.
A) 2, 1, 4, 3
B) 4, 3, 2, 1
C) 3, 4, 1, 2
D) 1, 2, 3, 4
is it possible to recover reactants like sugar from a drink mix using heat? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Yes it is.
Explanation:
If you melted down the sugar, you can clearly use it.
for primary amines with no branching on the carbon bearing the nitrogen, the base peak occurs at m/z 30. what cation does this peak represent? draw the two contributing resonance structures of this cation in the window below. draw only the two resonance structures.
For primary amines with no branching on the carbon bearing the nitrogen, the base peak occurs at m/z 30.
This peak represents the cation formed by the loss of a methyl radical, CH3+, from the primary amine. The two contributing resonance structures of this cation are given below:
In the mass spectra of primary amines, the base peak usually corresponds to the loss of a methyl radical, CH3+. This results in a cation with a molecular weight of (M 15) or (M CH3) and a mass-to-charge ratio of 30.
The cation is formed by removing a hydrogen ion from the primary amine and then ejecting a methyl radical from the resulting radical cation.
For example, the mass spectra of n-propylamine exhibit a base peak at m/z 30, which corresponds to the formation of the n-propylammonium ion (CH3CH2CH2NH3+).
The two contributing resonance structures of this cation are shown below: T
Hence, the correct answer is the cation formed by the loss of a methyl radical, CH3+.
The two contributing resonance structures of this cation are given above.
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What structural feature in a molecule is necessary for a gas to absorb ir radiation?.
The ability to absorb infrared radiation is a feature of some atmospheric gases. The two main gases in the atmosphere, oxygen and nitrogen, lack this feature. It is known as the absorption of IR energy when infrared light impacts a molecule, like carbon dioxide, and causes the bonds to flex and vibrate.
Molecular motions must alter the molecule's dipole moment in order for them to absorb infrared radiation. This requirement is met by all molecules having three or more atoms, making them all IR absorbers.
Molecular entities with a modest energy gap between the vibrational and rotational states commonly absorb IR light. A net change in a molecule's dipole moment as it oscillates or spins is a requirement for IR absorption.
Infrared (IR) energy can be absorbed by carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule.
The infrared radiation released by the Earth's surface is trapped by greenhouse gases such water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
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Distinguish among solids, liquids, and gases on the basis of their shape, their volume, and how their particles are packed together.
Answer the questions that follow
1. State the equation used to find the amount of substance (n)
n=m/mm
Amount of Substance (n) = Mass/Molar mass
PLEASE HELP!!! WILL MARK BRAINLIESG!!!!!
potassium carbonate (K_2CO_3) has one potassium atom bonded to carbon, and that carbon is also bonded to three oxygens. Their electronegatives are shown in the list:
* K: 0.82
* C: 2.55
* O: 3.44
how would you describe the bonds (K-C and C-O) in this molecule?
A. K-C is polar covalent, and C-O is nonpolar covalent.
B. K-C is ionic, and C-O is nonpolar covalent
C. K-C is ionic, and C-O is polar covalent
D. K-C is polar covalent, and C-O is polar covalent.
substance a reacts spontaneously with substance b at room temperature. Substance a reacts with substance c at room temperature only in the presence of a catalyst. Which statement best explains this difference?
A. The reaction between substances a and B has a lower activation energy than the reaction between substances B and C
B. The reaction between substances a and B is endothermic
C. The reaction between substances a and b is exothermic
D. The reaction between substances a and B has a lower relative potential energy than the reaction between substances B and C.
endothermic reactions absorb a lot of energy. Exothermic reactions give off a lot of energy. Which type of reaction has a higher activation energy? Which one takes more energy to break up the bonds of the reactants?
A. endothermic reactions have a higher activation energy. Endothermic reactions require more energy to break up the bonds of the reactants.
B. exothermic reactions have a higher activation energy. Exothermic reactions require more energy to break up the bonds of the reactants
C. endothermic reactions have a higher activation energy. Exothermic reactions require more energy to break up the bonds of the reactants
D. exothermic reactions have a higher activation energy endothermic reactions require more energy to break up the bonds of the reactants
element molar mass (g/mol)
silicon 28.09
oxygen 16.00
how many molecules of silicon dioxide (SiO_2) are there in a 15-gram sample?
A. 1.503 * 10^23
B. 6.022 * 10^23
C. 2.049 * 10^23
D. 1.251 * 10^23
A large room is filled with mouse traps, each trap set with two plastic balls on the arm of the trap. A single plastic ball is thrown into the room, setting off one trap. This causes three plastic balls to be in the air, which then land and set off three other traps, and so on. How could this be evaluated as a model for fission?
A. The plastic balls are a good representation of neutrons, but there is no joining of nuclei as happens in fission.
B. The plastic balls are a good representation of the energy given off by the nucleus but there is no splitting of nuclei as happens in fission.
C. The plastic balls are a good representation of neutrons, but there is no splitting of nuclei as happens in fission.
D. The plastic balls are a good representation of the energy given off by the nucleus, but there is no joining of nuclei that happens in fission.
A nucleus decays to produce a nucleus with one additional proton. Which type of decay did the nucleus undergo?
A. beta-minus decay
B. beta-plus decay
C. Gamma decay
D. Alpha decay
which type of decay is a form of nuclear fission?
A. gamma decay
B. alpha decay
C. beta-minus decay
D. beta-plus decay
why do some atmospheric gases act as greenhouse gases, while others do not?
A. The industrial revolution changed the components of the atmosphere, causing some gases to become greenhouse gases.
B. naturally occurring gases do not act as greenhouse gases, well human made gases do.
C. non-greenhouse gases are made of only one element, like nitrogen or oxygen.
D. greenhouse gases have more than two atoms, allowing them to vibrate and release radiation, warming the atmosphere.
which option correctly identifies a cause and consequence of water pollution?
A. cause: chlorofluorocarbons consequence: depletion of ozone layer
B. cause: runoff of pesticides consequence: global warming
C. cause: particulates consequence: smog
D. cause: acid rain consequence: destruction of crops
which outcome is most likely result of eutrophication of a waterway?
A. toxic bacteria in the water supply
B. overpopulation of aquatic plants
C. production of the algae population
D. reduced storm runoff
despite fracking being a controversial process in the fuel industry, it is still used today. Why?
A. it reaches hard to get oil and gas deposits
B. there is a little environmental harm done to the land
C. it is inexpensive to do
D. it can be done on lands no one wants
1) The bond between K-C in potassium carbonate is ionic, while the bond between C-O is polar covalent.
2) The statement that best explains the difference between the reaction of substance a with substance b and substance c is that the reaction between substances a and B has a lower activation energy than the reaction between substances B and C.
3) Endothermic reactions have a higher activation energy and require more energy to break up the bonds of the reactants.
4) There are 2.049 x \(10^{23}\)molecules of silicon dioxide (\(SiO_{2}\)) in a 15-gram sample.
5) The model with mouse traps, where a single plastic ball is thrown into the room, causing three plastic balls to be in the air, which then land and set off three other traps, can be evaluated as a model for fission because the plastic balls are a good representation of neutrons, but there is no splitting of nuclei as happens in fission.
6) If a nucleus decays to produce a nucleus with one additional proton, the type of decay that the nucleus underwent is beta-plus decay.
7) The type of decay that is a form of nuclear fission is alpha decay.
8) Greenhouse gases act as greenhouse gases because they have more than two atoms, allowing them to vibrate and release radiation, warming the atmosphere.
9) The most likely result of eutrophication of a waterway is the overpopulation of aquatic plants.
10) Fracking is still used today because it reaches hard-to-get oil and gas deposits, but it is a controversial process that can cause environmental harm to the land.
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What is different about the atomic structure of the oxygen isotopes?
Answer:
Each isotope of oxygen contains 8 protons, but differs in the number of neutrons. An isotope number is a shorthand representation of its mass. Because protons and neutrons are roughly equal in mass, an isotope's number is equal to the sum of its protons and neutrons.
Explanation:
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons. The difference in the number of neutrons between the various isotopes of an element means that the various isotopes have different masses.
what is na2so4 molar mass
The molar mass of Na₂SO₄, or sodium sulfate, is 142.04 g/mol that can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of each element in the compound.
Na₂SO₄ contains two sodium atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms. The atomic mass of sodium is 22.99 g/mol, sulfur is 32.06 g/mol, and oxygen is 16.00 g/mol. Therefore, the molar mass of Na₂SO₄ can be calculated as follows:
(2 x 22.99 g/mol) + (1 x 32.06 g/mol) + (4 x 16.00 g/mol) = 142.04 g/mol
So the molar mass of Na₂SO₄ is 142.04 g/mol.
The molar mass is an important concept in chemistry because it allows us to convert between the mass of a substance and the number of moles of that substance. One mole of a substance contains Avogadro's number of particles, which is approximately 6.02 x 10²³. Therefore, the molar mass of a substance in grams is equal to the mass of one mole of that substance.
In the case of Na₂SO₄ the molar mass of 142.04 g/mol means that one mole of Na₂SO₄ weighs 142.04 grams. This can be useful in chemical reactions where the reactants and products are measured in moles. For example, if we wanted to react one mole of Na₂SO₄ with another substance, we would need 142.04 grams of Na₂SO₄.
Therefore, the molar mass of Na₂SO₄ is 142.04 g/mol, which is calculated by adding the atomic masses of the elements in the compound. The concept of molar mass is important in chemistry because it allows us to convert between the mass of a substance and the number of moles of that substance.
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Which of the following correctly lists the pair of subatomic particles that balances the
charge of the atom?
F Protons and neutrons
G Electrons and neutrons
H Protons and electrons
j Electrons
What forces typically hold ions together?
O A. Intermolecular forces
OB. Ionic attractions
OC. Metallic bonds
O D. Covalent bonds
Answer: Ionic attractions
Explanation:
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Below is the structure for the amino acid glycine. Which bond angles are closest to the actual values for the h-n-c and o-c-o bond angles? consider all lone pairs of electrons as substituents when answering this question.
We have that the bond angles that are closest to the actual values for the h-n-c and o-c-o bond angles are
109.5 degrees.120 degrees.H-N-C and O-C-O bond anglesGenerally, In H-N-C bond nitrogen has Sp3 hybridization, it will have the angle 109.5 degrees.
In O-C-O bond C atom has sp^2 Hybridization so it will have the angle by 120 degrees.
Therefore,bond angles that are closest to the actual values for the h-n-c and o-c-o bond angles are
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2+2+2 plssssssssssssssssssssssssss
Answer:
6
Explanation:
2+2+2=6 :)
Answer:
6
Explanation:
vvvffhjh DC hcf vhcnbfhbc
Doctors are seeing an alarming increase in the number of cases of tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to drugs commonly used to treat the disease. TB is difficult to pass to other people without prolonged contact, but it is often fatal if it is not treated.
How will doctors most likely respond to someone who has an active case of drug-resistant tuberculosis?
Answer:
Doctors will use other drugs that are known to be able to treat TB, even if they are less effective than the common drugs.
Explanation:
When a case of drug resistance is established, the doctor has to change the prescription and give other drugs that are also known to be effective against the organism.
Bacterial drug resistance is a common clinical experience. Many established drugs have been found to be ineffective in treating common infections leading to the continuous quest for improved antibiotics that are active against most organisms.
When doctors discover that someone who has an active case of drug-resistant tuberculosis, the doctor may need to change the prescription to other drugs that are also known to be effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent of tuberculosis.
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Give an example and a non-example of a chemical reaction. Explain your choices.
the compound calcium nitrite is a strong electrolyte. write the reaction when solid calcium nitrite is put into water.
When solid calcium nitrite is put into water, it dissociates completely into ions. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: Ca(NO2)2(s) + H2O(l) → Ca2+(aq) + 2NO2−(aq) + 2H+(aq)
The compound calcium nitrite is a strong electrolyte. The compound calcium nitrite is composed of calcium cation (Ca2+) and nitrite anion (NO2−). In an aqueous solution, it dissociates completely into these ions. The calcium cation (Ca2+) has a charge of +2 and the nitrite anion (NO2−) has a charge of -1. Therefore, two nitrite ions are needed to balance the charge of one calcium ion. Thus, the reaction of solid calcium nitrite in water results in the formation of calcium ions, nitrite ions, and hydrogen ions.
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Convert 0.0009 Mm to millimeters.
A. 900 mm
B. 900000 mm
C. 9 x 10^-13 mm
D. 900000000 mm
E. 90 mm
F.9 x 10-7 mm
G. 9000 mm
H. 9 x 10-10 mm
Answer:
0.0009 Meters =
0.9 Millimeters
Which condition is likely to result in the MOST competition?
organisms that live in different habitats
organisms that live in the same biome
organisms that get energy from the same plant
organisms that classified in the same kingdom
What is the pH of a solution that has a [OH-] = 5.8 x 10^-9
A. 8.2
B. 5.8
C. 9.8
D. 4.2
The pH of a solution that has a [OH-] = 5.8 x 10⁻⁹ is 5.76.
What is pH?
A pH scale is a tool for measuring acids and bases. The scale ranges from 0-14. Range of 0-6 represents acids and range of 8-14 represents bases. The value of pH 7 represents neutral solution.
pH = -log [H+]
Also, pH = 14 - pOH
Given,
[OH-] = 5.8 x 10⁻⁹
pOH = -log [OH-]
pOH = 9 - 0.763 = 8.23
Hence, pH = 14 - 8.23 = 5.76
Therefore, the pH of a solution that has a [OH-] = 5.8 x 10⁻⁹ is 5.76.
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when compared to other common fluids, the prandtl number of liquid metals is very low due to their ______.
When compared to other common fluids, the Prandtl number of liquid metals is very low due to their low thermal conductivity
Generally low thermal conductivity indicates towards a good insulating material. Basically materials lying in between these have neither significant insulating or conducting properties. Basically, cement and glass neither conduct extremely large amounts of heat nor do they insulate extremely well.
Following the rule of thumb, the lower the thermal conductivity is the better it is, because the material conducts less heat energy. Thermal conductivity is generally defined as a property of the material and does not take into account thickness. It is known that two different thicknesses of the same material still have the same λ-value.
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The mass spectrum of an organic compound shows the relative abundances of M to be 34.76% and M 1 to be 2.632%. Assuming the peaks are caused by C12 and C13 isotopes, determine the number of carbon atoms in the compound. The natural abundance of C12 is 98.93%, and the natural abundance of C13 is 1.07%.
The number of carbon atoms present in any compound is equal to seven.
How do we calculate the number of carbon atoms?Number of carbon atoms present in any compound will be calculated by using the following equation:
No. of Carbon atoms = Relative intensity of M+1 peak / Natural abundance of C13
Intensity of molecular peak = 34.76%
Intensity of M+1 peak = 2.632%
Relative intensity of M+1 peak = (100/34.76)×2.632 = 7.57%
Given that natural abundance of M+1 = 1.07%
On putting values on above equation, we get
No. of C atoms = 7.57 / 1.07 = 7.07 = 7 (approx)
Hence number of carbon atoms is 7.
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As atomic radius decreases, electronegativity __________. This is mostly because a smaller atomic radius represents a ________ hold on the valence ________.
As atomic radius decreases, electronegativity increases. This is mostly because a smaller atomic radius represents a stronger hold on the valence electrons.
why do researchers think the first self-replicating molecule was rna?
Researchers believe that RNA was the first self-replicating molecule since RNA can both store hereditary data and catalyze synthetic responses, including the development of more RNA through self-replication.
This blend of qualities is remembered to have been basic at the beginning of life, as it gave a way for hereditary data to be passed on and for new duplicates of the hereditary material to be made, prompting the development of early living systems.
Moreover, RNA can exist in various structures, some of which can overlay into complex designs that might have worked with synthetic responses and the development of additional complicated molecules, further supporting that RNA assumed a vital part at the beginning of life.
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How much energy does it take to boil 100 mL of water? (Refer to table of constants for water. )
A. 100 mL × 1g divided by 1mL × 1mol divided by 18. 02g × 6. 03 kJ/mol = 33. 5 kJ
B. 100 mL × 1g divided by 1mL × 1mol divided by 18. 02g × (–285. 83 kJ)/mol = –1586 kJ
C. 100 mL × 1g divided by 1mL × 1mol divided by 18. 02g × 40. 65 kJ/mol = 226 kJ
D. 100 mL × 1g divided by 1mL × 1mol divided by 18. 02g × 4. 186 kJ/mol = 23. 2 kJ
Therefore, it takes approximately 23.2 kJ of energy to boil 100 mL of water.
The correct answer is D. 100 mL × 1g divided by 1mL × 1mol divided by 18.02g × 4.186 kJ/mol = 23.2 kJ
To calculate the energy required to boil 100 mL of water, we need to use the specific heat capacity of water, which is approximately 4.186 J/g·°C. The molar mass of water is 18.02 g/mol.
First, we convert the volume of water from milliliters to grams:
100 mL × 1 g/1 mL = 100 g
Then, we calculate the number of moles of water:
100 g × 1 mol/18.02 g = 5.548 mol
Finally, we multiply the number of moles by the molar heat of vaporization of water, which is approximately 40.65 kJ/mol:
5.548 mol × 4.186 kJ/mol = 23.2 kJ
Therefore, it takes approximately 23.2 kJ of energy to boil 100 mL of water.
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manganese-56 is a beta emitter with a half-life of 2.6 hours. what is the mass of manganese-56 in a 1.0mg sample remaining at the end of 10.4 hours?
The mass of manganese-56 in a 1.0mg sample remaining at the end of 10.4 hours is 0.0025mg
What is Half Life?
Half-life, in radioactivity, is the amount of time needed for half of a radioactive sample's atomic nuclei to decay (change spontaneously into other nuclear species by emitting particles and energy), or, alternatively, the amount of time needed for a radioactive material's rate of disintegrations per second to decrease by half.
Cobalt-60, a radioactive isotope used in radiotherapy, has a half-life of 5.26 years, for instance. As a result, after that time, a sample that contained 8 g of cobalt-60 at first would only have 4 g of cobalt-60 and would produce half as much radiation. Only 2 g of cobalt-60 would remain in the sample after an additional delay of 5.26 years. The initial sample's mass and volume don't change noticeably,
10.4/2.6= 4
The mass of manganese-56 in a 1.0mg sample remaining at the end of 10.4 hours is 0.0025mg
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Chemists once believed that an atom was made of negative electrons dispersed inside a positive mass like raisins in pudding. An experiment with radiation and gold foil demonstrated that most of an atom was
made of empty space. After this experiment, they adopted a new model of the atom that showed the electrons orbiting the nucleus of the atom from a distance. Which of the following statements about the new
model is true?
The new model is perfect and will not change.
The new model is a wrong model and will not last.
The new model fits the data worse than the old model.
The new model fits the data better than the old model.
the new model fits the data better than the old model
The true statement about the new model is the new model fits the data better than the old model. The correct option is b.
What is Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, he discovered that most particles passed through the gold foil, some were distributed in other directions, and very few were redirected back toward the source.
Because all the particles would pass through without being deflected if there was a symmetrical distribution of charges, this experiment proves that the plum pudding model was erroneous.
Rutherford’s gold foil experiment demonstrated how tightly packed the positive charge is within the atom. This was a better experiment.
Thus, the correct option is b. The new model fits the data better than the old model.
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