determine if the following reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction or reverse direction at 25.0 °c by determining the free energy value.
Answers
It is important to note that a reaction may still be spontaneous in the reverse direction even if it is non-spontaneous in the forward direction. The spontaneity of the reaction depends on the sign of ΔG.
Use the equation ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q) to calculate the actual free energy change (ΔG) at the given temperature, where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin (25°C = 298 K).Finally, determine the sign of ΔG. If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.
Remember that the sign of ΔG determines the spontaneity of the reaction, and it is essential to consider the direction of the reaction (forward or reverse) when interpreting the result.
To know more about that spontaneous visit:
https://brainly.com/question/5372689
#SPJ11
Related Questions
The objective of systems analysis is: O a. To understand the problem O b. To design the solution O c. To build the solution O d. To figure out the solution
Answers
Systems analysis is a methodical investigation that helps identify the problem, consider the solution, and then take necessary measures to solve the problem. Systems analysis is a detailed study of how a system operates and functions, including the people, processes, and technologies involved in that system.
There are different objectives of systems analysis, which can be classified into two categories: functional objectives and performance objectives. The functional objectives of systems analysis are concerned with identifying the requirements of the system, defining the problem, and proposing a solution.
To identify the problem, the analyst must first have a thorough understanding of the problem's scope. The analyst should identify the problem's source, which is often the system's failure to meet the requirements. Once the problem has been identified, the analyst can then begin to consider solutions. The objective of systems analysis is to design a solution that meets the system's requirements and solves the problem.
To know more about investigation visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29365121
#SPJ11
calculate molarity, molality and mole fraction of 28 percent aqueous solution of a solute with molar mass 11.5 g per mole and density is 1.25 g per mole
Answers
Explanation:
Aight, I'mma give tell ya an easy way for this question. look at this Forumla
M=
\( \frac{10ad}{m} \)
a explains the percentage of aqueous solution
d is the density
m is the molar mass
right, let's just hop to it
M=10×28×1.25/11.5====> M=30.43
hydroboration of terminal alkynes yieldgroup of answer choicesa. methyl ketoneb.ketonec.aldehyded.carboxylic acid
Answers
Hydroboration of terminal alkynes yields aldehydes.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Terminal alkynes are reacted with a borane reagent (such as BH₃) in a process called hydroboration.
2. During hydroboration, the borane adds across the triple bond of the terminal alkyne in a syn addition, resulting in the formation of an organoborane intermediate.
3. The organoborane intermediate is then oxidized with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and a hydroxide ion (OH⁻) in a process called oxidation.
4. This oxidation step converts the organoborane intermediate into an aldehyde functional group.
So, the correct answer is (c) aldehyde.
Learn more about hydroboration at https://brainly.com/question/11655454
#SPJ11
The hydroboration of terminal alkynes yields an aldehyde. During the hydroboration process
boron and hydrogen are added across the carbon-carbon triple bond of the alkyne, which yields an unstable intermediate. This intermediate quickly reacts with water to form an aldehyde.
It is important to note that the product of the hydroboration of an alkyne can be influenced by the reaction conditions and the substituents present on the alkyne. However, for a terminal alkyne, the product is typically an aldehyde.
Learn more about hydroboration here:
https://brainly.com/question/31324581
#SPJ11
A block of metal has a volume of 13.4 in^3 and weighs 5.36 lb.
What is its density in grams per cubic centimeter?
Express the density in grams per cubic centimeter to three significant figures.
Answers
Answer:
2.5
Explanation:
13.4 by 5.36
Mass by volume
Answer:
11.1 grams per cubic cm
Explanation:
Volume = 13.4 in^3 = 219.587 cm^3
Mass = 5.36 lb = 2431.255 gram
\(density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\ = \frac{2431.255}{219.587} \\ = 11.0719441 \\ \approx \: 11.1 \: grams \: per \: {cm}^{3} \)
C - chemical change
P- physical change
(Pls help me)
Answers
Answer:
Burning wood is a chemical change. Burning wood is an example of a chemical reaction in which wood in the presence of heat and oxygen is transformed into carbon dioxide, water vapour, and ash.
Baking an apple pie is a physical change because the apples in the pie start changing physically and the pie crust starts hardening and rising up.
Explanation:
HELP!! URGENT!! WILL GIVE BRAINIEST
Answers
Answer:
11. Mn (CH 3 CO 2) 2. (H 2 O) n where n = 0, 2, 4.
12. Au2O
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Which liquid is the most viscous?
Answers
Answer:
One of the most viscous liquids known is pitch, also known as bitumen, asphalt, or tar.
Explanation:
This is the answer
What coefficient is needed to balance the reaction
CaCl2 + H₂CO3 → CaCO3 + HCI?
OA. 2CaCO3
OB. 2H₂CO3
OC. 2CaCl₂
OD. 2HCI
Answers
Answer:
OD. 2HCl
Explanation:
A balanced equation needs the equal # of each element on BOTH sides.
By putting a 2 in front of HCl you now have 2 hydrogens on both sides and 2 chlorines. The Ca and CO3 are already balanced.
Why was Niels Bohr atomic model superior to all the earlier models
Answers
Answer:
because it showed how the electron could orbit the nucleus without falling into it.
why must the glass stopper of a reagent bottle never be placed directly on the laboratory bench
Answers
The glass stopper of a reagent bottle should never be placed directly on the laboratory bench for the following reasons. First, the stopper may become contaminated which could possibly contaminate the contents inside the reagent bottle. And this can potentially affect the chemical composition of the reagents and caused errors in any of the experimental results. Second, if the stopper is placed on the bench, the possibility that it might be scratched or damaged is feasible which eventually causes leaks and damage to the reagent bottle. Lastly, it might accidentally be knocked onto the floor potentially causing damage to the stopper and hazards inside the laboratory. Therefore, in order to ensure safety and accuracy during reagent preparation, it is important to always keep the stopper clean and free from contamination by avoiding placing it directly on the laboratory bench. #SPJ11
a chemical change produces different materials than the ones we started with? true or false
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
A chemical change will produce new substances that are different from its original substance.
Versus a physical change that changes shape/form physically like water freezing into ice.
The electrons in the outermost shell are called valence electrons. How many valence electrons does the
above atom have?
Answers
Answer:7
Explanation:All halogens have 7 valence electrons. Valence electrons are the total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom (i.e. Seven valence electrons. There are thus 7 valence electrons for Fluorine, 2 in the 2s orbital, and 5 in the 2p orbitals.
What are all of the ways can use the atomic number to find information about an atom?
Answers
Answer:
The symbol for an atom can be written to show its mass number at the top, and its atomic number at the bottom. To calculate the numbers of subatomic particles in an atom, use its atomic number and mass number: number of protons = atomic number. number of electrons = atomic number.
Which industry would most likely be affected if coal recourses were depleted.
1.Power production
2.Transportation
3.construction
Answers
Which 10-milliliter sample of water has the greatest degree of disorder?A)H2O(g) at 120°CB)H2O() at 80°CC)H2O() at 20°CD)H2O(s) at 0°C
Answers
Answer:
A) H₂O at 120°C
Explanation:
It is possible to think the higher temperature, the greatest degree of disorder. That is because with a high temperature, vibrations of molecules increases.
In general, at low temperatures, the molecules are in solid state (The lowest degree of disorder), increasing its temperature, molecules becomes in liquids, and, with more temperature, are gases (The greatest degree of disorder).
Thus, the sample that has the greatest degree of disorder is:
A) H₂O at 120°CAnswer:
A) H2O(g) at 120c
Explanation:
Castle learning
An atom that has lost one or more electrons is a(n) _____.
Not Cation
Answers
Answer:
ion
Explanation:
that is the definition according to g o o g l e:
"an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons."
Answer:
An ION
Explanation:
Because a positive ion is called a CATION and a negative ion is called an ANION (Please brainlist me)
a 25.00-ml sample of 0.175 m hcl is being titrated with 0.250 m naoh. what is the ph after 17.50 ml of naoh has been added?
Answers
The pH after 17.50 mL of NaOH has been added is 1.95. This is determined as follows:Step-by-step explanation:A chemical reaction is balanced chemical equation that shows what happens in a chemical reaction; in this case, the reaction between HCl and NaOH can be represented as: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) -> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)In this reaction, the acid HCl reacts with the base NaOH to form the salt NaCl and water H2O.
Now, since we have an acid reacting with a base, the process is called neutralization. Neutralization reactions result in the formation of salt and water. The volume of the two substances being mixed determines the pH of the solution at each point in time. In order to determine the pH of the solution, we need to determine the limiting reagent in the reaction. Limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction; this means that once the limiting reactant is used up, the reaction stops, and no more products can be formed.
The other reactant is in excess, and there is some left over after the reaction has stopped. Now, the balanced chemical equation above shows that 1 mol of HCl reacts with 1 mol of NaOH. This means that 0.02500 L of 0.175 M HCl reacts with x L of 0.250 M NaOH. Using the equation; M1V1 = M2V2...0.02500 L x 0.175 M = x L x 0.250 Mx = 0.0175 L = 17.5 mL of NaOH... which means that 17.5 mL of NaOH is required to completely react with 25 mL of HCl. Therefore, when 17.50 mL of NaOH is added, the acid is completely neutralized; hence, the pH of the solution is determined by the excess NaOH. To determine the pH, we use the formula: pOH = -log(OH-)... where pH + pOH = 14pH = 14 - pOH For NaOH with a concentration of 0.250 M, and a volume of 17.5 mL, we have: n = cV = 0.250 M x (17.5 mL/1000 mL/L) = 0.004375 moles OH- = n/V = 0.004375 moles / 0.0425 L = 0.1029 MOH-pOH = -log(OH-) = -log(0.1029) = 0.99pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 0.99 = 13.01 = 1.95 (to two significant figures)Therefore, the pH after 17.50 mL of NaOH has been added is 1.95.
Learn more about Titration of HCL with NaOH at: https://brainly.com/question/23971488
#SPJ11
What was Rutherford's model of the atom missing?
Answers
Answer:
The Rutherford atomic model stated that an atom is mostly an empty space that consist of nucleus and electrons, where nucleus is positively charged and electrons are negatively charged.
But Rutherford atomic model missed to add the quantum mechanics or energy level for electrons. Rutherford was unable to make understand the planetary movement of electrons around nucleus and later Bohr's model explained it.
Hence, Rutherford's model of the atom missed to explain the planetary movement of electrons around nucleus.
lag time is measured as the difference between the time at which half the precipitation has occurred and that at which:
Answers
This is referred to as discharge and is expressed in metres cubed per second (Cumecs).
What is lag time measured in?The width, gradient, and bed type of the river channel (rock, concrete, gravel, cobbles, and/or boulders) are all known quantities at any given point. The volume of water can be calculated using these parameters if the river depth is known. This is referred to as discharge, and the units are metres cubed per second. This volume fluctuates over the course of the storm because it takes time for the water to travel from the catchment where it falls to the main river channel. Lag time or basin lag is the term for this.The hydrograph shown above is a plot of discharge versus time with rainfall indicated on the vertical axis. The bank complete discharge can be seen as a horizontal red line. In other words, the nearby areas will be flooded by the river if the flood peak breaks above this level. The curve will flatten or squash below the red line as the amount of time it takes for the water to reach this location rises, keeping the river within banks.To learn more About discharge refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/8282980
#SPJ4
which of the following is true about the stereochemistry of s n 1 reaction? a) retention of configuration at the electrophilic center b) inversion of configuration at the electrophilic center c) 50:50 mixture of retention and inversion of configuration at the electrophilic center d) slightly more inversion than retention at the electrophilic center e) slightly more retention than inversion at the electrophilic center
Answers
True statement is option(C) 50:50 mixture of retention and inversion of configuration at the electrophilic center.
SN1 reaction is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry where "SN" stands for "nucleophilic substitution"
And the "1" says that the rate-determining step is unimolecular. which means, Rate of reactions depends upon the concentration of single reactant.
SN1 reaction occurs in two steps.
in first step, formation of cation takes place.
In second step, attack of nucleophile occurs, that may attack from either side of the trigonal planar carbocation.
which means 50:50 mixture of retention and inversion of configuration at the electrophilic center, will be formed.
So, statement (c) is correct.
To know more about SN1 reaction:
brainly.com/question/17321747
#SPJ4
14. The following are a list of the four parts of John Dalton's atomic theory Indicate which of
the parts have been modified and why.
1. All matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms
2. All atoms of an element are identical and all atoms of different atoms are different
3. Atoms of one element cannot be turned into atoms of another element.
4. All atoms combine with one another in fixed whole number ratios.
Answers
Answer:
1
all matter is made of tiny particles called atom
because flammable and combustible liquids are class b materials,: select one: a. they will typically sink in water. b. foam concentrates are ineffective extinguishing agents. c. their vapors are non-toxic. d. water is an ineffective extinguishing agent. clear my choice
Answers
Water is an ineffective extinguishing agent for flammable and combustible liquids. Option d is correct answer.
Flammable and combustible liquids are classified as Class B materials because they have a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C) and are likely to ignite and burn when exposed to an ignition source. Therefore, water is an ineffective extinguishing agent for these liquids because they can float on water and may spread the fire.
In fact, using water can make the situation worse by causing the liquid to spread and increasing the risk of fire. Instead, foam concentrates are effective extinguishing agents for Class B fires, as they can form a blanket over the liquid surface and prevent the release of flammable vapors, thereby extinguishing the fire. It is also important to note that the vapors from these liquids can be toxic and pose a health hazard if inhaled, so proper ventilation is necessary when working with these materials. Hence, option b is correct.
To know more about combustible liquids, here
brainly.com/question/28222891
#SPJ4
Draw the structural formulas of the following compounds and indicate the number of NMR signals that would be expected for each compound.
a methyl iodide
b 2,4-dimethylpentane
c cyclopentane
d propylene (propene)
Answers
The structural formulas of the following compounds areCH3-I, CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3, cyclo-C5H10, H2C=CH-CH3.
a) Methyl iodide (CH3I) has a structural formula of CH3-I. Since it only contains one type of atom, there will only be one NMR signal expected.
b) 2,4-dimethylpentane (C7H16) has a structural formula of CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3. There are four different types of hydrogen atoms in this compound, which means four NMR signals would be expected.
c) Cyclopentane (C5H10) has a structural formula of cyclo-C5H10. It contains only one type of hydrogen atom, so only one NMR signal would be expected.
d) Propylene (propene) (C3H6) has a structural formula of H2C=CH-CH3. There are two different types of hydrogen atoms in this compound, which means two NMR signals would be expected.
In summary, the number of NMR signals expected for a compound depends on the number of different types of hydrogen atoms present in the compound. Compounds with only one type of hydrogen atom will only have one NMR signal, while compounds with multiple types of hydrogen atoms will have multiple NMR signals.
To know more about Structural visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29154542
#SPJ11
the law of conversation of mass states that the mass of the reactant is ___ the mass of products
Answers
Answer: equal to
Explanation:
What do you think the study of chemistry might be about?
Answers
Answer:
Think about it. Chemistry is the study of matter.
Explanation:
Anything that has mass and takes up space, and the changes that matter will have when it is in different environments or conditions. Chemistry is used everyday with the development of plastics, wood burning, prescriptions, cosmetics, etc. Everything you touch is made of an element. there's 5 branches of chemistry including Biochemistry, organic chemistry and physical chemistry. -(you find the others).
Chemistry studies our surroundings on a molecular level through atoms and molecules with chemical reactions and understanding the specific properties. There are patterns on the periodic table you should check out.
good luck and have fun!
Answer:
chemistry is the study of structure of substance and what happens to them in different conditions
icolaou, k. c.;montagnon, t.; baran, p. s.; zhong, y.-l. iodine (v) reagents inorganic synthesis. part 4. o-iodoxybenxoic acid as a chemospecifictool for single electron transfer-based oxidation processes.j. am.chem. soc.2002,124, 2245.
Answers
Oxygen is a good oxidant because it has the highest electronegativity, which is 3.44.
What is an oxidant ?A reactant that oxidizes or eliminates electrons from other reactants in a redox reaction is referred to as an oxidant. An oxidizer, oxidizing agent, or oxidant are several terms for the same thing. An oxygenation reagent or oxygen-atom transfer (OT) agent is a term that may be used to describe an oxidant that contains oxygen.
The loss of electrons in oxidation (OIL RIG). A material that oxidizes therefore steals electrons from the other substance. As a result, an oxidizing agent needs to pick up electrons.
Flourine is the most effective oxidizer. The highest positive electrode potential value is present in it. Halogens function as a potent oxidizing agent because of their high electronegativity and electron affinity.
To learn more about oxidant from the given link:
brainly.com/question/9496279
#SPJ4
Polarities of analyte functional group increase in the order of hydrocarbon ethers < esters
Answers
The correct order of the increasing polarity of the analyte functional group isEthers < Esters.
The given statement is "Polarities of analyte functional group increase in the order of hydrocarbon ethers < esters." The order of polarities of functional groups is the order of their increasing polarity (i.e., less polar to more polar) based on their electron-donating or withdrawing ability from the rest of the molecule.Polarity of analyte: The analyte's polarity is directly proportional to the dipole moment of the functional group, which is associated with a difference in electronegativity between the atoms that make up the functional group.The electronegativity of an element is its ability to attract electrons towards itself. The greater the difference in electronegativity between two atoms, the more polar their bond, and hence the greater the polarity of the molecule.
To find the correct order of the increasing polarity of the analyte functional group, let's first compare the two groups: hydrocarbon ethers and esters. Here, esters have a carbonyl group while ethers have an oxygen atom with two alkyl or aryl groups. The carbonyl group has more electronegative oxygen, which pulls electrons away from the carbon atom, resulting in a polar molecule. On the other hand, ethers have a less polar oxygen atom with two alkyl or aryl groups, making them less polar than esters. Therefore, the correct order of the increasing polarity of the analyte functional group isEthers < Esters.
To know more about polarity visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/33242453
#SPJ11
Coal is a very useful rock that formed over millions of years from the remains of plants. Is coal a mineral
Answers
No, coal is not a mineral. Coal is an organic sedimentary rock formed by the decay and compaction of plant material over millions of years. It is mostly composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
Minerals, on the other hand, are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a specific chemical composition and crystalline structure.Coal doesn't meet the criteria to be considered a mineral. While it is composed of various elements, it is not crystalline and doesn't have a specific chemical composition. Therefore, coal cannot be classified as a mineral.
Coal is formed from the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. The plant material accumulates in swamps and marshes, and is buried under sediment and rock. Over time, heat and pressure cause the plant material to undergo physical and chemical changes, leading to the formation of coal. The process of coal formation is called coalification, and it takes millions of years. The type of coal that is formed depends on the temperature and pressure conditions that were present during the coalification process.
learn more about coalification process
https://brainly.com/question/12742320
#SPJ11
Suppoe that you ue 4. 25 g of Iron in the chemical reaction: 2Fe() 3Cu2(aq) rightward arrow 2Fe3(aq) 3Cu(). What i the theoretical yield of Cu(), in gram?
Answers
Theoretical yield of copper is 7.22 g when 4.25g of iron in the chemical reaction.
2Fe(s) + 3Cu2(aq.) ----> 2Fe3(aq.) + 3Cu (s)
Molar mass of Iron (Fe) is 56g/mole.
Molar mass of copper (cu) is 63.5g/mole.
2 mole ( 2 * 56g/mole) Iron produces = 3 mole ( 3 * 63.5g/mole ) copper
Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that could be formed from the given amounts of reactants. The actual yield is the amount of product that is actually formed when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that would be formed from a reaction if it was 100% efficient.
There are 4. 25 g of Iron .so,
4.25 g Iron produces = (3 * 63.5g / 2 * 56 g ) * 4.25 g copper
= 7.22 g copper
Theoretical yield of copper is 7.22g.
To learn more about Theoretical yield please visit:
https://brainly.com/question/2765357
#SPJ4
What can you use to filter out dish soap from water
Answers
Answer:
One way to remove soap from water is to have it react with other substances. When the reactions occur, a solid called a precipitate is sometimes formed. A precipitate can be filtered out of the water.
Explanation:
1 cup sugar; Final soap suds height; 9.1 cm
2 cup Table Salt; Final soap suds height; 1.2 cm
3 cup Epsom salt; Final soap suds height; 0.2 cm