can someone help answer this? thanks!

if surface tension relies on intermolecular forces, how could you make surface tension decrease?
(think about how and where molecules bind to each other)

Regardless of the representation used, the particles in a compound are arranged in a specific way based on the elements that make up the compound and the forces that hold the atoms together.

What is Particle?

In physics and chemistry, a particle is a very small, discrete unit of matter or energy. Particles can refer to atoms, molecules, ions, subatomic particles (such as electrons, protons, and neutrons), or other small objects such as dust or pollen.

In the context of particle physics, particles are studied to understand the fundamental nature of matter and energy. These particles are often classified as either fermions or bosons based on their spin and obey the laws of quantum mechanics.

When elements combine to form compounds, the atoms of the individual elements come together to form molecules or ions of the compound. These molecules or ions are made up of a specific number of atoms of each element, and the way these atoms are arranged in space determines the properties of the compound.

One way to represent particles in a compound is using a chemical formula. A chemical formula uses chemical symbols to represent the elements in the compound and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the molecule or ion. For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O, indicating that the molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms (H) and one oxygen atom (O).

Another way to represent particles in a compound is using a structural formula or a molecular model. Structural formulas show the arrangement of atoms in the molecule and the bonds between them, while molecular models use physical models to represent the spatial arrangement of atoms and the shape of the molecule.

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water is a pure substance

Approximately 24.55 cm^3 of oxalic acid must be added to sufficient water to give a 1.500 liter solution with a formal concentration of 0.300 F.

To find the volume of oxalic acid needed to make a 1.500 liter solution with a formal concentration of 0.300 F, we need to use the equation:

Formal concentration (F) = (moles of solute) / (volume of solution in liters)

First, we need to calculate the moles of oxalic acid required. The formal concentration (F) is given as 0.300, so:

0.300 = (moles of oxalic acid) / 1.500

Rearranging the equation, we find:

moles of oxalic acid = 0.300 * 1.500

moles of oxalic acid = 0.450

Next, we can calculate the mass of oxalic acid needed using its molecular mass:

mass of oxalic acid = moles of oxalic acid * molecular mass

mass of oxalic acid = 0.450 * 90.03

mass of oxalic acid = 40.5145 g

Finally, we can calculate the volume of oxalic acid needed using its density:

volume of oxalic acid = mass of oxalic acid / density

volume of oxalic acid = 40.5145 g / 1.65 g/cm^3

volume of oxalic acid = 24.55 cm^3

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In the redox reaction 5NO2^- + 6H^+ + 2MnO4^- → 5NO3^- + 2Mn^2+ + 3H2O, NO2^- is the reducing agent, MnO4^- is the oxidizing agent, and H^+ is neither.

The given reaction is:

5NO2^- + 6H^+ + 2MnO4^- → 5NO3^- + 2Mn^2+ + 3H2O

To classify each reactant as the reducing agent, oxidizing agent, or neither, we first need to identify the oxidation states of each element in the reactants and products:

NO2^-: N is +3
H^+: H is +1
MnO4^-: Mn is +7
NO3^-: N is +5
Mn^2+: Mn is +2
H2O: O is -2, H is +1

Now, let's determine the change in oxidation states for the species involved:

N: +3 to +5 (increase of 2)
Mn: +7 to +2 (decrease of 5)

Since N's oxidation state increased, NO2^- is the reducing agent. As Mn's oxidation state decreased, MnO4^- is the oxidizing agent. H^+ is neither a reducing nor oxidizing agent as its oxidation state does not change in the reaction.

So, in the redox reaction 5NO2^- + 6H^+ + 2MnO4^- → 5NO3^- + 2Mn^2+ + 3H2O, NO2^- is the reducing agent, MnO4^- is the oxidizing agent, and H^+ is neither.

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Answer:

not enough information need more information to answer it

According to the given statement Most radioactive element have more proton than neutron.

For instance, the Earth's crust naturally contains the radioactive elements uranium and thorium. These two elements progressively alter their forms over millions of years, leading to the production of decay byproducts like radon and radium. Energy is released during this process. Alpha radiation is one type of this energy.

By monitoring the activity of the relevant radioisotopes, it is possible to identify naturally occurring radioactive materials. When it comes to radioactive materials with brief half-lives, these measurements are very useful. Despite being the most ionizing, alpha particles have a relatively shallow penetration depth; they cannot reach the skin's higher layers.

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When positron emission takes place, a neutron changes into a proton and a positron.

Positron emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton-rich nucleus in an atom undergoes a transformation that changes one of its neutrons into a proton and a positively charged particle called a positron. The newly created proton remains in the nucleus, while the positron is emitted from the atom.

The overall effect of positron emission is to decrease the number of neutrons in the nucleus and increase the number of protons, resulting in a different element.

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The radioisotope that would decay the most ought to be Fr-220. Option C

The term half life of the radioactive isotope has to do with the time that it would take for us to have only half of the number of the original radioactive atoms to be left. We have to find the half life of each of the isotopes so that we can be able to get the one that has decayed the most.

For P - 32

Half life = 14.3 days

Using;

N/No = (1/2)^t/\(t_{\frac{1}{2} }\)

N = amount present at time t

No = initial amount

t = time taken

\(t_{\frac{1}{2} }\) = half life

Hence;

N/10 = (1/2)^28/14.3

N =  (1/2)^28/14.3 * 10

N = 2.6 g

For Kr-85

Half life 10.76 years or 3927.4 days

N/10 =  (1/2)^3927.4/28

N =  (1/2)^3927.4/28 * 10

N = 5.97 * 10^-47 g

For Fr-220;

27.40 seconds or 0.00032 days

N/10 =  (1/2)^0.00032 days/28 days

N =  (1/2)^0.00032 days/28 days * 10

N = 10 g

For  I-131

Half life = 8 days

N/10 =  (1/2)^8/28

N = (1/2)^8/28 * 10

N = 8.2 g

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Answer:

89-91=1 the answer is 1molar mass

The atomic theories of Dalton and Democritus does converge in a common idea of the indivisibility of the atom.

We know that the atomic theory is the description of the atom from diverse perspectives. Actually, we begin the idea of the atomic theory from the would of Democritus. In the time of Democritus, there were no empirica laboratories hence, he had to make do with the theoretical approaches to the idea of the atom. He put forward the idea of the indivisibility of the atom.

This idea of the indivisibility of the atom became a resonating theme in the study of the atom from the time of Democritus down to the time of John Dalton. According to the Dalton Atomic theory, the atom is indivisible and the atoms of an element can be able to combine with the atoms of other elements in small simple ratios.

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Answer:Sublimation is the conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage. For those of us interested in the water cycle, sublimation is most often used to describe the process of snow and ice changing into water vapor in the air without first melting into water.

Explanation:

Answer:

imbibición

Explanation:

La propiedad responsable del fenómeno observado es la imbibición de la puerta de madera maciza.

La imbibición se refiere a una situación en la que las partículas sólidas de una sustancia absorben agua sin formar una solución.

A medida que la puerta de madera absorbe agua, se hincha. Esto es responsable del levantamiento de la puerta. Esta absorción de agua ocurre cuando la temperatura y la humedad relativa son altas. Esto es así porque el aire más cálido retiene más humedad.

According to the observations, work of scientist uses evidence while work of an engineer uses a practical approach.

Observations are defined as a set of statements or facts which are recorded while conducting an experiment.Observations are made through sensing changes in the variables of the experiment.

It is specifically defined as an act of knowing or recording the changes in the variables of the experiment.Recording observations holds importance as recording observations avoid the experiment to be repeated over and over again.

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When iron rusts, it reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide. Since oxygen is being used up in the process, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air decreases as iron rusts.

Oxygen is one of the components of air, which is a mixture of several gases. When a sample of air is exposed to rusting iron, oxygen in the air reacts with the iron to form iron oxide. The process of rusting involves the transfer of electrons from the iron atoms to the oxygen atoms, which makes the iron atoms positively charged and the oxygen atoms negatively charged. These charged atoms are known as ions.The reaction between oxygen and iron is exothermic, which means that it releases heat. This heat is a result of the transfer of electrons from iron to oxygen, which generates energy. As a result of this reaction, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air decreases, since oxygen is being used up in the process. The total pressure of the mixture remains constant, but the concentration of oxygen decreases as it reacts with iron.

In conclusion, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air decreases as iron rusts, because oxygen is being used up in the process. This is due to the reaction between oxygen and iron, which results in the formation of iron oxide. The total pressure of the mixture remains constant, but the concentration of oxygen decreases as it reacts with iron.

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The first blank should be filled with "chemical shift." The chemical shift is the position of a signal on the NMR spectrum, and it is measured in parts per million (ppm). The chemical shift is determined by the magnetic field experienced by the hydrogen atoms in the molecule and is influenced by the surrounding electron density.

The second blank should be filled with "splitting." Splitting is the appearance of a signal on the NMR spectrum and is caused by the spin-spin coupling between neighboring hydrogen atoms. The splitting is based on the formula N+1, where N is the number of equivalent neighboring hydrogen atoms. The splitting pattern gives information about the number and arrangement of hydrogen atoms in the molecule.

The third blank should be filled with "integration." Integration is the area under a signal on the NMR spectrum and is proportional to the number of hydrogen atoms that produce the signal. Integration allows us to determine the relative number of hydrogen atoms in different parts of a molecule and is useful in determining the molecular formula of an unknown compound.

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The development of snake and mammal embryos reaction within the mother's body, in either the uterus (for mammals) or the oviduct (for snakes).

For mammals, the embryo is protected within the uterus by the placenta, which provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus. The placenta also helps remove waste products from the fetus and produces hormones to support the pregnancy. The uterus is lined with a thick layer of tissue called the endometrium, which helps anchor the placenta and protects the embryo from harm.

In snakes, development usually takes place inside an egg (oviparity), which is laid in a protected environment by the mother. The embryo develops within the egg and is protected by the eggshell, which provides a barrier against external threats and physical damage. However, some snake species give birth to live young (viviparity), in which the embryo develops within the mother's body and is protected by a specialized membrane.
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Answer:

\(T1=166.66K\)

Explanation:

According to Gay-Lussac’s law simply states that the ratio of the initial pressure and temperature is equal to the ratio of the final pressure and temperature for a gas of a fixed provided that the mass is kept at a constant volume.

Given:

Initial pressure, P1 = 1 atm

Final pressure, P2 = 1.5 atm

Final temperature, T2 = 250 K

The law can be applied using the below formula

P1T2 = P2T1

Then,

T1 = (P1T2)/P1 = (1*250)/(1.5) = 166.66 Kelvin.

\(T1=166.66K\)

:

Answer:

\(T_1=166.7K\)

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, by applying the Gay-Lussac's law which help us to understand the pressure-temperature gas behavior via a directly proportional relationship:

\(\frac{P_1}{T_1} =\frac{P_2}{T_2}\)

In such a way, as we are asked to compute the initial temperature knowing the initial pressure and final both temperature and pressure, so we solve for it:

\(T_1=\frac{T_2P_1}{P_2}=\frac{250K*1atm}{1.5atm} \\\\T_1=166.7K\)

Best regards.

Δ'∘ for the reaction is approximately -1.1 kJ/mol.

Δ for the reaction is approximately -1.69 kJ/mol.

The initial concentrations of reactant and product being 1 M is not consistent with the conditions at which Δ'∘ is measured, as the concentrations used for the calculation are different (1.2 M and 0.65 M).

To determine the values of Δ'∘ and Δ for the given interconversion reaction, we need to use the equation:

Δ'∘ = -RT ln(K'eq)

Where:

Δ'∘ is the standard Gibbs free energy change for the reaction at 25 °C,

R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)),

T is the temperature in Kelvin,

ln represents the natural logarithm,

K'eq is the equilibrium constant at the given temperature.

Given that K'eq is 1.97, we can calculate Δ'∘ as follows:

Δ'∘ = -(8.314 J/(mol·K))(298 K) ln(1.97)

Δ'∘ ≈ -1.1 kJ/mol

Therefore, Δ'∘ for the reaction is approximately -1.1 kJ/mol.

To calculate Δ, the Gibbs free energy change under the given conditions with adjusted concentrations, we can use the equation:

Δ = Δ'∘ + RT ln(Q)

Where:

Δ is the Gibbs free energy change,

Δ'∘ is the standard Gibbs free energy change (previously calculated),

R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)),

T is the temperature in Kelvin,

ln represents the natural logarithm,

Q is the reaction quotient.

Given the concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate (1.2 M) and glucose 6-phosphate (0.65 M), the reaction quotient (Q) is:

Q = ([glucose 6-phosphate]^n)/([fructose 6-phosphate]^m)

Q = (0.65 M)^1 / (1.2 M)^1

Q ≈ 0.54

Now, we can calculate Δ using the equation:

Δ = -1.1 kJ/mol + (8.314 J/(mol·K))(298 K) ln(0.54)

Δ ≈ -1.1 kJ/mol - 0.59 kJ/mol

Δ ≈ -1.69 kJ/mol

Therefore, Δ for the reaction is approximately -1.69 kJ/mol.

Among the given statements, the ones that are consistent with the conditions at which Δ'∘ is measured are:

The temperature is 273 K.

The pH is 7.

The pressure is 101.3 kPa (1 atm).

The initial concentrations of reactant and product being 1 M is not consistent with the conditions at which Δ'∘ is measured, as the concentrations used for the calculation are different (1.2 M and 0.65 M).

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Answer:

2.975 M is the concentration

Explanation:

1. convert 1.2 x 10^24 molecules to moles by using Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 molecules in one mole) = 1.993 moles

2. convert 670 mL to L = 0.670 L

3. use the molarity equation M = \(\frac{mol}{L}\) --> \(\frac{1.993 mol}{0.670 L}\) = 2.975 M

all of them are true about lab waste disposal

Laboratory wastes are materials that are no longer needed in the laboratory and cannot be reused or repurposed. There are a few important things to keep in mind when disposing of laboratory waste.

The following statement(s) are TRUE about lab waste disposal:

Used gloves should be disposed of in the trash can. Gloves should be disposed of properly after use because they can be contaminated and cause injury. Gloves that are contaminated should not be disposed of in recycling bins. Dispose of them in the trash can instead.

Broken glassware cannot be disposed of in the regular trash can. Glassware should be disposed of in a sturdy, sealed container that is designated for the disposal of sharp items. This helps to prevent injury and contamination.

Organic waste cannot be discarded in the drain even if the volume is less than 10 mL.

Instead, it should be disposed of in a labeled organic waste container. Aqueous waste should never go down the drain. It must be disposed of according to the laboratory's protocol for aqueous waste disposal.

Unless otherwise noted, used plastic pipette tips can be disposed of in the trash.

When in doubt, check the laboratory's protocol for pipette tip disposal.

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Answer: X is an Esther

Explanation: alcohol and carboxylate acid forms esters

When a carboxylic acid and alcohol react then-new substance is produced from esterification and hence is called an ester. Thus, option 2 is correct.

Esterification is the process to make esters from carboxylic acids and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst (dry sulphuric acid). The -COOH group of the carboxylic acids contributes to the formation of the esters.

The esterification reactions are reversible reactions and occur at a slower pace. The reaction between an acid and alcohol is shown as:

Butanoic acid + 1-pentanol (catalyst) →  water + ester

Therefore, option 2. ester is produced.

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Answer:

Element Properties

atomic number 47

atomic weight 107.868

melting point 960.8 °C (1,861.4 °F)

boiling point 2,212 °C (4,014 °F)

specific gravity 10.5 (20 °C [68 °F])

oxidation states +1, +2, +3

electron configuration [Kr]4d105s1

hope that helps

Answer:

Ian Somerhalder because he's JUST SO fine

Explanation:

Structure and the reaction is in the attached photo.

Amides, RCONR'2, can be reduced to the amine, RCH2NR'2 by conversion of the C=O to -CH2-. Amides can be reduced by LiAlH4 but not the with the less reactive NaBH4. Some of the reagents are LiAlH4  / ether solvent, followed by water.

This reduction reaction is different from the different to that of other C=O compounds which reduce to alcohols like in esters.

Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) and sodium borohydride are the two most frequent sources of the hydride nucleophile (NaBH4).

The presence of a polar metal-hydrogen bond in these reagents acts as a source of hydride rather than the hydride anion, which is absent during this reaction. Since the Al-H bond in LiAlH4 is more polar and aluminium is less electronegative than boron, LiAlH4 is a more potent reducer.

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Explanation:

The five conditions of chemical change: color change, formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, odor change, temperature change

The purpose of a catalyst in the production of hydrogen is to increase the rate at which water molecules decompose.

What is a catalyst-A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed or produced during the reaction. As a result, catalysts assist in speeding up chemical reactions while also decreasing the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur. In hydrogen production, catalysts are used to speed up the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen. The use of catalysts lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, resulting in a faster reaction rate and lower operating temperatures.What is the process of hydrogen production?Hydrogen production has various methods, and one of the most commonly used methods is water electrolysis. In this method, water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen using an electric current passed through an electrode. Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen during the process, with the assistance of a catalyst. During this process, a catalyst like platinum or nickel is employed to speed up the chemical reaction of water decomposition.

When an electric current is applied to the catalyst, water molecules are broken apart, releasing hydrogen and oxygen atoms.Catalysts lower the activation energy of the reaction, allowing it to occur faster than it would otherwise. In hydrogen production, catalysts are crucial since they enable the reaction to occur at a lower temperature, reducing energy consumption and minimizing operating costs. As a result, the use of catalysts is essential to the production of hydrogen.

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Expressing the answer in exponential form we get 3⁴.

To simplify the expression (3⁷/(3³), we can apply the properties of exponents. When dividing two exponential expressions with the same base, we subtract the exponents.

In this case, we have 3⁷ divided by 3³, which can be simplified as:

3⁽⁷⁻³⁾

3⁴

Therefore, the simplified expression is 3⁴.

To understand why we subtract the exponents when dividing, we can break down the steps.

The expression 3⁷ represents 3 multiplied by itself seven times:

3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3.

The expression 3³ represents 3 multiplied by itself three times:

3 × 3 × 3.

When dividing these two expressions, we can cancel out common factors by subtracting the exponents:

(3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3) / (3 × 3 × 3)

This simplifies to:

3 × 3 × 3 × 3

Which is equivalent to 3⁴.

Thus, the answer in exponential form is 3⁴

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The conductivity of metalloids can be compared to the conductivity of metals and nonmetals because metalloids conduct electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals (Option C).

The expression metalloids is a term used to denote chemical elements that have features resembling metals such as an acceptable electrical conductivity, but they are not metals (e.g. boron, germanium, antimony, arsenic, polonium, etc).

Therefore, with this data, we can see that metalloids are similar to metals in electrical conductivity but they are not metals because they do not fit all properties of metals.

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