Describe how rate relashionships and activation energy are important on chemical reactions.

The equatorial conformation of methylcyclohexane is more stable than the axial conformation. In flipping equilibrium, the chair flipping process occurs to minimize steric hindrance and achieve the more stable equatorial conformation.

Methylcyclohexane is a cyclohexane molecule with a methyl group (-CH3) attached to one of the carbon atoms. In the chair conformation, the cyclohexane ring is puckered, resembling the shape of a chair. Flipping equilibrium refers to the interconversion between two chair forms through a process called chair flipping.

The two chair forms of methylcyclohexane in flipping equilibrium are known as the axial and equatorial conformations. Let's consider the initial chair conformation with the methyl group in the axial position. In this conformation, the methyl group is oriented vertically and is pointing upward, while the other substituents are in equatorial positions.

Axial Conformation:

```

      H

       |

   H---C---H

    \ / \

     C   H

    / \ /

   H   H

```

During chair flipping, the cyclohexane ring undergoes a transition state where the axial substituents become equatorial, and vice versa. As a result, the methyl group that was initially axial will become equatorial in the flipped chair conformation.

Equatorial Conformation:

```

      H

       |

   H---C---H

    \ / \

     H   H

    / \ /

   H   C

       |

       H

```

In general, substituents prefer to occupy equatorial positions due to less steric hindrance. Steric hindrance refers to the repulsion between bulky groups that affects the stability of a molecule. In the equatorial conformation, the methyl group is in the preferred equatorial position, reducing steric hindrance with the other substituents.

On the other hand, the axial conformation places the methyl group in a less favorable position. The axial orientation leads to more significant steric interactions with the other substituents, resulting in higher energy and less stability compared to the equatorial conformation.

Therefore, the equatorial conformation of methylcyclohexane is more stable than the axial conformation. In flipping equilibrium, the chair flipping process occurs to minimize steric hindrance and achieve the more stable equatorial conformation.

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the formulae of the hydrogen carbonates of metals X, Y, and Z are X(HCO3), Y(HCO3)2, and Z(HCO3)3, respectively.  The valencies of metals X, Y, and Z are 1, 2, and 3 respectively.

The formula for hydrogen carbonate is HCO3-, which consists of one hydrogen ion, one carbonate ion, and two oxygen atoms.To determine the formula for the hydrogen carbonates of metals X, Y, and Z, we need to consider the charges of the metal cations and the carbonate anion. For X with a valency of 1, the formula for its hydrogen carbonate is X(HCO3), where X is the metal cation with a charge of +1. For Y with a valency of 2, the formula for its hydrogen carbonate is Y(HCO3)2, where Y is the metal cation with a charge of +2. For Z with a valency of 3, the formula for its hydrogen carbonate is Z(HCO3)3, where Z is the metal cation with a charge of +3.

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Answer:

Ghrelin

Explanation:

Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and stimulates food intake. The correct option is d.

Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates food intake. It is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" because it plays a crucial role in regulating appetite. When the stomach is empty, ghrelin levels increase, signaling the brain to initiate feelings of hunger and promote eating. Once the stomach is full, ghrelin levels decrease, reducing the desire to eat and contributing to feelings of satiety.

The other options, Peptide PYY, Cholecystokinin, and Gastrin, are not primarily responsible for stimulating food intake. Peptide PYY is an appetite-suppressing hormone released by the intestines in response to food consumption, helping to induce feelings of fullness. Cholecystokinin, another hormone secreted by the small intestine, plays a role in digestion and also contributes to satiety. Gastrin, produced in the stomach, is primarily involved in stimulating the secretion of gastric acid, which aids in the breakdown of food during digestion.

In summary, ghrelin is the hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates food intake, making option d the correct answer.

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Answer:

the natural and man made thing which we can see around us is known as environment. not enviorement.

Answer:

Environment means anything that surrounds us. It can be living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) things. It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces. ... In the environment there are different interactions between animals, plants, soil, water, and other living and non-living things.

The binding energy per nucleon is typically in the range of 8 to 10 MeV/nucleon for medium-weight nuclei such as ^235U. the binding energy per nucleon for the fission product ^137 Cs is approximately 1.085558768e-12 joules per nucleon.

To calculate the binding energy follow the steps. Determine the atomic masses of the individual protons and neutrons in the nucleus. You can find these values in a table of atomic masses. Count the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. For ^235U, there are 235 protons and 235-235=0 neutrons. Calculate the total mass of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus using their atomic masses and the number of each type of nucleon. Determine the total binding energy of the nucleus using the mass defect formula: Binding energy = (total mass of protons and neutrons) - (actual mass of nucleus) Calculate the binding energy per nucleon by dividing the total binding energy by the number of nucleons (protons + neutrons) in the nucleus.

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The lattice energy is the energy released when 1 mole of a solid ionic compound is formed from its ions in the gas state. The magnitude of lattice energy depends on the charges of the ions and their sizes.

The correct order of decreasing magnitude of lattice energy is: c. CaO > b. KI > a. LiBr

CaO has the highest lattice energy because Ca2+ and O2- ions have the highest charges (2+ and 2-) and smallest sizes, which results in strong electrostatic attraction between them.

KI has the second-highest lattice energy because K+ and I- ions have higher charges than Li+ and Br-, and their sizes are larger than Ca2+ and O2-. However, the attraction between K+ and I- ions is stronger than Li+ and Br- ions due to their higher charges.

LiBr has the lowest lattice energy because Li+ and Br- ions have the smallest charges and larger sizes than Ca2+ and O2- or K+ and I- ions. The electrostatic attraction between them is the weakest among the three compounds. The compounds arranged in order of decreasing magnitude of lattice energy are CaO > LiBr > KI.

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Answer:

C. The molecules move slower

Explanation:

Answer:

I think C option ✔️ ✔️ correct

Answer:

i think 70inches

Explanation:

Segments are an important concept in geometry, and they are defined as a portion of a line that has two endpoints. Without more information about the context in which these segments are located, we cannot definitively say why one is shorter than the other. However, we can use these examples to illustrate the importance of considering the endpoints and context when comparing segment lengths in geometry.

To start, we need to consider the endpoints of each segment. Segment BC has endpoints B and C, while segment DE has endpoints D and E. Next, we can look at the location of these endpoints in relation to each other.

One possibility is that segment DE is simply longer than segment BC because the distance between points D and E is greater than the distance between points B and C. However, this may not be the case since we are given no information about the relative positions of these points.

Another possibility is that the segments are located in different parts of a larger figure, and the surrounding geometry affects their lengths. For example, if segment DE is part of a triangle with a longer base than the triangle containing segment BC, then segment DE would be longer even if the endpoints D and E were closer together than the endpoints B and C.

Complete question - Explain why the segment bc is significantly shorter than segment de in a triangle?

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We need approximately 122.0 mL of ether to extract 105.0 g of solute Q in one extraction from the original 122.0 g dissolved in 150 mL water.

The distribution coefficient (Kd) is defined as the ratio of the concentration of solute in the organic phase (ether) to its concentration in the aqueous phase (water) at equilibrium. In this case, Kd = 9.

Let's assume that x mL of ether is required to extract 105.0 g of solute Q. At equilibrium, the amount of solute Q in ether phase is equal to Kd times the amount of solute Q in water phase.

Initial amount of solute Q in water phase = 122.0 g

Amount of solute Q extracted in one extraction = 105.0 g

Amount of solute Q remaining in water phase = 122.0 - 105.0 = 17.0 g

Using the equation for Kd, we can write:

Kd = [amount of solute Q in ether phase]/[amount of solute Q in water phase]

9 = (105.0 g/x mL)/(17.0 g/150 mL)

Solving for x, we get:

x = (105.0 g/17.0 g) * (150 mL/9)

x = 122.06 mL

Therefore, we need approximately 122.0 mL of ether to extract 105.0 g of solute Q in one extraction from the original 122.0 g dissolved in 150 mL water.

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Solid lead nitrate is heated and forms solid lead oxide, gaseous nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen then it form of decomposition reaction

Lead nitrate is a white color inorganic powder with the chemical formula Pb ( NO₃)₂ when Lead nitrate decomposes it produces Lead oxide a yellow colored oxide of  brown colored Nitrogen dioxide gas, and colorless Oxygen gas and also it gives yellow colors

When lead nitrate is heated it decomposes to form lead oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen from the reaction, we can see that lead nitrate decomposes on heating and forms lead oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen thus, lead nitrate on decomposition gives lead oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen and the lead nitrate and when solid lead nitrate heated it decomposes to produce light yellow solid lead monoxide, reddish-brown nitrogen dioxide gas and colourless oxygen gas

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Answer:

B. They both contain three atoms around the central atom.

Explanation:

Answer: b

Explanation:

Answer: The final volume is 1108 ml

Explanation:

According to combined gas law:

\(\frac{P_1V_1}{n_1T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{n_2T_2}\)

Where :

\(P_1\) = initial pressure = 1.000 atm

\(V_1\) = initial volume = 550.0 ml

\(n_1\)= initial moles = 4.50

\(T_1\) = initial temperature = \(5.000^0C=(273+5.000)=278.00K\)

\(P_2\) = final pressure = 1.250 atm

\(V_2\) = final volume = ?

\(n_2\)= final moles = 10.50

\(T_2\) = final temperature = \(27.00^0C=(273+27.00)K=300.0K\)

\(\frac{1.000\times 550.0}{4.50\times 278.00K}=\frac{1.250\times V_2}{10.50\times 300.0}\)

\(V_2=1108ml\)

Thus final volume is 1108 ml

Through NADH and FADH2, the oxidized electrons from acetyl coa exit the Krebs cycle.

The electron is a sub-atomic particle with an electric charge of only one elementary charge lower than positive. Due to their less of known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the lepton particle familys first generation they are typically considered to be elementary particles. A negatively charged subatomic particle called an electron can either be free or attached to an atom (not bound). One of the three main types of particles in an atom is an electron that is attached to it; the other two are protons and neutrons. The nucleus of an atom is combination of  protons and  electrons and neutrons. The smallest elementary electrically charged particle is an electron, according to definition. What orbiting an atom's nucleus is an illustration of an electron. a taxonomic genus belonging to the Momotidae family.

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The equation must have the following form to be balanced: 4CO2 + 2H2O = 2C2H2 + 5O2

S8: O2 = 1/8; S8 utilized = 240/8 = 30SO2 generated is equal to the number of sulphur molecules used, which is 240. Stoichiometry is the name given to the study of chemical processes in mathematics. Numerous calculations can be done, such as stoichiometry, which is most usually performed with moles but can also be done with masses and even percentages. Stoichiometric ratio A stoichiometric ratio is important when considering the interactions between specific elements or molecules. This exact ratio of reactant to product coefficients is necessary for a reaction to occur properly. Let's discuss some problems you can run across when you learn about stoichiometry. Chemical Equations in Balance Equations needing to be balanced is a fairly common stoichiometric issue type. This is an essential chemistry skill since a reaction can only occur if the ratio of reactants to products is correct.possess. Additionally, it provides an essential framework for organic chemistry. Balance the ensuing reply: _ CO2 + _ H2O C2H2 + _ O2 To be balanced, equations must have an equal number of each element on both sides of the reaction. Before balancing the oxygen, you can start by balancing the carbons and hydrogens. The equation must have the following form to be balanced: 4CO2 + 2H2O = 2C2H2 + 5O2

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To find the number of moles represented by a certain number of particles, you can use Avogadro's number and the concept of molar mass.

Avogadro's number (symbolized as N_A) is a fundamental constant that represents the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in one mole of a substance. It is approximately equal to 6.022 × 10²³ particles/mole.

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in grams/mole. It represents the sum of the atomic masses or molecular masses of the constituent particles in a substance.

To calculate the number of moles, you can follow these steps;

Determine the number of particles you have (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.).

Identify the molar mass of the substance or the average molar mass if it's a mixture.

Divide the number of particles by Avogadro's number to convert them into moles. The formula is:

Moles = Number of Particles / Avogadro's number

Moles = Number of Particles / (6.022 ×10²³ particles/mole)

The result will give you the number of moles represented by the given number of particles.

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--The given question is incorrect, the correct question is

"Explain how you would find the number of moles that are represented by a certain number of representative particles."--

Answer:They can be spread through skin contact, bodily fluids, airborne particles, contact with feces, and touching a surface touched by an infected person.

Immunise against infectious diseases.

Wash and dry your hands regularly and well.

Stay at home if you are sick.

Cover coughs and sneezes.

Clean surfaces regularly.

Ventilate your home.

Prepare food safely.

Practise safe sex.

Explanation:

Mothballs are made of naphtalene. The chemical structure of naphthalene is formed by two benzene rings, which gives this substance the classification of an aromatic compound.

The active principle of naphthalene is explained by a very interesting physical characteristic: sublimation, which is defined as the direct transition from a solid to a gaseous state. Once sublimated, naphthalene appears as a toxic vapor for undesirable microorganisms.

So, when a bag of mothballs is opened, they will sublime. So the molecules will not be able to come back to the bag, because they're in the gaseous state, which is too difficult for us to "pick up" the molecules of mothballs again and place them in their bag again.

It is like picking up water vapor, it is impossible.

Answer: Alternative "D"

a) Melting: An example of melting that occurs in our everyday life is when we heat butter on a stovetop.

b) Freezing: Freezing is the process in which a liquid transforms into a solid upon cooling.

c) Condensation: One example of condensation that we encounter regularly is when water droplets form on the surface of a cold drink on a hot day.

d) Evaporation: Evaporation is the process by which a liquid transforms into a gas or vapor.

e) Sublimation: Sublimation refers to the transformation of a substance directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state.

a) Melting:  Butter is a solid at room temperature, but when heat is applied, it melts into a liquid. This change is a result of the increase in temperature, which provides enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the butter molecules together.

b) Freezing:Eventually, the temperature reaches the freezing point of water (0°C or 32°F), at which the water molecules slow down and arrange themselves into a regular, crystalline structure. This transformation from a liquid to a solid state is accompanied by the release of heat energy.

c) Condensation: As the temperature decreases, the air's capacity to hold moisture decreases, causing the water vapor in the air to condense into liquid water droplets. This process occurs due to the transfer of heat energy from the warm air to the cold surface, leading to the saturation of the air and the conversion of water vapor into liquid form.

d) Evaporation:  As the sun's heat energy is absorbed by the water molecules on the clothes' surface, their kinetic energy increases, causing them to break free from the liquid phase and escape into the surrounding air as water vapor. This process occurs because the molecules at the liquid surface with sufficient energy can overcome the attractive forces within the liquid and enter the gas phase.

e) Sublimation: Sublimation refers to the transformation of a substance directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state. An example of sublimation is the process of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) converting into carbon dioxide gas.

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To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law equation: P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Where P₁, V₁, and T₁ are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, and P₂, V₂, and T₂ are the final pressure, volume, and temperature. We are given V₁ = 325 cm³, T₁ = 20°C = 293 K, P₁ = 723 mmHg, and V₂ = 975 cm³ at the same temperature T₂ = 293 K. We need to find P₂. First, we need to convert the initial pressure from mmHg to atm: P₁ = 723 mmHg × 1 atm/760 mmHg = 0.9513 atm. Now we can plug in the values and solve for P₂: P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂. 0.9513 atm × 325 cm³/293 K = P₂ × 975 cm³/293 K. P₂ = 0.9513 atm × 325 cm³ × 293 K / (975 cm³ × 293 K). P₂ = 0.3164 atm. Therefore, the pressure that must be applied to the neon gas to permit its expansion to a volume of 975 cm³ is approximately 0.3164 atm.

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we write the empirical formula using the mole ratios as subscripts: Empirical formula of Calcocite = Cu2STherefore, the empirical formula for Calcocite is Cu2S.

Calcocite is a mineral composed of 79.9 mass % copper and 20.1 mass % sulfur. To determine the empirical formula for Calcocite, we must first determine the mole ratios of copper and sulfur in the mineral.

Here's how: Step-by-step explanation:

We assume a 100 g sample of Calcocite.

Then, the mass of copper in the sample is 79.9 g (79.9 mass % of 100 g) and the mass of sulfur in the sample is 20.1 g (20.1 mass % of 100 g).Next, we find the moles of copper and sulfur using their atomic masses:

Moles of copper = 79.9 g / 63.55 g/mol (atomic mass of copper)

= 1.257 moles Moles of sulfur

= 20.1 g / 32.06 g/mol (atomic mass of sulfur)

= 0.626 moles

Then, we divide each mole value by the smallest mole value to get the simplest whole-number ratio of moles:

Moles of copper / Smallest mole value

= 1.257 / 0.626

= 2.007 Moles of sulfur / Smallest mole value

= 0.626 / 0.626

= 1.000 (Note that we rounded off the mole ratio of copper to two decimal places, which may introduce some errors in our calculation.

However, we will use this rounded value to make our empirical formula easier to write.)

Finally, we write the empirical formula using the mole ratios as subscripts: Empirical formula of Calcocite = Cu2STherefore, the empirical formula for Calcocite is Cu2S.

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8.16 g H is produced by 8.16% H, 48.64 g C by 48.64 g C, and 43.20 g O by 43.20% O. If necessary, divide these numbers by integers to produce whole numbers; if one of the numbers is altered, the others must be altered as well.The empirical formula of  \(C3H6O2\)  is methyl acetate.

The chemical formula of methyl acetate is 48.64% carbon, 8.16% hydrogen, and 43.20% oxygen. The empirical formula is \(CH2O\). \(CH3N\) empirical formula. \(C3H3O\) is the empirical formula. Consider that we have 100 g of the material. We therefore have 29.0 g of oxygen, 5.5 g of hydrogen, and 65.5 g of carbon. \(C3H3O\) is the empirical formula. A chemical having a mass of only 48.64% C and 8.16% H is composed entirely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The empirical formula for the chemical is what AI Recommended Reaction This substance's empirical formula is \(C2H6O2\).

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Answer:

1. In 0.0250 moles of potassium chromate there are 0.05 moles of potassium , 0.025 moles of chromium and 0.1 moles of oxygen are present.

2. In 4.50 moles of ammonium carbonate there are 9 moles of ammonium ions and 4.5 moles of carbonate ions are present.

Explanation:

1.

Moles of potassium chromate = 0.0250 mol

Formula of potassium chromate = \(K_2CrO_4\)

1 mole of potassium chromate has 2 moles of potassium , 1 mole of chromium and 4 moles of oxygen.

Then in 0.0250 moles of potassium chromate:

Moles of potassium will be:

\(2\times 0.0250 mol= 0.05 mol\)

Moles of chromium will be:

\(1\times 0.0250 mol= 0.025 mol\)

Moles of oxygen will be:

\(4\times 0.0250 mol= 0.1 mol\)

2.

Moles of ammonium carbonate = 4.50 mol

Formula of ammonium carbonate =\((NH_4)_2CO_3\)

1 mole of ammonium carbonate has 2 moles of ammonium ion and 1  mole of carbonate ion.

Then in 4.50 moles of ammonium carbonate:

Moles of ammonium ion will be:

\(2\times 4.50 mol= 9mol\)

Moles of carbonate ions will be:

\(1\times 4.50 mol= 4.5 mol\)

The mass of the cell wall, assuming the cell is spherical and the wall is a thin spherical shell, is approximately 0.91 milligrams.

To calculate the mass of the cell wall, we first need to determine the volume of the wall.

The given diameter of the cell is 0.00 μm, which means the radius (r) of the cell is half of that, so r = 0.00/2 = 0.00 μm = 0.00 nm.Now, we need to find the volume of the cell wall, which can be approximated as a thin spherical shell. The volume of a thin spherical shell can be calculated using the formula:

V = 4/3 * π * (r_outer^3 - r_inner^3)

Since the cell is spherical, the inner radius of the shell is the same as the radius of the cell (r), and the outer radius of the shell is the sum of the radius of the cell (r) and the thickness of the wall (60.0 nm). Thus, the outer radius (r_outer) of the shell is:

r_outer = r + thickness = 0.00 + 60.0 = 60.0 nm

Substituting the values into the formula, we have:

V = 4/3 * π * (60.0^3 - 0.00^3)

= 4/3 * π * (216,000 nm^3)

= 288,000 π nm^3

Next, we need to calculate the mass of the cell wall using the density of pure water. The density (ρ) is given as 1000 kg/m^3, which is equivalent to 1000 kg/1,000,000,000 nm^3 since 1 m = 1,000,000,000 nm. Thus, the mass (m) of the cell wall is:

m = ρ * V

= 1000 kg/1,000,000,000 nm^3 * 288,000 π nm^3

= 0.000288 π kg

Now, we can calculate the mass of the cell wall by substituting the value of π (pi) as 3.14159:

m = 0.000288 * 3.14159 kg

= 0.000905 kg

≈ 0.91 mg

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Answer:

option C. it contain 6 neutrons.

Explanation:

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

The molarity of the base used in the experiment, which was determined based on the recovered NaCl and the volumes of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, was approximately 1.15 M.

To determine the molarity of the base used in the experiment, we need to use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation and the given data.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

First, we need to find the number of moles of NaCl produced. We can do this by using the given mass of NaCl (2.22 g) and its molar mass (58.44 g/mol):

moles of NaCl = mass of NaCl / molar mass of NaCl

moles of NaCl = 2.22 g / 58.44 g/mol

moles of NaCl = 0.038 moles

Next, we can use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to determine the number of moles of NaOH that reacted. Since the mole ratio between NaCl and NaOH is 1:1, the number of moles of NaOH is also 0.038 moles.

Now, we can calculate the molarity of the base (sodium hydroxide) using the given volume of sodium hydroxide solution (0.033 L):

Molarity of NaOH = moles of NaOH / volume of NaOH solution

Molarity of NaOH = 0.038 moles / 0.033 L

Molarity of NaOH ≈ 1.15 M

Therefore, the molarity of the base used in the experiment is approximately 1.15 M.

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Yes, NaOH is an Arrhenius base because it increases the concentration of hydroxide ions when dissolved in a solution.

According to Arrhenius theory proposed by Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius defines that an acid is the substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) ions in a solution, while a base is a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) ions in a solution.

When NaOH is dissolved in water, it dissociates in sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). The presence of hydroxide ions in the solution makes it basic. The hydroxide ions are responsible for increasing the concentration of the hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution making NaOH an Arrhenius base.

The dissociation of NaOH in water can be represented by the following equation:

[NaOH (s)] → [Na+ (aq)]+ [OH- (aq)]

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