choose whether the process below is spontaneous or not spontaneous. salt dissolves in water. not spontaneous. spontaneous
Answers
The process of salt dissolving in water is considered spontaneous. This means that it occurs naturally and readily without the need for external energy input. The dissolution of salt in water is driven by the attraction between the positively charged sodium ions and the negatively charged chloride ions in salt, and the polar water molecules. This interaction leads to the salt breaking apart and dispersing evenly throughout the water, resulting in a homogeneous solution.
The process of salt dissolving in water can actually be both spontaneous and nonspontaneous, depending on the conditions. Generally speaking, when the salt and water are mixed together, the salt dissolves spontaneously without requiring any external energy input. This means that the process is spontaneous and occurs naturally. However, in certain circumstances, such as when the temperature or pressure is not ideal, the salt may not dissolve as easily, requiring additional energy input to facilitate the process. In this case, the process would not be spontaneous and would require external intervention. Overall, the answer to whether the process of salt dissolving in water is spontaneous or nonspontaneous depends on the specific conditions and context in which it is occurring.
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Related Questions
Write the name of other three particles except mentioned in (d).
Answers
Answer:
Show the image?
Explanation:
P O R F A V O R
4. Expresa las siguientes magnitudes en unidades del Sistema
Internacional. (1 punto)
a. 45 m3
b. 1250 cm3
c. 63 días
d. 97 cm/min2
e. 927 g∙cm/min2
f. 97 km/h2
g. 2500 g/cm2
h. 36 km/h
Answers
Answer:
a. 45×10³ kg
b. 1.25 kg
c. 5443200 s
d. 2.69×10⁻⁴ m/s²
e. 2.57×10⁻⁶N
f. 7.48×10⁻³ m /s²
g. 2.45 Pa
h. 10 m/s
Explanation:
The SI units are: kg, m, s, N, K, A, Pa, J and cd
a. 1 g is the mass for 1 cm³. We convert the m³ to cm³
45 m³. 1×10⁶ cm³ / 1 m³ = 45×10⁶ cm³
By the way, 45×10⁶ cm³ = 45×10⁶ g
We convert the g to kg → 45×10⁶ g . 1 kg / 1000 g = 45×10³ kg
b. As 1 g = 1 cm³, we convert the cm³ to g and then, the g to kg
1250 cm³ = 1250 g → 1250 g . 1kg / 1000 g = 1.25 kg
c. 1 day has 24 hours; 1 hour has 60 minutes; 1 minute has 60 seconds
1 hour has 3600 s. Then 24 h . 3600 s / 1 h = 86400 s
86400 s/d. 63 d = 5443200 s
d. 1 min² = 3600 s²
97 cm / 3600 s² = 0.0269 cm/s² / 100 = 2.69×10⁻⁴ m/s²
e. 927 g.cm / min² / 3600 s² = 0.2575 g.cm/s² → dyn
We need to convert dyn to N
1 dyn = 10⁻⁵N → 0.2575 dyn . 10⁻⁵N / 1dyn = 2.57×10⁻⁶N
f. 1 m/s² = 12960 km/h²
12960 km/h² . 1 m/s² / 97 km/h² = 7.48×10⁻³ m /s²
g. 2500 g/cm² . 1kg / 1000 g = 2.5 kg/cm²
1 Pa = 1.02kg/cm²
2.5 kg/cm² . 1 Pa / 1.02 kg/cm² = 2.45 Pa
h. 1 h = 3600 s
36 km / 3600 s = 0.01 km /s → 0.01 km . 1000 m / 1 km = 10
= 10 m/s
PLS HELP ASAPP NEED RN
1. Compare the spatial arrangements of Zn atoms in the reactants to the spatial arrangements of the hydrogen
gas molecules in the products.
2. Calculate the mass of the hydrogen gas produced if the reaction goes to completion producing 2.05 g of
ZnCl2.
3. Draw a balanced particle model that shows how the reactants changed into the products.
Answers
Let us take our minds back to the kinetic theory of matter. Recall that the particles that compose matter are in constant random motion and the solids are arranged in a definite pattern while the particles of a gas are in random motion.
As such, the zinc has its atoms in a fixed pattern while the hydrogen atoms are roaming freely in the gaseous state.
Given that;
Amount of the acid = 10.95 g/36.5 g/mol = 0.3 moles
Amount of the zinc = 1g/65 g/mol = 0.015 moles
Given the reaction equation; \(Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ------ > ZnCl_{2} (aq) + H_{2}(g)\)
1 mole of Zn reacts with 2 moles of acid
0.015 moles of zinc reacts with x moles of acid
x =0.015 moles * 2 moles / 1 mole
= 0.03 moles
Thus, the zinc is the limiting reactant.
1 moles of the zinc produces 1 mole of the hydrogen
The amount of the hydrogen produced = 0.03 moles * 2 g/mol
= 0.06 moles of hydrogen
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differentiate between edible and non edible mushroom
Answers
Edible mushrooms: Consuming edible mushrooms is safe and provides health advantages like fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Examples: Button mushrooms.Non-Edible mushrooms: Mushrooms that cannot be eaten could be harmful or have unappealing flavors and textures that could be harmful if consumed.
Examples: Death Cap.
If 250 mL of methane, CH4, effuses through a small hole in 48 s, the time required for the same volume of helium to pass through the hole will be.....?
Answers
If 250 mL of methane (CH4) effuses through a small hole in 48 s, the time required for the same volume of helium to pass through the hole is approximately 96 s.
The effusion rate of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass, according to Graham's law of effusion. In this case, we need to compare the effusion rates of methane and helium.
Since the volume is constant, we can use the ratio of their times of effusion.
Let's assume the molar mass of methane (CH4) is M1 and the molar mass of helium (He) is M2. According to Graham's law, the ratio of the effusion times is given by:
(time for methane) / (time for helium) = √(M2 / M1)
Given that the time for methane is 48 s, we need to find the time for helium. Rearranging the equation, we have:
(time for helium) = (time for methane) / √(M2 / M1)
By substituting the molar masses of methane (16.04 g/mol) and helium (4.00 g/mol), we can calculate:
(time for helium) = 48 s / √(4.00 g/mol / 16.04 g/mol)
(time for helium) = 48 s / √(0.25)
(time for helium) = 48 s / 0.5
(time for helium) = 96 s
Therefore, the time required for the same volume of helium to pass through the hole is approximately 96 seconds.
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When oil from a tin is poured through a funnel placed tightly into the neck of a bottle, the oil stays in the funnel. Why?
Raise the funnel a little and place it again on the bottle. Oil starts flowing into the bottle. Why does this happen?
PLEASE ANSWER IT
20 POINTS
Answers
When oil from a tin is poured through a funnel placed tightly into the neck of a bottle, the oil stays in the funnel because the air pressure inside the bottle prevents the oil from entering the bottle.
What is air pressure?The force that air, whether compressed or unconfined, applies to whatever surface it comes into touch with is known as air pressure.
The air in the bottles exerts a force on the liquid that is to be poured inside it.
Since the air has no way of escaping, the oil cannot be poured into the bottle.
However, if a little space is allowed by the funnel for the air to escape, the liquid can then be poured into the bottle.
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Hypothesis: Write 3 hypotheses predicting how substances are classified as acidic, neutral, or
basic/alkaline (1 acid, 1 neutral, 1 base) based on pH value.
(if-then-because statement)
Answers
The three hypotheses will be the acidic hypothesis, the neutral hypothesis and the basic/alkaline hypothesis.
What are the three hypotheses?The pH value is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. It is a scale that ranges from 0 to 14, where 0 is the most acidic, 7 is neutral, and 14 is the most alkaline. Substances are classified as acidic, neutral, or basic/alkaline based on their pH value.
The acidic hypothesis predicts that substances with a pH value less than 7 are acidic because acidic substances have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-). This higher concentration of hydrogen ions makes the substance acidic.
The neutral hypothesis predicts that substances with a pH value of 7 are neutral because they have an equal concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). Therefore, there is no net acidity or alkalinity in the substance.
The basic/alkaline hypothesis predicts that substances with a pH value greater than 7 are basic/alkaline because basic substances have a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) than hydrogen ions (H+). This higher concentration of hydroxide ions makes the substance basic/alkaline.
Overall, the pH value of a substance is determined by the balance of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in the substance, and it is used to classify substances as acidic, neutral, or basic/alkaline.
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If a substance has a pH value less than 7, then it is classified as an acid because acidic solutions have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.
If a substance has a pH value of 7, then it is classified as neutral because it has an equal concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.
If a substance has a pH value greater than 7, then it is classified as a base because basic solutions have a higher concentration of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
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How many of the following species are diamagnetic?
K Zr2⁺ Al3⁺ Zn2⁺
A) 1 B) 3 C) 0 D) 2 E) 4
Answers
A species is diamagnetic or not, we need to consider its electron configuration and the presence of unpaired electrons. Diamagnetic species have all their electrons paired, while paramagnetic species have unpaired electrons. 2 out of the 4 species listed are diamagnetic (Al³⁺ and Zn²⁺). Therefore, the correct answer is D) 2.
Let's examine each species:
1. K (potassium): The electron configuration of K is [Ar] 4s¹. It has one unpaired electron, so it is paramagnetic.
2. Zr²⁺ (zirconium ion): Zr²⁺ has the electron configuration [Kr] 4d². Since it has two unpaired electrons, it is paramagnetic.
3. Al³⁺ (aluminum ion): The electron configuration of Al³⁺ is [Ne]. It has no unpaired electrons, so it is diamagnetic.
4. Zn²⁺ (zinc ion): The electron configuration of Zn²⁺ is [Ar] 3d¹⁰. Since it has a completely filled d orbital with no unpaired electrons, it is diamagnetic.
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When NH4NO3 is dissolved in water, the temperature of the water decreases. When NaOH is dissolved in a separate water sample, the temperature of the water increases. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that the dissolving of?
a. NH4NO3 is endothermic and the dissolving of NaOH is exothermic.
b. both salts are exothermic
c. NH4NO3 is exothermic and the dissolving of NaOH is endothermic
d. both salts are endothermic
Answers
NH4NO₃is endothermic and the dissolving of NaOH is exothermic. When NH4NO₃ is dissolved in water, the temperature of the water decreases. When NaOH is dissolved in a separate water sample, the temperature of the water increases.
What is endothermic ?Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions that produce products by absorbing heat energy from their surroundings. These reactions reduce the temperature of their surroundings, resulting in a cooling effect.
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Suppose that a sample of gas occupies 187 mL
of volume at 298 K and a pressure of 277 torr.
What would be the volume (expressed of
this sample) if the pressure were changed to
571 torr at 298 K?
Answer in units of mL.
Answers
Answer:
V2 = 90.7 mL
Explanation:
pressure and volume are inversely proportional, if the pressure is increased, the volume will decrease. In an isothermal process:
p1V1 = p2V2
V2 = p1V1/p2 = (277 torr×187 mL)/571 torr
V2 = 90.7 mL
chemical energy is the energy that is a. added to a reaction in the form of heat. b. caused by the movement of electricity. c. present within atoms and molecules d. released only when oxygen is present
Answers
Chemical energy is the energy that is (option c) present within atoms and molecules.
Chemical energy is a form of potential energy that is stored within atoms and molecules. This energy is a result of the arrangement of electrons within the atoms and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together. When a chemical reaction takes place, this stored energy is either released or absorbed.
Chemical energy is not added to a reaction in the form of heat, although heat can be a factor in releasing stored energy. It is not caused by the movement of electricity, although electricity can be used to release energy in some cases. Chemical energy is present within atoms and molecules regardless of external factors such as heat or electricity.
The energy stored within chemical bonds can be released in the presence of oxygen, through a process called oxidation. This reaction releases the stored energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity. However, not all chemical reactions require oxygen to release energy. For example, the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic respiration) releases energy in the form of ATP.
In conclusion, chemical energy is a form of potential energy that is stored within atoms and molecules. The correct option is (c).
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Why can chemical energy and nuclear energy be considered potential energy
Answers
Answer:
Chemical potential energy is a form of potential energy related to the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules. This arrangement may be the result of chemical bonds within a molecule or otherwise. Chemical energy of a chemical substance can be transformed to other forms of energy by a chemical reaction.
The chemical energy and nuclear energy can be considered potential energy because both of them has energy stored in it.
What is potential energy?Potential energy is any form of energy that has stored potential that can be put to future use such as nuclear energy, chemical energy in which the energy is stored in it so we can conclude that chemical energy and nuclear energy can be considered potential energy due to its storage of energy.
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the student then prepares a solution using four pellets of naoh dissolved to 100.00 ml in a volumetric flask. the student slowly adds this to the khp solution to perform a titration. it requires 22.50 ml of the naoh solution to reach the endpoint. what is the molarity of the naoh solution based on this titration?
Answers
The volume of NaOH solution used in the titration is 22.50 mL or 0.0225 L. The molarity of the NaOH solution is 0.210 mol/L.
To determine the molarity of the NaOH solution, we can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaOH and KHP:
NaOH + KHP → NaKP + H2O
From the equation, we can see that one mole of NaOH reacts with one mole of KHP. Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH used in the titration can be calculated by:
moles NaOH = molarity of NaOH solution × volume of NaOH solution used (in liters)
The volume of NaOH solution used in the titration is 22.50 mL or 0.0225 L.
To calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution, we need to determine the number of moles of NaOH used in the titration. From the balanced equation, we can see that one mole of KHP reacts with one mole of NaOH. The mass of KHP used in the titration is 0.969 g, which corresponds to the number of moles of KHP used:
moles KHP = mass of KHP / molar mass of KHP
= 0.969 g / 204.22 g/mol
= 0.004738 mol
Since the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1, the number of moles of NaOH used in the titration is also 0.004738 mol. Substituting these values into the above equation, we get:
0.004738 mol = molarity of NaOH solution × 0.0225 L
Solving for the molarity of the NaOH solution, we get:
molarity of NaOH solution = 0.004738 mol / 0.0225 L
= 0.210 mol/L
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a phenol has a(n) ________ group attached to a benzene ring.
Answers
A phenol has a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a benzene ring.
This hydroxyl group makes phenols unique from other benzene derivatives, as it is a functional group that allows for various chemical reactions. The hydroxyl group in phenol is polar, which makes it able to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.
This property of phenols allows them to dissolve in water and other polar solvents. Furthermore, the hydroxyl group can undergo reactions such as esterification, oxidation, and substitution. These reactions make phenols useful in various applications, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and preservatives. Overall, the hydroxyl group in phenols plays a crucial role in determining the properties and applications of these compounds.
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A gas has a volume of 4 liters at 50 oC. What will its volume be (in liters) at 100oC
Answers
Answer:
The volume of the gas at 100°C is 4.6189 liters.
Explanation:
For this problem we are going to use Charles' law. Charles' law states that the volume is directly proportional to temperature given that the pressure is constant. In order to use the equation, the unit of temperature should be in Kelvin.
The working equation is:
=
where V1 and T1 are the initial volume and temperature while V2 and T2 are the final conditions.
Let us convert first the temperatures before solving for the final volume.
To convert Celsius to Kelvin just add 273.15 to temperature in Celsius.
50°C + 273.15 = 323.15 K
100°C + 273.15 = 373.15 K
Solving for the final volume:
V₂ =
V₂ =
V₂ = 4.6189 L
Therefore the final volume of the gas at 100°C is 4.6189 L.
Explanation:
. Name something chemistry related you are interested in or interested in learning about.
Answers
Answer: How The World Works
Explanation: Our world is made out of atoms, molecules and ions. Their behavior determines the properties of the substances we encounter in our daily lives: their structure, color, smell, and the way they interact with each other.
Claim-Evidence-ReasoningPopulations of organisms that reproduce asexually tend to show less variation from one individual to another. Why might this be? Make a claim and use your scientific reasoning skills to support your claim. Create a CER
Claim:
Evidence:
Reasoning:
Answers
Populations of organisms that reproduce asexually tend to show less variation from one individual to another because of their identical chromosomes.
The asexually reproduce organism are those which are reproduced by single parent. Asexual reproduction does not includes the combination of gametes and they have same no. of chromosomes. Mutation from DNA is not available. During the process of asexual reproduction , organism inherit the same genome as the mother and impossible to have variation. example are hydra, paramecium, starfish, Planaria, ferns . these are some of the examples of sexual reproduction.
Thus, Populations of organisms that reproduce asexually tend to show less variation from one individual to another because of their identical chromosomes.
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PART OF WRITTEN EXAMINATION:
Cations:
A) are positively charged ions
B) have more electrons than protons
C) have more electrons than neutrons
D) are negatively charged ions
Answers
The correct answer is A) cations are positively charged ions. This is because cations have lost electrons, leaving them with a net positive charge.
It is important to note that protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom and play a key role in determining the charge of an ion. So in the case of cations, they have fewer electrons than protons, which results in a positive charge.
Option B is incorrect as cations actually have fewer electrons than protons, not more. Option C is incorrect as neutrons do not affect the charge of an ion. Option D is also incorrect as negatively charged ions are called anions, not cations.
A) are positively charged ions.
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1. Calculate the mass of 1.000 mole of CaCl2
Show all your work. Answer in scientific notation when applicable.
Answers
Answer: 110 g/mol
Explanation:
First we need to find the molar mass of CaCl2 using the periodic table:
Ca: 40
Cl: 35 (Since Cl has a 2 at the end, multiply 35 by 2)
70+40= 110
Then multiply by amount of moles
110g×1.000mol = 110 g/mol
¿por que la bebida es una solución quimica? Explica. ¿cuales son sus componentes? ¿que tipo de solucion es?
Answers
Answer:
La respuesta está en el enunciado
Explanation:
Una solución química es definida como una mezcla de dos o más sustancias donde, la que está en mayor proporción, es definida como el solvente y los componentes que están en menor cantidad se definen como los solutos.
En general, en la formulación de bebidas, el solvente es agua, los solutos son otros componentes como saborizantes y colorantes que permiten que el consumidor tenga experiencias agradables con la bebida.
Además, la solución debe ser homogenea, esto es, todos los solutos se encuentran completamente disueltos en el solvente. Una bebida comercial a la que se le encuentren partículas no genera confianza y puede ser rechazada por parte del consumidos.
Imagine you need to explain to a friend how to convert a value on a food label to one that is measured in grams. Assume the package of food has a mass of 1.0 pounds. write an explanation for how to use dimensional analysis to convert this value to one expressed in grams.
Answers
Answer:
453.592 grams
Explanation:
Given
Mass = 1 lb
Required.
Convert to grams using dimensional analysis
Represent 1 lb with x g
In unit conversion, we have that.
1 lb = 453.592 g
So:
Getting the equivalent of lb in g, we have:
x g = 1 lb * (453.592 g/ 1 lb)
x g = 1 * 453.592 g
x g = 453.592 grams
Hence:
The equivalent of 1 lb in grams is 453.592 grams
Which of the following statements best defines MATTER?*
a. species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behaviour but with different atomic masses and physical properties
b. the smallest particle of an element
c. a material formed by chemically bonding two or more chemical elements
d. the substance, or substances, of which any physical object is composed
e. a substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances
please this is timed
Answers
Charlotte's car averages 25 miles per gallon of gas. How many dal would she need to travel 3,241 hm?
Answers
Answer:
Around 129 galons
Explanation:
if you divied 3,241 by 4 you get 129 gallons but if you times that by 25 you get 3,225 so a little bit off but close.
PLEASE ANSWER REALLY QUICK!!
Drag the item from the item bank to its corresponding match.
Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse.
This is to observe carefully and in detail so as to identify causes, key factors, or possible results.
This is what people do when they are searching for information. People often look in more than one location.
This is a prediction of the outcome of scientific processes based on analysis.
This is the process of steps taken in completing a task, such as a lab investigation.
Answers
We can see here that:
The cloudiest month - AprilThe coldest month - JanuaryThe hottest month - MayWhen the temperature first rose above 90 degrees - February.We see here that the bar graph will be more understandable if there is: A. Title.
Another thing that can aid in understanding the bar graph is: B. add pictures.
What is bar graph?Using rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values they represent, a bar chart or bar graph displays categorical data. Both a vertical and a horizontal bar plot are possible. A column chart is another name for a vertical bar graph.
An appropriate question to guide Sarah's research will be: C. Which fixture uses the most water in our home?
To make this a real experiment, Sarah has to do the following: D. Collect and analyze data before and after the leaks are fixed.
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An atom of which element reacts with an atom of hydrogen to form a bond with the greatest degree of polarity?
A. carbon
B. fluorine
C. nitrogen
D. oxygen
Answers
if 0.295 g of mg are reacted with 10.0 ml of 3.00 m hcl, how many moles of h2 should be produced theoretically?
Answers
HCl is utilised at a quantity of 0.03 moles. Theoretically, 0.0121 moles of Mg x 1 mole of H2 x 1 mole of Mg = 0.0121 moles of H2 are produced.
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 is the balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium and HCl. The amount of Mg utilised in the reaction must first be determined in terms of moles. Since magnesium has a molar mass of 24.31 g/mol, 0.295 g of magnesium is equal to 0.0121 moles of magnesium. Since the reaction's stoichiometry indicates that 1 mole of Mg combines with 2 moles of HCl to generate 1 mole of H2, and since the volume of HCl used is 10.0 ml (0.01 L) and the concentration of HCl is 3.00 M, the number of moles of HCl utilised is 0.03. Theoretically, 0.0121 moles of Mg x 1 mole of H2 x 1 mole of Mg = 0.0121 moles of H2 are produced.
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Write an equation that shows the formation of a selenide ion from a neutral selenium atom
Answers
Answer:
Se + 2e- => Se-2
Explanation:
Ions are electrically charged particles, formed due to the gain or loss of electrons by an atom.
There are two types of ions cations and anions. An element that loses their electrons and forms positive ions are cations while metals and element that gains one or more electrons and forms negative ions are anions.
Selenium is an atom with atomic number 34 and represented as Se. The electronic configuration of Se is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p4. Selenium will gain 2 more electrons to complete it p orbital and form an ion Se-2.
The equation is as below:
Se + 2e- => Se-2
5. Calculate the pСa when 35 mL of 0.009 M Cat2 is titrated with 0.022 M EDTA (as for EDTA at pH=10 is 0.35) in a solution buffered to a constant pH= 10 when the volume of EDTA added is 48 mL. K; CaY-2 = 5.0 x 1010. a. 2.05 b. 1.9 c. 10.8 d. 10.6 11.1
Answers
pCa when 35 mL of 0.009 M Cat2 is titrated with 0.022 M EDTA = 8.442. Balanced chemical equation when EDTA is added to the Ca²⁺ solution, the equation is shown below: Ca²⁺+ EDTA⁴⁻ → CaEDTA²⁻. Hence, the correct option is d)10.6
Calculation of pСa when 35 mL of 0.009 M Cat2 is titrated with 0.022 M EDTA (as for EDTA at pH=10 is 0.35) in a solution buffered to a constant pH= 10 when the volume of EDTA added is 48 mL is shown below: Given, Volume of Ca2+ = 35 ml
Concentration of Ca²⁺ = 0.009 M, Volume of EDTA added = 48 ml
Concentration of EDTA = 0.022 M,
pH = 10KCaY-2
= 5.0 x 10¹⁰
To calculate the pCa we have to follow these steps:
First, write down the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when EDTA is added to the Ca²⁺ solution, the equation is shown below: Ca²⁺+ EDTA⁴⁻ → CaEDTA²⁻
Kf = [CaEDTA²⁻] / ([Ca²⁺] [EDTA⁴⁻])
Initial concentration of Ca²⁺ = 0.009 M
Initial volume of Ca²⁺ = 35 ml, Initial amount of Ca²⁺ = 0.009 × 35
= 0.315 mmol
Final volume of Ca²⁺ = 35 + 48
= 83 ml
Thus, final concentration of Ca²⁺ = 0.315 / 83
= 0.003795 M
In the presence of excess EDTA, the entire amount of Ca²⁺ reacts with EDTA.
Thus,[EDTA⁴⁻] = 0.022 × 48 / 1000
= 0.001056 mol[Ca²⁺]
= 0.003795 mol,
Kf = 5 × 10¹⁰
We have to calculate the [CaEDTA²⁻] at the end point and then convert it into [Ca²⁺] to calculate pCa. Using the equation of equilibrium constant ;Kf = [CaEDTA²⁻] / ([Ca²⁺] [EDTA⁴⁻])
Here,[CaEDTA²⁻] = unknown[Ca²⁺]
= 0[EDTA]
= 0.001056 mol/L
When the end point is reached, all Ca²⁺ is reacted with EDTA to form CaEDTA²⁻.
Thus, moles of EDTA⁴⁻ used = 0.003795 × 83
= 0.315 mmol
Moles of CaEDTA²⁻ formed = 0.315 mmol
Thus, [CaEDTA²⁻] = moles of CaEDTA²⁻ formed / volume
= 0.315 / 83
= 0.003795 M
Now, substituting these values in the equilibrium constant expression;5 × 10¹⁰ = [0.003795] / [(0.001056) (0)]
Thus, [Ca²⁺] = [CaEDTA²⁻]
= 3.607 × 10⁻⁹ M
We know that pCa = -log [Ca²⁺]
Thus, pCa = -log 3.607 × 10⁻⁹
= 8.442 (approx)
Hence, the correct option is d)10.6
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To prepare an acetic acid/acetate buffer, a technician mixes 30.5 mL of 0.0800 M acetic acid and 19.5 mL of 0.110 sodium acetate in a 100 mL volumetric flask and then fills with water to the 100 mL mark. How many moles of acetic acid are present in this buffer?
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There are 0.00244 moles of acetic acid present in the acetic acid/acetate buffer solution.
To determine the moles of acetic acid in the acetic acid/acetate buffer, you need to multiply the volume of acetic acid by its molarity. In this case, there are 0.00244 moles of acetic acid present in the buffer.
Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Given the volume of acetic acid is 30.5 mL and its molarity is 0.0800 M. To convert the volume to liters, divide the volume in milliliters by 1000:
30.5 mL ÷ 1000 = 0.0305 L
2. To find the moles of acetic acid, multiply the volume in liters by its molarity:
Moles of acetic acid = Volume (L) × Molarity (M)
Moles of acetic acid = 0.0305 L × 0.0800 M
Moles of acetic acid = 0.00244
Therefore, there are 0.00244 moles of acetic acid present in the acetic acid/acetate buffer.
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If you have the same mass and volume of two different radioactive substances, which will be radioactive longer- the one with a larger half-life or the one with the shorter half-life?
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Answer:
It is impossible to predict when an individual radioactive atom will decay. ... Rather, the half-life describes the average amount of time it takes for a large group of amounts to reach the point where half of the atoms have decayed.
Explanation: