Demonstrate an analyte solution of 50.0 mL of 0.050 M hydrochloric acid, HCl, titrated with 0.10 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH (a titration you would do in the lab!)
(a) What chemical equation represents a titration reaction?
(b) At the start of the titration, before the NaOH is added, are the ions or molecules present in the solution? You only need to list the chemical species that are present in sufficient quantities - anything considered to be a small enough concentration that you would make an estimate of small changes to the ICE table need not be included.
(c) Which of the species you know in part (b) will determine the pH of the solution
(d) After adding 12.50 mL of NaOH, half way to the equivalence point, what ions or molecules are present in the solution
(e) At the equivalence point, after adding 25.00 mL of NaOH, what ions or molecules are present in the solution?
(f) Which of the species you know in part (e) will determine the pH of the solution
(g) After adding 37.50 mL of NaOH, 50% past the equivalence point, what ions or molecules are present in the solution?
(h) Which of the species you know in part (g) will determine the pH of the solution?
Answers
A) The reaction is HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O B) The NaOH is added, the chemical species present in the solution are H+ and Cl- ions from the hydrochloric acid.C) The H+ ions will determine the pH of solutions.D) The chemical species present in the solution are H+ ions, Cl- ions, and Na+ ions.E) The chemical species present in the solution are Na+ ions, Cl- ions, and water molecules. F) The chemical species present in the solution are Na+ ions, Cl- ions, and water molecules. G)The chemical species present in the solution are Na+ ions, Cl- ions, excess NaOH, and water molecules. H) The excess NaOH will determine the pH of the solution
(a) The chemical equation for the titration reaction is:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
(b) At the start of the titration, before the NaOH is added, the chemical species present in the solution are H+ and Cl- ions from the hydrochloric acid.
(c) The concentration of H+ ions will determine the pH of the solution.
(d) After adding 12.50 mL of NaOH, half way to the equivalence point, the chemical species present in the solution are H+ ions, Cl- ions, and Na+ ions.
(e) At the equivalence point, after adding 25.00 mL of NaOH, the chemical species present in the solution are Na+ ions, Cl- ions, and water molecules.
(f) At the equivalence point, the pH of the solution is determined by the presence of equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions from the dissociation of water molecules.
(g) After adding 37.50 mL of NaOH, 50% past the equivalence point, the chemical species present in the solution are Na+ ions, Cl- ions, excess NaOH, and water molecules.
(h) At this point, the excess NaOH will determine the pH of the solution since all of the HCl has been neutralized by the NaOH added.
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Related Questions
PLEASE HELP!! 0.25 mol of dextrose was added to 89.48 mol of water. What is the mole fraction of dextrose in the solution? Write at least 2 sig figs
Answers
Mole fraction of dextrose = moles of dextrose / total moles of solution
Total moles of solution = moles of dextrose + moles of water
Given, moles of dextrose = 0.25 mol
Moles of water = 89.48 mol
Total moles of solution = 0.25 mol + 89.48 mol = 89.73 mol
Mole fraction of dextrose = 0.25 mol / 89.73 mol = 0.0028
Rounding to 2 significant figures, the mole fraction of dextrose in the solution is 0.0028.
What does science mean to you?
Answers
Answer:
The study of properties for all things living and non-living
How much energy does it take to melt 50g of ice at 0°C?
Answers
Answer:
How much energy does it take to melt 50g of ice at 0°C?
The amount of energy required to melt 50g of ice at 0°C is approximately 334 Joules.
which of the following options correctly describe the boiling point of a substance? select all that apply. multiple select question. the boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the external pressure. the boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid evaporates to become a gas. a substance with strong intermolecular forces will have a low boiling point. the boiling point of a substance increases as the external pressure increases. boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of the liquid is sufficient for bubbles of vapor to form in the interior of the liquid.
Answers
The correct options are: The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the external pressure and Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of the liquid is sufficient for bubbles of vapor to form in the interior of the liquid.
The first option is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics and describes the point at which a liquid changes into a gas. At the boiling point, the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the external pressure, causing the liquid to boil and turn into a gas. The boiling point is a unique property of a substance and can be used to identify and characterize it.
The second option is a description of the process by which boiling occurs. Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of the liquid exceeds the external pressure and bubbles of vapor form in the interior of the liquid. These bubbles then rise to the surface and escape into the atmosphere. The temperature at which boiling occurs is the boiling point.
The other options are incorrect. A substance with strong intermolecular forces will have a high boiling point, not a low one. The boiling point of a substance increases as the external pressure decreases, not increases. Finally, while evaporation is a related process, it is not the same as boiling, which involves the entire volume of the liquid changing to a gas.
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Calculate the number of moles in 12.50 g of benzene C2H5OH.
Answers
The number of moles of Benzyl alcohol is 0.115 moles.
Number of moles can be also told in terms of Avogadro's number with is 6.023 × \(10^{23}\). It can be calculated for atoms, molecules, ions or others as well. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance. The concept of the mole helps to put quantitative information about what happens in a chemical equation on a macroscopic level. So it is used widely.
Molecular mass is nothing but the sum of atomic mass of all the element present in the molecule. In the above given question we have to calculate the number of moles of the molecule by using the given weight. To do so we use the below formula;
Number of moles = given weight
Molecular mass
⇒ 12.50 = 0.115 moles
108.14
Therefore the number of moles in 12.50 g of benzene C2H5OH is 0.115 moles
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Which factor least influences the rate of photosynthesis
Answers
Answer:
light intensity
Explanation:
5. in this experiment, 1.0 ml of saturated sodium chloride is used to rinse the hickman head after the initial distillation. why is saturated sodium chloride, rather than pure water, used for this procedure and the subsequent washing of the organic layer?
Answers
Saturated sodium chloride is used in this procedure because it helps to separate the organic layer from the aqueous layer.
What is organic layer?
Organic layer is a type of soil layer that includes organic matter such as leaves, wood, roots, and other plant and animal remains. This type of soil is important for agricultural production and is also beneficial to the environment. Organic layer is also known as top soil or humus. It is the most fertile and nutrient rich soil layer, due to the presence of the decomposing organic matter. Organic layer helps to regulate soil temperature and moisture, improve soil structure and aeration, and provide essential nutrients for plant growth. It also helps to reduce erosion, improve water-holding capacity, and keep soil particles in place. Organic layer also helps to increase the biodiversity of the soil, as it provides a habitat for beneficial microorganisms and other organisms. Organic layer is an important part of any healthy soil system.
The sodium chloride solution has a higher density than water and helps to ensure that the two layers remain distinct. Additionally, the sodium chloride helps to break the surface tension between the two layers, making it easier to separate them.
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sodium is a mineral element and is one of the principle positive ions. T/F?
Answers
True. Sodium is indeed a mineral element that is one of the principle positive ions, also known as cations, in the human body. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions such as maintaining proper fluid balance, transmitting nerve impulses, and supporting muscle function.
Sodium can be found in a variety of foods, particularly in salt (sodium chloride), processed foods, and certain types of dairy products. However, it's important to consume sodium in moderation as excessive intake can lead to negative health effects such as high blood pressure and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. True, sodium is a mineral element and is one of the principle positive ions.
Sodium is indeed a mineral element and is one of the principle positive ions, or cations, in our body. It plays a crucial role in maintaining proper fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle function. Sodium is an essential element that our body needs for various physiological processes. As a positive ion, it helps in maintaining the balance of fluids inside and outside our cells. Sodium also plays a critical role in transmitting nerve impulses and aiding muscle contractions.
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How have the people in Australia been affected by rabbits in Australia? Choose all that apply Rabbits might eat farmers' crops. O Rabbits eat vegetative cover, which has caused a decreased amount of food available for grazing livestock. O Their tax dollars have been used to try to control the rabbit population. Rabbits are a food source for grazing livestock
Answers
Rabbits eat vegetative cover, which has caused a decreased amount of food available for grazing livestock, Their tax dollars have been used to try to control the rabbit population are all ways by which Australians are affected by rabbits in Australia.
History of rabbits in AustraliaRabbits were introduced to Australia by European settlers in the mid-19th century for hunting and as pets. However, their populations soon spiraled out of control, and they have since become a major environmental and agricultural pest in Australia.
The overpopulation of rabbits has caused extensive damage to Australia's native vegetation, leading to soil erosion, loss of habitats for native species, and altered ecosystems. This has had a significant impact on the environment, with many native species struggling to survive.
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Solve C2H4 + O2 = CO2 + H2O using the algebraic method.
Answers
C2H4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O ⇒ C2H4 + 2.5O2 → 2CO2 + H2O
How does balancing of chemical rection?The algebraic method of balancing a chemical equation involves writing the reactants and products of the reaction as symbols and assigning each side of the equation a numerical coefficient to balance the equation. The coefficients must be rational numbers, and all coefficients must be multiplied by the same number to conserve the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.For example, if a reaction is written as A + B → C, then the coefficients of A and B are multiplied by the same constant until the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation is equal. If the coefficients of A and B are 2 and 3 respectively, then they must both be multiplied by 3 to balance the equation, so the balanced equation would be 6A + 9B → C.
In this question
Step 1: Balance the equation.
C2H4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
2C2H4 + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O
Step 2: Isolate the variable.
Divide both sides of the equation by 2.
C2H4 + 2.5O2 → 2CO2 + H2O
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What does the hydrosphere include?
Glaciers
Groundwater
Lava
Polar Ice
Answers
The hydrosphere include glaciers, groundwater, and polar ice. That is option A, B and C.
What is hydrosphere?Hydrosphere is defined as the part of the earth that is made up of water which includes the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air.
The water found in the hydrosphere of earth moves in cycles in such a way that non is lost.
The components of the hydrosphere include the following:
oceans, Polar ice,freshwater,surface water, groundwater, glacial water, and atmospheric water vapour.The polar ice is part of the hydrosphere because it is the frozen part of the earth's hydrosphere.
The lava is not part of the hydrosphere but part of lithosphere and it's released when volcanic eruptions occurs.
Therefore is can be concluded that glaciers, groundwater, and polar ice are parts of the hydrosphere while the lava is not part of the hydrosphere.
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How do the mass number and atomic change as a particle goes through alpha decay?
Answers
Is the law of conservation of matter followed in the reaction below? HELP!
Answers
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
6 minutes ago • Chemistry • High School
Ethanol (C2H5OH) is produced from the fermentation of
sucrose in the presence of enzymes.
AC
C12H22011(aq) + H2O(g) 4 C2H5OH(1) + 4 CO2(g)
Determine the theoretical yield and the percent yields of ethanol if 720.g
sucrose undergoes fermentation and 323.0 g ethanol is obtained.
Answers
Answer:
387.62, 83.33%
Explanation:
Given:
\(C_{12} H_{22} O_{11}(aq) + H_2O(g) -4 C_2H_5OH(1) + 4 CO_2(g)\)
720g of Sucrose produces 323g ethanol.
Theoretical yieldTo calculate the theoretical yield, you can use a mole-to-mole ratio. Assuming that there is excess H2O, you can calculate the theoretical yield like so:
\(720g C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}*\frac{1 mol C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}{342.3g} *\frac{4mol C_2H_5OH}{1mol C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}} *\frac{46.07g}{1molC_2H_5OH} =387.62g\)
Percent YieldAn easy way to find percent yield is
\(\frac{Actual }{Theoretical} *100\)
So, plug the numbers in.
\(\frac{323.0}{387.62} *100 = 83.33%\)
So, the percent yield is 83.33%.
What is the mass of a neutron?
A) 1/2,000 amu
B) 1 amu
C) 2,000 amu
D) 1/200 amu
Answers
Answer:
B) 1 amu
Explanation:
Formula for:
* Density: D = M/V?
* Mass: ?
* Volume?
(CHEMISTRY FORMULAS ONLY!!)
Answers
V=nRT/P
What is the pKa for the N-terminal amino group of the peptide K-T-I-D?a. 8.14b. 11.96c. 12.32d. 10.19
Answers
the correct response would be (a), which corresponds to a pKa value for the amino group of the majority of amino acids at 8.14.
The pKa of the N-terminal amino group of a peptide refers to the pH at which 50% of the groups are protonated and 50% are deprotonated. The pKa value for the N-terminal amino group of an amino acid is approximately 9.5. However, the presence of neighboring amino acids and other factors can influence this value. For the peptide K-T-I-D, the N-terminal amino group is exposed and therefore likely to have a pKa similar to that of a free amino acid.
Therefore, the answer would be (a) 8.14, which is close to the pKa value for the amino group of most amino acids.
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6. Discuss Rachel Carson's idea that humans have "a fundamental right to a healthy environment."
Answers
Answer:
Biologist Rachel Carson made the world aware of the ecological effect of chemical composts and pesticides. Her most popular book, Silent Spring, prompted a presidential commission that generally embraced her discoveries and assisted with molding a developing ecological awareness.
Carson was not against the utilization of synthetic fertilizers or chemicals completely; rather, she thought the overuse was pushing their abuse for its financial increase, to the detriment of the health of the environment.
All individuals have the right to inhale clean air and to be liberated from the danger of poisoning due to chemicals; in this manner, all Americans likewise have an obligation to ensure that the earth is safe and clean.
The formula for vitamin C is C6H6O6. Name the elements and the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of vitamin C.
Answers
Hydrogen - 6 atoms
Oxygen - 6 atoms
when a catalyst is added to reactants, the reaction rate may increase or..
A: occur at a lower temperature
B: decrease
C: stay the same
Answers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
It increases the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy for a reaction
If the scientist measured the mass of the copper cube after it had been in the furnace for one hour what would the cube’s mass probably be? Explain your answer
Answers
The air pressure at the top of Mount
Everest is about 199 mm Hg.
What is the pressure on Everest in
atmospheres?
[?] atm
Answers
The air pressure at the top of Mount Everest in atmospheres is equal to 0.2618 atm.
What is pressure?In Science, pressure can be defined as a measure of the force exerted per unit area of an object or physical body. This ultimately implies that, pressure is usually measured in Newton per meter square and calculated by using this formula:
P = F/A
Where:
P represents the pressure.F represents the force.A represents the area.Generally speaking, air pressure can be measured in other units such as the following:
PascalAtmosphereMillimeters of mercury (mm Hg).In order to convert the value of pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) to atmosphere, we would divide by 760 as follows:
Air pressure = 199/760
Air pressure = 0.2618 atm.
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Answer: 0.261842
Explanation:
) Which science is primarily concerned with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes?
A) biology
B) chemistry
C) geology
D) physics
Answers
The science that is primarily concerned with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes is chemistry (Option B).
Chemistry is the scientific study of matter, its properties, composition, structure, behavior, and the changes that matter undergoes during reactions with other substances. In a nutshell, chemistry deals with the characteristics and behavior of atoms and molecules, as well as their transformations, energy changes, and interactions.
The study of chemical reactions and the behavior of matter in different environments is the primary focus of chemistry. Therefore, chemistry is the science that is primarily concerned with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Identify the type of bond in the picture below. The choices for both A and B are “polar covalent bond”, “non polar covalent bond”, “dipole-dipole attraction” and “ionic bond”.
Answers
The type of bond present in the picture below for both A and B are “polar covalent bond and "dipole-dipole attraction” respectively.
What are chemical bonds?The ability to form molecules and crystals is made possible by a chemical bond, which is a strong attraction between atoms or ions. The bond may be created by the sharing of electrons in covalent bonds or by the electrostatic interaction between ions that have opposing charges.
Other forms of forces present in molecules of compounds are intermolecular forces such as dipole-dipole attraction" and hydrogen bonds.
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Question 5 of 10
The engineering process defines the steps engineers take to create
technology. Which of these describes these steps in the correct order?
A. Identifying a problem, testing various solutions, researching side
effects of each solution, choosing a solution, looking to improve
the solution, planning how to test the solution
OB. Identifying a problem, making a solution, testing the solution,
mass production, making improvements
O C. Identifying a need, researching the background of that need,
making a plan to meet the need, doing the work, evaluating the
results, looking for improvements
OD. Identifying a problem, brainstorming solutions, researching the
background of each solution, testing solutions, choosing a
solution, production, making future improvements
Answers
Answer: C. Identifying a need, researching the background of that need,
making a plan to meet the need, doing the work, evaluating the
results, looking for improvements
the ____ order split from the cluniac order to follow the rules of saint benedict more strictly.
Answers
The Cistercian order split from the Cluniac order to follow the rules of Saint Benedict more strictly.
The Cistercians, formally known as the Order of Cistercians (Latin: (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns who split off from the Benedictines and adhere to the Latin Rule, which incorporates Bernard of Clairvaux's contributions as well as the Rule of Saint Benedict. As a nod to the color of the "cuculla" or cowl (choir robe) worn by the Cistercians over their habits as opposed to the black cowl used by Benedictines, they are also known as Bernardines, after Saint Bernard himself, or as White Monks.
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Which of the following statements on HPLC modes is true? A. Increasing the polarity of the mobile phase decreases the elution time of polar compounds in normal-phase HPLC B. A non-polar stationary phase is used in normal-phase HPLC C. Compounds have a lower attraction to the mobile phase than to the stationary phase in displacement development D. A polar stationary phase is used in reversed-phase HPLC E. More polar compounds elute first in normal-phase HPLC
Answers
The following statements on HPLC modes are true is more polar compounds elute first in normal-phase HPLC (Option E).
The liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique in analytical chemistry employed for the separation, identification, and quantification of elements. It is considered a highly sensitive method, and it works by separating the components in a mixture with the assistance of a solvent under high pressure.
There are two modes of HPLC: Reversed-Phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and Normal-Phase HPLC (NP-HPLC). In RP-HPLC, a nonpolar stationary phase, such as C18, is used, and polar solvents, such as water, are used as mobile phases. Polar stationary phases, such as silica gel, are used in NP-HPLC, while nonpolar solvents, such as hexane, are used as mobile phases.
More polar compounds have a greater affinity for the polar stationary phase than less polar compounds, which have a higher affinity for the nonpolar mobile phase in NP-HPLC. As a result, less polar compounds elute first in normal-phase HPLC.
Thus, the correct option is E.
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Use the Ky values for weak acids to identify the best components for preparing buffer solutions with the given pH values. name formula Ka phosphoric acid H3PO4 7.5 x 10^-3 acetic acid CH3COOH 1.8 x 10^-5 formic acid HCOOH 1.8 x 10^-4 pH=1.9 Choose... pH=5.0 Choose... pH=3.9 Choose...
Answers
pH = 1.9, the best component for preparing a buffer solution would be phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄).
pH = 5.0, the best component for preparing a buffer solution would be acetic acid (CH₃COOH).
pH = 3.9, the best component for preparing a buffer solution would be formic acid (HCOOH).
Because phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) has a pH value of 1.9 and a pKa value of 2.1, it is the best buffering agent. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is the optimum buffer component for pH 5.0 as well since its pKa value (4.8) is the closest to the necessary pH. The ideal buffer component for pH 3.9 is formic acid (HCOOH), whose pKa value (3.8) is the closest to the target pH.
Colorless, odourless, and highly soluble acid chemical phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) is frequently employed in a variety of industrial and food processing applications. Since it may provide three hydrogen ions (\(H^+\)) to a solution, it is a triprotic acid. Phosphoric acid dissociates in phases, with the initial dissociation being the strongest and the successive dissociations being weaker.
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can someone help me with science plz. Make a prediction: What do you think the petri dish will look like on Day 5?
Answers
Answer:
it would have some bacteria considering it would probs take up to 4-6 days for it to grow
Explanation:
Can anyone help me with all of these?
Answers
The frequency and the wavelength are;
1) 4 * 10^-5 m
2) 2 * 10^-7 m
3) 4.4 * 10^13 Hz
4) 4.6 * 10^14 Hz
5) 4.5 * 10^-7 m
What is the frequency of light?From the fact that;
c = λf
c = Speed of light
λ = wavelength
f = frequency
1) λ = 3 * 10^8/7.5 * 10^12
λ = 4 * 10^-5 m
2) λ = 3 * 10^8/1.5 * 10^15
λ = 2 * 10^-7 m
3) f = c/ λ
f = 3 * 10^8/6.8 * 10^-5
f = 4.4 * 10^13 Hz
4) f = 3 * 10^8/6.5 * 10^-7
f = 4.6 * 10^14 Hz
5) λ = c/f
= 3 * 10^8/6.6 * 10^14
= 4.5 * 10^-7 m
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