classify the atomic orbitals as s, p, or d according to their shape.

Calcium ion forms a precipitate with ammonium oxalate. The reaction occurs when calcium and oxalate ions combine to create calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate is a white, insoluble precipitate that settles out of solution when formed. The equation for the formation of calcium oxalate is given as follows: Ca2+ + C2O42− → CaC2O4.

This reaction is used to test for the presence of calcium ions in a solution. The reaction is performed by mixing ammonium oxalate with calcium chloride. If calcium ions are present in the solution, a white precipitate of calcium oxalate forms. This reaction is often used to test for the presence of calcium ions in water samples.

Calcium ions are abundant in nature and are required for the growth and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. They can be found in many foods, including dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and fortified cereals and juices.Calcium oxalate, the precipitate formed when ammonium oxalate reacts with calcium ions, is a common component of kidney stones. Calcium oxalate stones can cause pain and discomfort when they become lodged in the urinary tract. They can be treated with medications or surgery, and are often preventable through dietary changes and increased water intake.

Calcium ions form a white, insoluble precipitate with ammonium oxalate known as calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate is a common component of kidney stones, which can be treated with medications or surgery and prevented through dietary changes and increased water intake. Calcium ions are important for healthy bones and teeth and can be found in many foods. The reaction between ammonium oxalate and calcium chloride is often used to test for the presence of calcium ions in water samples.

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In chemistry, calcium chloride forms a precipitate when mixed with ammonium oxalate. The precipitate formed is calcium oxalate. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction provided.

In the field of Chemistry, a substance that forms a precipitate with ammonium oxalate is calcium chloride (CaCl2). When these two compounds are mixed in solution, calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) precipitates out. The reaction can be written as follows: 2 NH4C2O4 (aq) + CaCl2 (aq) -> CaC2O4 (s) + 2 NH4Cl (aq). Hence, the substance that forms a precipitate with ammonium oxalate is calcium chloride.

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Explanation:

Heavy chemicals generally refer to chemicals that have a high molecular weight and density, such as metals, minerals, and petrochemicals. They may also have a high toxicity and be hazardous to human health and the environment. Some examples of heavy chemicals include lead, mercury, asbestos, and radioactive materials.

Fine chemicals, on the other hand, are typically smaller molecules that are used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals. They are often produced in smaller quantities and require more specialized manufacturing processes. Examples of fine chemicals include vitamins, amino acids, and specialty solvents.

To identify heavy chemicals and fine chemicals, you can look at their molecular structure, physical properties, and intended use. Heavy chemicals may have a higher melting point, boiling point, and density compared to fine chemicals. Fine chemicals may have a more complex molecular structure and be used in pharmaceuticals or other high-value applications.

Air pollution worsens in winter as cold and dry air contains more pollutants. This makes it easy for pollutant air near the surface of the earth to rise and be lifted away.

As a result of the presence of compounds in the atmosphere that are hazardous to human health and the health of other living things, or that impair the climate or materials, air pollution is the contamination of the air.

It is known that cold air usually sinks and warm air usually rises. Most of the time, temperature decreases with elevation. This makes it easy for pollutant air near the surface of the earth to rise and be lifted away.

However, during winter, thermal inversions are more likely to happen. Because sunlight is weaker during this season, air near the earth’s surface may end up being cooler than the air above, causing the pollution-filled air near to earth's surface. Hence, Colder air traps more pollution.

It is also true that rain can wash away pollutants. But in the dry winter season, due to less humidity in the air, the chances of rainfall are generally lower. Hence, dry air contains more pollutants. Therefore, air pollution is worse in winter.

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To calculate the heat change in kJ when 3.245 x 10^23 pg of phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) are produced in the given reaction. So, the heat change in the reaction when producing 3.245 x 10^23 pg of phosphorus pentachloride is approximately -1.31 x 10^-7 kJ.

To calculate the heat change in kJ for the given reaction, we first need to determine the moles of phosphorus pentachloride produced.
Using the molar mass of phosphorus pentachloride (208.24 g/mol), we can convert the given amount of 3.245 x 10^23 pg into moles:
3.245 x 10^23 pg = 3.245 x 10^-2 g
3.245 x 10^-2 g / 208.24 g/mol = 1.559 x 10^-4 mol
Now we can use the molar enthalpy of the reaction (-84.2 kJ/mol) to calculate the heat change:
-84.2 kJ/mol x 1.559 x 10^-4 mol = -0.0131 kJ or -13.1 J
Therefore, the heat change for the production of 3.245 x 10^23 pg of phosphorus pentachloride in this reaction is -13.1 J or -0.0131 kJ.

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Answer:

10 neutrons

Explanation:

N=Z-A ie. number of neutrons=mass number-atomic number

N=19-9=10

If a mixture of hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide produces lithium chloride and water, 3.25 moles of water are produced from 3.25 moles of hydrochloric acid.

According to this question, a mixture of hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide produces lithium chloride and water. The balanced chemical equation is as follows:

HCl + LiOH = LiCl + H2O

Based on the above equation, 1 mole of HCl produces 1 mole of water.

3.25 moles of HCl will produce 3.25 moles of H2O.

Therefore, a mixture of hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide produces lithium chloride and water, 3.25 moles of water are produced from 3.25 moles of hydrochloric acid.

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Donnell experienced an endothermic reaction in his experiment. This type of reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings, causing the solution to freeze into slush when he walked away. Option A.

What is an Endothermic Reaction?

Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions in which the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products. These reactions lower the temperature of their surrounding area, thereby creating a cooling effect

Five examples of endothermic reactions?

Endothermic Reaction Examples

Endothermic Processes

Melting ice cubes.

Melting solid salts.

Evaporating liquid water.

Converting frost to water vapor (melting, boiling, and evaporation, in general, are endothermic processes.

Making an anhydrous salt from a hydrate.

Forming a cation from an atom in the gas phase.

Splitting a gas molecule.

Hence, the right answer is option A. Endothermic Reaction.

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To determine the mass of chromium(II) hydroxide that can precipitate, we need to find the limiting reactant in the chemical reaction between chromium(II) chloride (CrCl₂) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).

First, let's calculate the number of moles for each reactant:

For chromium(II) chloride (CrCl₂):

Molarity (M₁) = 0.361 M

Volume (V₁) = 26.4 ml = 0.0264 L

Number of moles of CrCl₂ = M₁ * V₁

                              = 0.361 mol/L * 0.0264 L

For potassium hydroxide (KOH):

Molarity (M₂) = 0.469 M

Volume (V₂) = 33.6 ml = 0.0336 L

Number of moles of KOH = M₂ * V₂

                            = 0.469 mol/L * 0.0336 L

Now, let's determine the limiting reactant by comparing the number of moles for each reactant.

The reactant that produces fewer moles of product will be the limiting reactant.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between CrCl₂ and KOH is:

CrCl₂ + 2KOH → Cr(OH)₂ + 2KCl

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of CrCl₂ reacts with 2 moles of KOH to produce 1 mole of Cr(OH)₂.

Comparing the number of moles of each reactant:

Number of moles of CrCl₂ = 0.361 mol/L * 0.0264 L = 0.0095184 mol

Number of moles of KOH = 0.469 mol/L * 0.0336 L = 0.0157584 mol

Since the mole ratio between CrCl₂ and KOH is 1:2, we can see that there is an excess of KOH. Therefore, CrCl₂ is the limiting reactant.

Now, we need to calculate the mass of chromium(II) hydroxide (Cr(OH)₂) precipitated using the limiting reactant, CrCl₂.

The molar mass of Cr(OH)₂ = 1 * (2 * 1.008 + 16.00) + 52.00

                                   = 1 * 18.016 + 52.00

                                   = 70.016 g/mol

Number of moles of Cr(OH)₂ = 0.0095184 mol (from the limiting reactant)

Mass of Cr(OH)₂ = Number of moles * Molar mass

                      = 0.0095184 mol * 70.016 g/mol

Therefore, the mass of chromium(II) hydroxide that can precipitate is approximately 0.676 grams.

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Answer:

El volumen de alcohol contenido en una copa que se llena con 75 mL (disolución) de vino es 10.875 mL

Explanation:

El Porcentaje Volumen a Volumen o Porcentaje en Volumen (%v/v) es una medida de la concentración que  indica el volumen de soluto por cada 100 unidades de volumen de la solución. Es decir, es una medida de la concentración de una sustancia en una solución que expresa la relación del volumen del soluto con el volumen total de la solución.

El Porcentaje Volumen a Volumen de una disolución es determinada por la siguiente expresión:

\(v/v=\frac{volumen soluto}{volumen disolucion} *100\)

En este caso:

Reemplazando:

\(14.5=\frac{volumen soluto}{75} *100\)

Resolviendo:

\(volumen soluto=\frac{14.5*75}{100}\)

volumen soluto= 10.875 mL

El volumen de alcohol contenido en una copa que se llena con 75 mL (disolución) de vino es 10.875 mL

We know the standard reduction potentials of the half-cells involved, so we can find the cell voltage and the spontaneous reaction. Thus;

The anode reaction is:

Pb(s) → Pb2+(aq) + 2e-

This is the oxidation half-reaction that occurs in the Pb half-cell.

The cathode reaction is:F2(g) + 2e- → 2F-(aq).

This is the reduction half-reaction that occurs in the F2 half-cell.

The spontaneous cell reaction is

:Pb(s) + F2(g) → Pb2+(aq) + 2F-(aq).

This is the combination of the oxidation and reduction half-reactions, with the electrons canceled out from both sides.

The cell voltage is 2.996 V The standard cell potential is calculated as follows:

standard cell potential = E°(reduction) - E°(oxidation)standard cell potential = 2.870 V - (-0.126 V)standard cell potential = 2.996 V, The cell voltage is positive, indicating that the reaction is spontaneous.

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Therefore, 111.6 g of lead(IV) phosphate are produced when 150.0 g of ammonium phosphate and 250 g of lead(IV) nitrate are available.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

(NH4)3PO4 + 3Pb(NO3)4 → Pb3(PO4)4 + 12NH4NO3

First, we need to calculate the limiting reagent to determine which reactant will be consumed completely and therefore will limit the amount of product formed.

The moles of ammonium phosphate available is:

n(NH4)3PO4 = m/M = 150.0 g / 149.09 g/mol = 1.005 mol

The moles of lead(IV) nitrate available is:

nPb(NO3)4 = m/M = 250 g / 783.32 g/mol = 0.319 mol

To determine the limiting reagent, we compare the mole ratio of ammonium phosphate to lead(IV) nitrate in the balanced equation. For every one mole of ammonium phosphate, three moles of lead(IV) nitrate are required. Therefore, the amount of lead(IV) nitrate required to react with 1.005 mol of ammonium phosphate is:

nPb(NO3)4 required = 1.005 mol / 3 mol Pb(NO3)4/mol NH4)3PO4 = 0.335 mol

Since we only have 0.319 mol of lead(IV) nitrate available, it is the limiting reagent.

The amount of lead(IV) phosphate produced can be calculated using the mole ratio from the balanced equation:

nPb3(PO4)4 = 0.319 mol Pb(NO3)4 × (1 mol Pb3(PO4)4/3 mol Pb(NO3)4) × (1032.72 g Pb3(PO4)4/mol) = 111.6 g

Therefore, 111.6 g of lead(IV) phosphate are produced when 150.0 g of ammonium phosphate and 250 g of lead(IV) nitrate are available.

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Answer:

I think it's B

Explanation:

B is talking about the bees helping the flowers, so that isn't helping the bees but the flowers instead

Answer: A: When the rider is at the top of the hill, her potential energy is greatest, and her kinetic energy is the least.

Explanation:

1.57g of iron(iii) oxide will be produced.

What do you mean by ideal gas equation?

The Ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behaviour of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. The ideal gas equation can be written as

PV = nRT

Where,

P is the pressure of the ideal gas.

V is the volume of the ideal gas.

n is the amount of ideal gas measured in terms of moles.

R is the universal gas constant.

T is the temperature.

V = 6.50 L

T = 50.2 degree celsius = 50.2 + 273.15 K = 323.35 K

P = 0.121 atm

Using ideal gas equation,

n = PV/ RT = 0.121 atm* 6.50 L / 0.0821 * 323.35 K = 0.0296 mol

0.0296 mol of H20* 1mol Fe2O3 / 3mol H2O * 159.69g of Fe2O3/1 mol Fe2O3= 1.57g

So, 1.57g of iron(iii) oxide will be produced.

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answer is below!! hope this helped

A 6.0-V battery does 1200 J of work transferring charge, then 100C charge is transferred.

One or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical equipment make up an electric battery, which is a source of electric power.

A battery's positive terminal serves as the cathode and its negative terminal serves as the anode when it is delivering electricity.

Electricity is accepted, stored, and released on demand by batteries and similar devices. Like many other common energy sources, batteries store energy through chemistry in the form of chemical potential.

For instance, until they are burned, logs store energy in their chemical bonds for later conversion to heat.

V = 12 V

W = 1200 J

q = ?

V = W / q

12 = 1200 / q

q = 100 C

Thus, A 6.0-V battery does 1200 J of work transferring charge, then 100C charge is transferred.

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The volume of 8.8g of carbon dioxide at STP is 4.38 L.

1 mole of any gas will take up 22.4 L of space at standard temperature and pressure (STP). A balanced chemical equation and the Ideal Gas Law can be used to determine the amount or mass of gas consumed or created in a chemical process.

n = m/M

where m is the molar mass of carbon dioxide and M is its mass in terms of molecules.

Considering that the molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44.01 g/mol:

n = 8.8 g / 44.01 g/mol

n = 0.1998 mol

Next, we can plug in the values of n, R, P, and T into the ideal gas law and solve for V:

V = (nRT)/P

V = (0.1998 mol x 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) x 273.15 K) / 1 atm

V = 4.38 L

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Takealot excels at providing convenience, extensive product selection, competitive pricing, and a seamless online shopping experience as its value proposition for consumers.

Convenience is a key aspect of Takealot's value proposition. As an online retailer, Takealot offers the convenience of 24/7 shopping from the comfort of one's own home.

Customers can browse a wide range of products, place orders, and have them delivered directly to their doorstep.

Takealot also offers an extensive product selection, spanning various categories such as electronics, fashion, home goods, and more.

This breadth of choices allows consumers to find and compare different products all in one place, saving them time and effort compared to traditional retailers with limited inventory.

Competitive pricing is another area where Takealot excels. By operating online, the company has lower overhead costs compared to brick-and-mortar retailers, enabling them to offer competitive prices and discounts to their customers.

The seamless online shopping experience provided by Takealot includes user-friendly interfaces, secure payment options, and efficient delivery services. This enhances customer satisfaction and convenience.

In contrast, traditional non-online retailers typically have limited operating hours, smaller product selections, and may not offer the same level of convenience and competitive pricing.

They often require customers to physically visit their stores, which can be time-consuming and may not provide the same level of ease and accessibility as online platforms like Takealot.

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The purpose of steps in crystallization of organic solid is to obtain pure crystals of the desired compound.

Crystallization is a technique for separating substances based on their solubility properties. It is a commonly used technique in the chemical industry for separating chemical compounds from a solution or a mixture. The purpose of steps in crystallization of organic solid is to obtain pure crystals of the desired compound. Here are the steps involved in crystallization:
Dissolving the solid: The organic solid is dissolved in a suitable solvent to form a saturated solution.
Filtration: The solution is filtered to remove any insoluble impurities that might be present.
Cooling: The solution is cooled slowly and carefully to allow the crystals to form.
Crystallization: The crystals are collected by filtration or decantation.
Drying: The crystals are dried in a desiccator to remove any residual solvent.
These steps ensure that the crystals obtained are pure and of a high quality. The slow cooling process is particularly important, as it allows the crystals to form in a controlled manner, which helps to ensure their purity. The drying process is also important, as it helps to remove any residual solvent that might be present, which can affect the purity of the crystals.

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6) Cobalt - [Ar] 3d⁷4s²

7) Silver -[Kr] 4d¹⁰5s¹

8) tellurium - [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴

9) radium - Rn 7s²

10) lawrencium - [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹

11) 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰4p⁶ 5s¹ - strontium

13) [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³- antimony atom

14) [Xe] 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ - Osmium

15)[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹ - Einsteinium

16) 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁵ - Bromine

17) 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s² 3d⁵ - Chlorine

18) [Ra]7s²5f⁶ - Einsteinium

19) [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵ - Tellurium

20) [Xe] - Xenon.

The shell number (n) is the first symbol used to represent an electron configuration, followed by the type of orbital and the superscript number of electrons in the orbital. Consider this: The periodic table shows that oxygen has eight electrons.

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Answer:

A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H+ ions

Explanation:hope this helps<33

The correct answer is c. Both a and b. If water is not allowed to drip off the metal before it is placed in the calorimeter, the excess water will increase the mass of the metal, leading to an incorrect calculation of its specific heat capacity.

Additionally, the water clinging to the metal will have a different temperature than the metal itself, causing the initial temperature of the calorimeter water to be incorrect, which will further affect the calculation of the specific heat capacity of the metal. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the water is removed from the metal before it is placed in the calorimeter to obtain accurate results.

A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat flow in a chemical or physical process. Calorimeters are used to determine the heat of reaction (ΔH) or the specific heat capacity of a substance (c). The most common type of calorimeter is the coffee cup calorimeter, which is a simple device consisting of a styrofoam cup with a lid and a thermometer inserted through the lid.

To use a calorimeter, the reactants are mixed inside the cup, and the heat released or absorbed by the reaction is measured by monitoring the change in temperature of the contents of the cup over time. By knowing the heat capacity of the calorimeter and the temperature change, the heat of reaction or specific heat capacity can be calculated using the equation:

q = CΔT

where q is the heat flow, C is the heat capacity of the calorimeter, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

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Answer:

Concept of chemi-fluorescence

Explanation:

A glow stick usually consists of two chemicals in a larger plastic tube: , a base catalyst (mostly sodium salicylate), and a suitable dye (sensitizer, or fluorophor). This creates an exergonic reaction when mixed together.

When a glow stick is bent, the flurophor which is a chemical that easily re-emits light upon excitation in smaller capsules is released into the other substance, there by causing it to emit radiation/light in the uv-visible region. The brightness and longevity of the glow stick is determined by varying the concentration of these chemicals.

I hope this explanation clarifies things.

(a) The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the average growth rate of the plants between the 2 gardening seasons is 1.55 ± 0.187 inches.

(b) The 95% interval from question 8a is narrower than the interval in this question (part a).

(c) The 95% interval from this question (part a) is more convincing in making a point that the head gardener should start using the newer fertilizer, if there is a difference.

Explanation to the short answers written above is written below,

(a) To construct the 95% confidence interval, we use the formula:

Confidence interval = sample mean ± (critical value * standard error)

In this case, the sample mean difference in monthly growth rate is 1.55 inches, and the standard deviation is 0.093 inches. Since the sample size is 49, we can assume the sampling distribution is approximately normal.

Using the appropriate critical value (which depends on the desired confidence level), we can calculate the standard error and construct the interval.

(b) The 95% interval from question 8a is narrower because it was constructed using a larger sample size (100 plants) compared to the current question (49 plants). A larger sample size provides more precise estimates and reduces the standard error, resulting in a narrower confidence interval.

(c) The 95% interval from this question (part a) is more convincing in making a point that the head gardener should start using the newer fertilizer, if there is a difference.

This is because the interval in this question has a smaller margin of error, indicating a higher level of precision in estimating the true difference in growth rates.

A smaller margin of error suggests a more reliable and accurate estimate, providing stronger evidence to support the conclusion that the newer fertilizer has a significant impact on plant growth.

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The volume of nitric acid in mL is 458.6 mL.

The specific gravity of a substance can provide information about its purity, concentration, or composition. The use of specific gravity (SG) to calculate volume using the SI system involves knowing the SG and weight of the substance.

The equation used is the same as in previous sections but rearranged to solve for volume in milliliters (mL) instead of weight in grams.

To calculate volume in mL, divide the weight in grams by the SG.

For example, if you have 642 g of nitric acid with an SG of 1.40:

The volume in mL would be (642 g/1.40) = 458.6 mL.

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Lemonade is a simple and classic drink that's perfect for hot summer days. The molarity of the sugar in our perfect cup of lemonade is 0.309 M.

Here's my recipe for the perfect cup of lemonade: Ingredients:1 cup freshly squeezed lemon juice1 cup sugar8 cups cold waterInstructions:1. Combine the lemon juice and sugar in a pitcher.2. Stir until the sugar dissolves.3. Add cold water to the pitcher.4. Stir well.5. Taste the lemonade and adjust the sweetness if needed by adding more sugar.6. Refrigerate for at least an hour before serving .Molarity of Sugar in Lemonade. To determine the molarity of the sugar in lemonade, we need to calculate the number of moles of sugar in the drink.

We can use the following formula to calculate the number of moles of solute: Moles of solute = \frac{mass of solute }{ molar mass of solute}

The molar mass of sugar is 342.3 g/mol. Let's say we used 1 cup (200 g) of sugar in our recipe.

Therefore, the number of moles of sugar in our lemonade is:

Moles of sugar = \frac{200 g }{342.3 g/mol }= 0.584 mol

Now, we need to calculate the volume of the solution. We used 8 cups of water (1.89 L).

Therefore, the molarity of the sugar in our lemonade is:

Molarity =\frac{ moles of solute }{ liters of solution}

Molarity = \frac{0.584 mol }{1.89 L} = 0.309 M

Therefore, the molarity of the sugar in our perfect cup of lemonade is 0.309 M.

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The third law of thermodynamics describes the entropy of a: solid.

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius). This law implies that at absolute zero, a perfectly ordered and pure crystalline solid will have zero entropy.

The third law of thermodynamics is not specific to liquids or gases but applies to solids. In a solid, the molecules are highly ordered and have fixed positions in a regular lattice structure. As the temperature decreases towards absolute zero, the thermal motion of the molecules reduces, and the system becomes more ordered, resulting in a decrease in entropy.

In contrast, liquids and gases have higher entropy compared to solids at absolute zero because their molecules have more freedom of movement and are not as tightly arranged. Therefore, the third law of thermodynamics specifically addresses the entropy of solids and does not apply to liquids or gases.

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Answer:

See the explanation

Explanation:

In this question we have to take into account that we have to get the same amount of atoms on both sides, so:

Reaction 1

\(BaCl_2~+~H_2SO_4~=>~BaSO_4~+~2HCl\)

We have 1 Ba, 2 Cl, 2 H and 4 O on both sides

Reaction 2

\(Ca(OH)_2~+~CO_2~=>~CaCO_3~+~H_2O\)

We have 1 Ca, 2O, 2 H and 1 C on both sides

Reaction 3

\(2Al~+~3CuCl_2~=>~2 AlCl_3~+~3Cu\)

We have 2 Al, 3 Cu, and 3 Cl on both sides

Reaction 4

\(2SO_2~+~O_2~=>~2SO_3\)

We have 2 A and 6O on both sides

Reaction 5

\(2NH_3~+~3CuO~=>~3Cu~+~N_2~+~3H_2O\)

We have 2 N, 3 H, 3 Cu and 3O on both sides.

I hope it helps