describe the cyclic and non-cyclic electron pathways in the light reactions of photosynthesis in general terms
Answers
The light energy is used to generate ATP and NADPH, which are subsequently used in the Calvin cycle to fix CO₂ into organic molecules.
In general , There are two pathways by which the light energy can be used to generate ATP and NADPH the cyclic electron pathway and the non-cyclic electron pathway. In the non-cyclic electron pathway, light energy is absorbed by pigments in photosystem II (PSII), which excites electrons and causes them to be transferred to an electron acceptor molecule called plastoquinone.
In the cyclic electron pathway, electrons are excited by pigments in PS I and are passed through a series of electron carriers in the thylakoid membrane, releasing energy that is used to pump protons from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen.
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Related Questions
Why do echinoderms have spiny skin?
Answers
Answer:
Its A
Explanation:
Points A, B, and Care:
D
E
С
А
B
'F
What’s the answer
Answers
Answer:
DE.......................................
The adaptations of a pelican include its long, pouch-like beak. Why is the beak of the pelican an example of an adaptation?
A.
The beak is a unique feature that is found only in pelicans.
B.
All birds have beaks, but the beaks vary among different species.
C.
The shape and structure of the beak have remained the same over many generations.
D.
The shape and structure of the beak are inherited and help the pelican survive in its environment
Answers
Answer:
D. The shape and structure of the beak are inherited and help the pelican survive in its environment
Explanation:
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The unique properties of water enable life to exist on Earth. Which of these is a property of pure water?
Group of answer choices
its solid is more dense than its liquid
it is slightly more acidic than air
it has a low heat absorption capacity
it dissolves many substances
Answers
it dissolves many substances
blood surrounding this organ would have a slightly higher ph than blood in other parts of the body
Answers
The answer is the stomach. Specific cells in the stomach wall create intrinsic factors in the stomach. Only when the pH falls within the cells' typical range of acidic pH are these cells stimulated to create intrinsic factors.
Within the walls of our gut resides 75% of our immune system. This is because the mouth and nose are the primary entry points for bacterial invaders. Our first line of defense is our stomach, which has acid and enzymes that disintegrate bacterial protein coatings and either kill them or make them susceptible to our immune responses.
Mineral complexes that are bound to proteins and other dietary ingredients are broken down by stomach acid, allowing the small intestine to absorb them. Take into account the use of antacids that tout the inclusion of calcium carbonate as a beneficial source of calcium. They supply the least absorbable (and most affordable) form of calcium, calcium carbonate, and little to no of that calcium is absorbed because of the alkaline pH they cause in the stomach becomes available to the body.
The complete question is:
Blood surrounding this organ would have a slightly higher pH than blood in other parts of the body, chief cells are found in this structure, and pepsinogen is made here which organ is this?
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What would happen in a cell if cellular respiration stopped?
A.) Glucose breakdown would stop
B.) ATP production would increase
C.) Oxygen consumption would increase
D.) Glucose breakdown would increase
Answers
Answer:
I think that glucose breakdown would stop or A.)
how are fish adapted in water? write in points
Answers
Explanation:
. there gills help them to breath oxygen in water.
. there fins help them to move in water
Briefly describe how each of the organisms listed in the table performs gas exchange with its surroundings. Organism - How it exchanges gases with its environment E. coli bacteria A ciliated protist cell A brown algae A fungal hyphal thread A bryophyte A pine tree A sponge A comb jelly A flatworm A bivalve An earthworm An insect A lobster A human
Answers
Various organisms are listed below and how they perform gas exchange with their environment. Each organism has a unique method of gas exchange, such as diffusion or specialized respiratory structures.
Organism - How it exchanges gases with its environment:
E. coli bacteria: Diffusion through the cell membraneA ciliated protist cell: Diffusion across the cell membrane and exchange through specialized structures such as gills or tracheae.A brown algae: Diffusion across the thallus and exchange through specialized structures such as air bladders or pneumatocysts.A fungal hyphal thread: Diffusion through the cell wall and exchange through specialized structures such as gills or pores.A bryophyte: Diffusion across the thallus and exchange through stomata or specialized structures such as air chambers.A pine tree: Diffusion through the needles and exchange through stomata on the leaves.A sponge: Diffusion through the body wall and exchange through specialized structures such as choanocytes or specialized cells.A comb jelly: Diffusion across the body surface and exchange through specialized structures such as combs or ciliary rows.A flatworm: Diffusion across the body surface and exchange through specialized structures such as branched guts or protonephridia.A bivalve: Diffusion across the gills and exchange through specialized structures such as siphons or mantle cavities.An earthworm: Diffusion across the body surface and exchange through specialized structures such as cutaneous respiration or simple lungs.An insect: Exchange through a system of tubes called tracheae that branch throughout the body and open to the outside through spiracles.A lobster: Exchange through gills located on the legs and specialized structures such as pleopods or swimmerets.A human: Exchange through the lungs, where air is taken in and exchanged with blood through tiny capillaries.To know more about the respiratory structures refer here :
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True/False?the volume of a monatomic ideal gas triples in an isothermal expansion.
Answers
The volume of a monatomic ideal gas triple in an isothermal expansion. This statement is false.
If n moles of an ideal monatomic gas undergo an isothermal expansion at temperature T during which the volume of that ideal gas becomes four times. The work done on the monatomic gas is nRTln4. The change in internal energy of the gas is zero. An isothermal process is a thermodynamics process in which the temperature of the system remains constant. T=0. Since the air doesn't work on expanding, it loses heat, consequently, heat must be added to the air to maintain it at constant temperature. When an ideal gas is subjected to isothermal expansion (∆T = 0) in vacuum the work done w = 0 as p×ex=0. As determined by Joule experimentally q =0, thus ∆U = 0. For isothermal reversible and irreversible changes. It can be expressed as, Isothermal reversible change: q = -w = p×ex(Vf-Vi).
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In the figures below, each WHITE CELL represents an isolated patch of habitat. Which of the following statements about the two ecosystems is TRUE?
A. Diversity will be higher in ecosystem two.
B. N will be smaller in ecosystem two.
C. Gene flow will be lower in ecosystem one.
D. Genetic drift is more likely in ecosystem one.
Answers
In the figures below, each WHITE CELL represents an isolated patch of habitat. Based on this information, the following statement about the two ecosystems is TRUE: Diversity will be higher in ecosystem two. The correct option is A.
Ecosystem two has more isolated patches of habitat (white cells), which can support a greater number of species, leading to increased biodiversity. B. N, or population size, will not necessarily be smaller in ecosystem two, as this depends on the size of the habitat patches and the species present.
C. Gene flow may actually be higher in ecosystem one if the isolated patches are closer together, allowing for easier dispersal of individuals and their genes between the habitats. D. Genetic drift could potentially be more likely in ecosystem one if the isolated patches have smaller populations, leading to increased chances of random changes in gene frequencies. The correct option is A.
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Destroys harmful substances or worn-out cell parts
Answers
It destroys harmful substances or worn-out cell parts is a cell organelle lysosome. it is present in the eukaryotic cell and helps the cell protect itself from the virus or other harmful molecules.
What is the function of the lysosomes in the cell?The lysosome that is present in the cell has maintained an acidic environment because of the active transport of hydrogen from the cytoplasm to the lysosome. Due to its acidic nature, it can degrade the harmful pathogens in the cells and also degrade worn out cells, such as old mitochondria, and in this way, the lysosome protects the cell.
Hence, lysosomes destroy harmful substances or worn-out cell parts.
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1. the process by which organisms produce new organisms of the same type ____________________
Answers
Answer:
reproduction
Explanation:
The work of such researchers as Broca, Fritsch, Hitzig, and Ferrier demonstrated localized brain function, which was somewhat similar to the predictions made by ________.
Answers
The work of Broca, Fritsch, Hitzig, and Ferrier demonstrated localized brain function, which was similar to predictions made by phrenologists. Phrenology is a pseudoscience.
Phrenology is a pseudoscience aimed at measuring bumps on the skull to predict personality traits.
Eduard Hitzig and Gustav Fritsch demonstrated that electrical stimulation of specific areas of the cerebral cortex could trigger movement.
Broca's area is an area located in the frontal part of the left brain hemisphere discovered by Paul Broca, who observed how this area has a fundamental function for the generation of speech in humans.
Finally, David Ferrier was a neurologist who discovered a series of motor fields within the cerebral cortex of monkeys.
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During which phase does the size of the cell increase?
Answers
Answer:
g 1 phase
Explanation:
hipe this helps
The size of a cell increases in the G1 phase.
This is because a large amount of protein synthesis occurs and the volume of the cytoplasm increases.
Which statement describes the work of Aristotle and Linnaeus?
Aristotle’s classification system had many levels, while Linnaeus’s classification system only had two levels.
Aristotle’s and Linnaeus’s classification systems both divided all life into two groups: plant and animal.
Linnaeus proved that many organisms, which were classified as plants by Aristotle, were animals.
Aristotle and Linnaeus worked side by side examining organisms on many trips.
Answers
The correct description is:
Aristotle’s and Linnaeus’s classification systems both divided all life into two groups: plant and animal: option B.
What was the work of Aristotle and Linnaeus centered on?Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who studied life and living things to be able to explain their behavior.
Linnaeus was a Biologist who studied and classified living things into plants and animals.
Aristotle and Linnaeus both classified living things into plants and animals.
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What factors might cause a kelp forest to disappear?
Answers
Answer: Natural Causes and Human Activities
Explanation:
The factors influencing kelp forest stability are diverse: kelp harvesting; grazing by fishes, sea urchins, and crustaceans; plant competition; storms; sedimentation; and pollution; global warming and the association with rising ocean temperatures.
Answer:
does this help ?
Explanation:
a large patch of warm water developed off the coast, creating a catalyst that has further changed this underwater environment. The persistent warmer sea temperatures stress the kelp forests to the point that growth and reproduction have slowed dramatically and caused damage to remaining fronds and tissue.
If Tom has immediately realized his error, is there anything that could have been done to save the
patient's life?
No, his red blood cells were too destroyed
Yes, a blood transfusion in isotonic solution
Yes, an Isotonic IV on the spot would have cured him
Which option is correct ^
Answers
The distilled water might have been promptly sterilized by being swapped out for a liter of saline.
What are the blood cells used for?Your body's tissues receive oxygen from red blood cells, also referred to as erythrocytes. Your tissues release carbon dioxide as oxygen is converted to energy. In order for you to exhale carbon dioxide, your red blood cells also carry it to your lungs.
What occurs when red blood cell levels are low?When you have anemia, your body doesn't produce enough strong red blood cells to supply enough oxygen to the tissues. You may experience fatigue and weakness if you have anemia, commonly known as low hemoglobin. Anemia comes in a variety of forms, each with a unique etiology.
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What role do antigens play in many autoimmune diseases?A. they are how some diseases are inherited B. they cause an immune response C. they destroy all body cells D. they destroy the immune system
Answers
Autoimmune diseases are those in which the Immune System can't differ the healthy and normal cells from the pathogens that could be causing diseases. The result is that the Immune System ends up attacking the body, instead of attacking a specific disease.
An antigen is what stimulates a immune response, activating the white blood cells (leukocytes), which will fight the disease. It can be present in bacterias, viruses and other pathogens. But, in autoimmune diseases, the Immune System attacks antigens that are present in healthy cells from the organism, causing an immune response.
So, the antigens are what triggers the immune response, they are not how the diseases are inherited (they are what triggers the response, but not how the disease is inherited), therefore a) is incorrect.
They are not responsible for destroying the body cells, they trigger this reaction but leukocytes are responsile for destroying the cells that are identified as a threat, So c) is also wrong.
They do not destroy the immune system as well. Some diseases may weaken the |mmune System enough so it barely works, leaving the body unprotected, but even on this cases the antigen is always the thing that triggers the immune response, not the response itself, so d) is also incorrect.
As the role of the antigens is to stimulate the immune response, the correct answer is b) they cause an immune response.
Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells Receive nerve impulses Protect neurons Nourish neurons Calcium storage
Answers
roles of glial cells and neurons
taking in nerve impulsesDefend neuronsfeed the neuronsNeurons, which are specialized cells with the ability to receive and transmit electrical or chemical impulses, make up the nervous system. Glia, which are cells with complementary information processing roles to neurons, serve as support cells for the neurons.
Without the crucial functions performed by these glial cells, neurons would not be able to operate. In addition to providing myelin sheaths surrounding axons and buffering ions and chemicals that may otherwise injure neurons, glia also direct growing neurons to their destinations.
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Question:-
Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells
Receive nerve impulses Protect neurons Nourish neurons Calcium storageGive two examples of pioneers species in sand dunes:
Answers
Two examples of pioneer species in sand dunes are marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) and sea rockets (Cakile edentula).
Marram grass is a tall, tufted grass that is well adapted to the harsh conditions of sand dunes. Its long, tough roots help to stabilize the sand and prevent erosion, while its leaves have a waxy coating that helps to reduce water loss. Sea rocket is a low-growing plant that is also adapted to sandy environments. Its fleshy leaves help it to retain water, while its deep taproot allows it to reach water sources deep in the sand. Sea rocket is also able to tolerate high levels of salt, making it well-suited for coastal sand dunes. Both of these plants are considered pioneer species because they are among the first to colonize sand dunes and help to establish the ecosystem for other species to follow.
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what are two cycles that could not exist without plants
Answers
Answer:
Not possible. Life on Earth depends on plants
Explanation:
Which concept is part of the modern evolutionary theory, but not Darwin’s original theory?
Answers
Scientific knowledge is always changing. At one time, the kingdom was the
highest level of
classification. Today, the highest level of classification is the domain. Two of
the domains, Bacteria and Archaea both contain microscopic prokaryotic
organisms. What would be the best reason for scientists to separate the
prokaryotes?
A)There were too many species of prokaryotes to only have 1 domain for them.
B)It was determined that neither have chloroplasts.
C)Both organisms do not contain organelles.
D)Research showed differences in living environments.
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:whater
Research showed differences in living environments is the best reason for scientists to separate the prokaryotes. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What are prokaryotes?The organisms known as prokaryotes lack a nucleus and other organelles in their cells. There are two distinct groups of prokaryotes: the archaea and bacteria, both of which are thought to have evolved along distinct evolutionary lines.
Prokaryotic organisms or prokaryotes are organisms that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles. Mycoplasma, cyanobacteria, and bacteria are all examples of prokaryotes.
A prokaryotic cell carries out every one of the fundamental roles that an ordinary cell performs. Reproduction, respiration, digestion, and other biological processes are among their capabilities.
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6. Energy is stored in the form of food.
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Both
Answers
Answer:
Respiration
Explanation:
Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from food through the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration may either involve the chemical reaction of food molecules with molecular oxygen (aerobic respiration) or the process of reorganizing the food molecules without additional oxygen (anaerobic respiration).
what is the scientific definition for sophisticated
Answers
Answer:
deprived of native or original simplicity and
Honeybees provide one of the most important ecosystem services: pollination - and they do this for free! We are experiencing huge losses in pollinator populations throughout the United States and the
Answers
Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) is a phenomenon characterized by the sudden disappearance of worker bees from beehives, leaving the queen and a few immature bees behind.
The causes of the collapseThe causes of CCD are not fully understood, but prevailing hypotheses include pesticide exposure, parasites and diseases, poor nutrition, and various stress factors. These factors likely interact and contribute to the decline of honeybee populations.
Understanding CCD is crucial for implementing effective strategies to mitigate its impact, including promoting sustainable agricultural practices, reducing pesticide use, improving beekeeping management, and enhancing habitat and forage availability.
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Honeybees provide one of the most important ecosystem services: pollination - and they do this for free! We are experiencing huge losses in pollinator populations throughout the United States and the rest of the world. The decline is so great that many farmers now must import European honeybees to pollinate crops. In 2006, an emerging issue called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) caused massive declines in beehives. These declines are still a problem today. Respond to the following prompts in your initial post this week: 1. What is Colony Collapse Disorder and what are the prevailing hypotheses for what causes CCD?
How are bacteria cells DIFFERENT from plants/animal cells?
How are bacteria cells SIMILAR from plants/animal cells?
Answers
Answer:
Difference:Bacteria cells are very different from animal, plant or fungal cells. They don't have organelles such as nuclei, mitochondria or chloroplasts. Although they do have ribosomes and a cell wall, these are both different in structure to the ribosomes and cell walls in the cells above.
Similar:Plant cells and bacteria alike have cell walls, strong flexible layers surrounding their cell membranes that help to counteract osmotic pressure so the cell does not burst as water diffuses into it.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Plant and animal cells are different in that plant cells have chloroplasts and rigid cell walls, while animal cells do not.
Explanation: Sample Response :)
Many segments are blank wholesome are blank such as a segment for digestion and a segment for reproduction
Answers
Many Body segments are very wholesome are essential such as a segment for digestion and a segment for reproduction.
What is the bodily systems about?In the above case, it would be more accurate to say that many bodily systems are essential for our overall health and well-being, and they each play important roles in maintaining our bodily functions. For example, the digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, while the reproductive system is responsible for producing and delivering offspring.
Therefore, It is important to note that while some bodily functions or segments may be considered more "wholesome" than others, each system is necessary and contributes to the overall functioning of the body. So, rather than categorizing them as wholesome or not, it's more useful to think of them as essential components of a complex and interconnected system.
P.S. Question seems incomplete and general definition is given.
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immediately after a meal, the concentration of glucose in liver cells is approximately 12 mm. what is the velocity of hexokinase as a percentage of vmax under these conditions?
Answers
The velocity of hexokinase as a percentage of Vmax under these conditions is 99.3% of its maximum rate.
To calculate the percentage of hexokinase as a percentage of Vmax, we need to know the substrate concentration (glucose) and the kinetic parameters of the enzyme. In this case, we are given a postprandial concentration of glucose in the hepatocytes, approximately 12 mm
The hexokinase rate can be calculated using the following equation:
V0 = (Vmax [S]) / (Km + [S])
Using this assumption and integrating the values we have, we can calculate the rate of the hexokinase:
V = (Vmax x 12 mM) / (0.1 mM + 12 mM)
V = 0.923 Vmax
Speed in percent Vmax = (0.923Vmax / Vmax) x 100D44 Speed in percent Vmax = 99.3D
Thus, under these conditions, the hexokinase ratio was approximately 99.3% of its maximum rate.
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Complete question
The first enzyme in a cell that uses glucose as a substrate is hexokinase, with a Km for glucose of about 10 mm's
Immediately after a meal, the concentration of glucose in liver cells is approximately 12 mM. What is the velocity of hexokinase as a percentage of Vmax under these conditions?
organisms grow, release or store energy, and produce and eliminate waste as a result of: group of answer choices hydrolysis. anabolism. catabolism. metabolism.