Does prokaryotic cell have membrane bound cell organelles?

In genetics, a mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence of a gene. A mutation that changes a GC base pair to AT is a transversion.

Mutations can occur in various ways, including substitutions, insertions, deletions, and inversions. One type of mutation is a base substitution, which involves the replacement of one nucleotide base with another.

When a mutation changes a GC base pair to AT, it is classified as a transversion. Transversions are a specific type of base substitution mutation where a purine (adenine or guanine) is replaced by a pyrimidine (thymine or cytosine) or vice versa. In this case, the GC base pair (guanine-cytosine) is changed to an AT base pair (adenine-thymine), representing a transversion mutation.

It is important to note that transversions are distinct from transitions, which involve the substitution of a purine for another purine or a pyrimidine for another pyrimidine. In this scenario, since the substitution involves different types of bases (a purine to a pyrimidine), it is categorized as a transversion rather than a transition.

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IgG or IgM  antibodies are most likely the cause of the agglutination reactions.

In general, Agglutination  reaction occurs when an insoluble or particle antigen come in contact with an antibody. Thus , a  positive reaction occurs  and can be seen macroscopically in a short time. antigen-antibody complex may be seen with our eye if the complex size is large. Both IgG or IgM could be involved in the agglutination reaction.

Their  are two types of  agglutination active agglutination or the passive agglutination. In case of  active agglutination, the antigen occurs naturally on particle. on the other hand on passive agglutination, the antigen is bound to an inert particle to detect an antibody.

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The closure of a plant's stomata will retain water when the plant becomes dehydrated and wilts.

Two guard cells surround each stoma, a small pore or hole, and they expand and contract to close and open the stoma. The carbon dioxide content and the plant's water balance act as two controls on the opening and shutting of the stomata.

Guard cells inflate and bend as a result of water entering them through osmotic movement. The holes are opened by the guard cells expanding. Through open stomata, the plant absorbs carbon dioxide for use in photosynthesis. Through open stomata, oxygen and water vapor are also expelled back into the atmosphere.

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The organelle here is lysosome as it collects the trash of the cell. The correct option is B.

A lysosome is a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and is membrane-bound.

Lysosomes are involved in a variety of cellular processes. They degrade extraneous or worn-out cell parts. They could be used to eliminate invading viruses and bacteria.

Lysosomes serve as the cell's digestive system, degrading material taken in from outside the cell as well as digesting obsolete components of the cell itself.

The lysosome's interior is acidic and contains numerous enzymes that break down molecules.

It is known as the cell's recycling center, but this does not imply that it only plays a passive role in the cell.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:

Answer:

d.  Reading, underlining, eliminating

Explanation:

edge 2020

100% or all the males will express mutant allele.

Human X and Y chromosomes, with XX indicating female and XY indicating male, establish a person's biological sex. The Y chromosome is substantially shorter and has a lot less number of genes than the X chromosome, but they do share a minor region of similarity that allows them to mate during meiosis.

What is X-linked ineheritance:

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Answer:

A - Jupiter

B - Neptune

C - Saturn

D - Uranus

hope that hepled :DD

The existence of varying states of awareness benefits animals by facilitating reproduction and energy conservation, option (b) is correct.

Varying states of awareness, such as sleep and wakefulness, play crucial roles in the survival and reproductive success of animals. Reproduction is a fundamental biological process, and the regulation of awareness states allows animals to allocate their energy resources efficiently. During periods of wakefulness, animals can engage in activities such as foraging, mating, and defending territories, which are essential for successful reproduction.

Sleep and restful states conserve energy by reducing metabolic demands. Additionally, sleep is involved in various physiological processes, including hormone regulation and memory consolidation, which further support reproductive success. Therefore, the presence of different awareness states ensures animals can balance reproductive efforts with energy conservation, maximizing their overall fitness, option (b) is correct.

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Answer:

Top left square SS  Top right square ss  bottom left square Ss  bottom right square Ss

hope it helps

ORF stands for "Open Reading Frame." An open reading frame is a segment of DNA that does not contain any stop codons and can potentially be translated into a protein molecule. A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that encodes a specific amino acid.

For protein synthesis to occur, a start codon must first be encountered in the sequence, followed by a string of codons that will encode the amino acids that will form the protein chain. In terms of genome annotation, open reading frames can be useful because they can be used to identify potential protein-coding genes within the genome.  Explain in 120 words how to identify the total number of ORFs using the partial sequence of chimpanzee DNA.

Identifying the total number of open reading frames (ORFs) in the partial sequence of chimpanzee DNA can be a challenging process. The first step is to examine the sequence for start codons (typically AUG in eukaryotes). A start codon signifies the beginning of a potential open reading frame. Once a start codon is located, the sequence is scanned for the next stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA).

If a stop codon is found, the segment of DNA between the start and stop codons is considered to be an open reading frame. However, this process is not always straightforward. For example, some sequences may contain multiple start codons, which can lead to overlapping open reading frames. Additionally, some stop codons may be ignored if they are located within a longer sequence of codons that ultimately leads to the translation of a functional protein. Therefore, identifying the total number of open reading frames requires careful inspection and annotation of the sequence.

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Answer:

The answer is C. Vascular

Explanation:

You would expect the vascular to have a primary role in transport. The vascular system contains xylem and phloem that move water and nutrients throughout the plant.

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Given that the map distance between W and G is equivalent to 15 centimorgans, we may infer from the list of chromosomes and the aforementioned question that we should anticipate 15% recombination between W and G gene. It's option (B).

A centimorgan (cM), which is a unit that describes a recombination frequency of 1%, is used to measure map distance. And based on this criterion, we can infer that the lowest frequency of recombination, or 3%, is expected to occur between W and E. Let's assume that P is the epistatic gene that controls the formation of the tail.

According to the question, the genotype of the female is ppTT and the genotype of the male is PPtt because the male lacks a tail and is recessive homozygous for the tail length gene. The female is long-tailed and the dominant epistatic allele P specifies that no tail is formed. The offspring that is produced after mating has the genotype PpTt and the phenotype "no tails." Currently, two springs with the identical PpTt genotype are being crossed. Therefore, punnette square can be used to calculate the consequent ratio.

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Correct Question:

The following is a map of four genes on a chromosome. A---5--W--3--E------12------G. Between which two genes would you expect the highest frequency of recombination?

a. A and G

b. W and G

c. W and E

d. A and W

e. E and G

Buckyballs, also known as fullerenes or buckminsterfullerenes, are a unique form of carbon structure that is made up of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a spherical shape.

This structure makes buckyballs an especially good candidate for creating new materials because of their unique properties.

Large surface area: Buckyballs have an extremely high surface area compared to their size due to their spherical shape. They are thus good choices for applications like catalysis or drug delivery where surface area is crucial.

Versatility: Buckyballs can be functionalized in a variety of ways, which can change their characteristics and functionality. This is possible due to the peculiar structure of buckyballs.

High stability: Buckyballs are perfect for use in hostile settings or in applications where stability is crucial because of their high stability.

Electrical and optical characteristics: Because of their distinct carbon structure, buckyballs have unusual electrical and optical characteristics.

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Answer:

4700 Degrees Celsius

Explanation:

The correct answer is the S1 protein.

The S1 protein is responsible for virion binding to cells, as it plays a key role in cell attachment and determining the host range of the reovirus.

The S1 protein is a crucial component of the reovirus that plays a vital role in determining its host range and ability to infect cells. This protein is located on the outer surface of the virus particle and is responsible for the initial attachment of the virion to the host cell surface.

The S1 protein contains several domains that are involved in the recognition and binding of specific receptors on the surface of target cells. These domains are highly variable among different strains of reovirus, which accounts for their different host ranges and tissue tropisms.

During the infection process, the S1 protein binds to specific cellular receptors, which triggers the entry of the virus into the cell. Once inside the cell, the reovirus undergoes a series of steps that lead to its replication and the production of new virions.

The importance of the S1 protein in the reovirus life cycle makes it a potential target for antiviral drugs and vaccines. Understanding the structure and function of this protein could lead to the development of new therapies for viral infections.

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Answer:

I think its c or d

Explanation:

Answer:

- Not enough evidence

 Sometimes there isn't enough evidence in a case to state fully what happened which can result into false accusation. It can also make the jury become confused and struggle to find whos the right murder due to the lack of evidence.  

- misinterpreted evidence

If a forensic scientist looks at a piece of evidence with the wrong theory they might try to prove their theory by trying to get proof out of it which can cuse a domino effect to where the wrong person can be accused of the wrong thing.

- false evidence

The evidence may be planted and the forensic science can look at it the wrong way similar to misinterpreted evidence. usually forensic scientist can see that it has been planted but when they figure that it has then its even harder to look for the real evidence. and it would take a longer process. And if they present the false evidence in court it may take a bad turn.

Explanation:

hope that helps >w<

When we say that humans live in an artificial  terrain, we mean that  important of the  terrain around us is the result of  mortal intervention and manipulation.

Unlike other organisms that live in natural  surroundings, humans have altered their surroundings in  innumerous ways to meet their  requirements and  solicitations. This includes  erecting  metropolises, developing transportation systems, modifying the  geography for  husbandry, and creating technology to enhance and control our surroundings. While these  conduct have allowed humans to thrive in  numerous ways, they've also had significant impacts on the natural world,  similar as  niche destruction, pollution, and climate change.

it's important to note that the distinction between" natural" and" artificial"  surroundings isn't always clear- cut. In  numerous cases,  mortal interventions have come so integrated into the  terrain that they appear to be natural,  similar as the use of irrigation systems for  husbandry, or the domestication of certain  creatures for  fellowship and labor.

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The question in english langauge is as follows:

What do you think it means when we say that humans live in an artificial environment and not in a natural environment like other organisms?

During the summer along the coast, a sea breeze is usually strongest and best developed in the afternoon. This is because the land heats up more quickly than the sea, causing warm air to rise and cooler air from the sea to rush in and replace it.

The temperature difference between the land and sea is typically greatest in the afternoon, making the sea breeze most pronounced during this time.

The sea breeze circulation is composed of two opposing flows, one at the surface (called the sea breeze) and one aloft (a return flow). These two flows are a result of the difference in air density between the land and sea caused by the sun's heating. The sun warms both the ground and the ocean at the same rate.

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Answer:

The answer is Kingdom

Explanation:

Answer:

The heart consists of four chambers organized into two pumps (right and left) for the purpose of providing blood flow to the systemic and pulmonary circulations. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the entire body except for the lungs via the superior and inferior vena cavae!

The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.

The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.

The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body.

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Root vegetables grow underground(below the ground) are considered as roots.

They are generally storage organs, enlarged to store energy in the form of carbohydrates. Root vegetables comes in all shapes, colours, and sizes. Root vegetables are easy to grow and in the case of an abundant fall harvest, reap plentiful rewards.

Some of the examples of root vegetables are:Bulbs which include fennel and onions, corms which includes water chestnut, rhizomes which include beets and carrots , tuberous roots include sweet potato and yucca, tubers includes potatoes .

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The predicted mRNA Expression (RNAseq) value for HeLa cell line based on the given Affy value of 8.2 is approximately 7.60.

Here in this question,
RNAseq = 0.935 * Affy - 0.12

Substituting the given Affy value of 8.2 into the equation, we get:

RNAseq = 0.935 * 8.2 - 0.12

RNAseq = 7.60

By following these steps, you will be able to determine the predicted mRNA Expression (RNAseq) value for the HeLa cell line, which was originally derived from Henrietta Lacks' cervical cancer cells.

Henrietta Lacks was an African American woman who was being treated for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. During her treatment, a small sample of her tumor was taken without her knowledge or consent for research purposes. These cells were the first human cells to be successfully cultured in a laboratory and have since become one of the most important tools in medical research.

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Scientists study and track other animals' genes in an effort to understand how non-human creatures' genes work and operate. They do this to understand genetic risk factors in illnesses in the human population. This comes primarily from research on the genes of mice because mice are incredibly genetically close to humans --- there are literally thousands of genes in mice and rats that are phenomenally similar to humans. Manipulating their genes is extremely simple, such as adding or deleting genes to better understand their bodily functions --- also known as genetic engineering. The majority of mice and rats used in genetic research and medical studies are inbred and genetically similar, which makes the medical trial outcomes more consistent. This helps us find an understanding in whatever it is that we're trying to find. 

Scientists track the genes of other organisms like rats and mice in databases because these organisms share evolutionary similarities with humans, allowing researchers to study biological processes, diseases, and potential treatments that can apply to humans.

Rat genes are important to human gene research due to their similarities and potential for modeling human diseases and drug responses.

Scientists track the genes of various organisms, including rats and mice, in databases because these organisms serve as valuable model systems for studying biological processes, genetics, diseases, and potential treatments that are relevant to humans. Despite the differences in size and appearance, many biological functions and genetic pathways are conserved across species due to evolutionary relationships.

Rats and mice share a significant portion of their genes with humans and have similar anatomical and physiological characteristics. This similarity allows researchers to study fundamental biological mechanisms and disease processes in these animals and extrapolate the findings to humans. By tracking the genes of these organisms in databases, scientists can access a wealth of information about their genetic makeup, which aids in designing experiments and conducting comparative studies.

Rat genes, in particular, are important to human gene research because rats have a similar genomic organization and share many orthologous genes with humans. Rats are used extensively in medical and scientific research as model organisms to study human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, neurological conditions, and more. Their genetic and physiological similarities enable researchers to mimic disease processes and test potential therapeutic interventions in rats before moving to human clinical trials.

In summary, tracking the genes of organisms like rats and mice in databases is essential for advancing our understanding of genetics, diseases, and treatments that apply to humans. Rat genes are valuable in human gene research due to their evolutionary relationship with humans and their potential for modeling human diseases and drug responses, ultimately contributing to the development of medical treatments and therapies.

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Answer:

self feeder; E from sun or chemicals - autotrophs

has a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles - eukaryote (5)

the smallest taxonomic division - species (4)

no nucleus or membrane bound organelles - prokaryote (6)

one organism living inside another, both benefit - mutualism

two term - binomial (1)

Explanation:

Answer:

sophisticated irrigation, chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides

Explanation:

The use of irrigation to provide needed water and the use of natural fertilizers to promote crop growth are farming methods that have been practiced for centuries. More sophisticated irrigation techniques, various chemical pesticides, and modern chemical fertilizers have been developed in the twentieth century.

Answer: So you can have unbiased evidence, hypothesis, and claims, instead of falsifiable and biased claims

Explanation:

Answer:

so you can have reasonable claims

Explanation: