draw out 3 molecules of ch3oh showing the strongest interactions that are present between the molecules.

Answer:

2 is the answer

Explanation:

The oxidation number of chromium is +6. In the reaction, it is reduced, meaning its oxidation number decreases. The final oxidation number of chromium is +3.

In the reaction represented by the Cr₂O₇²⁻ ion, the element chromium (Cr) is reduced. Its oxidation number changes from +6 to +3.

In the Cr₂O₇²⁻  ion, each oxygen (O) atom has an oxidation number of -2. The overall charge of the ion is 2-, which means the total oxidation numbers of all the atoms should add up to -2. Since there are seven oxygen atoms, their total oxidation number is (-2) × 7 = -14.

To determine the oxidation number of chromium (Cr), we can set up the following equation;

2(Cr) + 7(-2) = -2

Simplifying the equation, we have;

2Cr - 14 = -2

By solving for Cr, we get;

2Cr = 12

Cr = 6

Initially, the oxidation number of chromium is +6. In the reaction, it is reduced, meaning its oxidation number decreases. The final oxidation number of chromium is +3.

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"A value of 0 means no energy is absorbed by the object, whereas a value of 1 means that all of the energy is absorbed" is the statement Hannah has to change.

What is Albedo Effect?

Albedo is a measure of how well surfaces reflect sunlight (heat from the sun). Large portions of the sun's rays are reflected back into the atmosphere by light-colored surfaces (high albedo). The sun's beams are absorbed by dark surfaces (low albedo).

An ice-covered Arctic reflects solar energy that would otherwise be absorbed by the oceans and raise the surface temperature of the Earth. Areas covered in snow and ice have high albedo values. How much of the incoming solar radiation is reflected or absorbed depends significantly on how much of the Earth's surface is covered by snow and ice. Dark surfaces with low albedo absorb more energy, which causes heat. Additionally, as additional ice and snow melts.

Hannah should have written instead," an object with a value of 1 absorbs no energy whereas one with a value of 0 absorbs all of the energy".

Question :

Hannah is writing a report on how albedo affects the global climate. She’s proofreading her passage for any factual errors. Which sentence must Hannah correct before submitting her report?

Earth receives energy from the Sun. This energy drives many of the processes on Earth, including its climate. Some part of this energy is reflected by Earth’s surface. We use the term albedo to describe the reflected energy. Albedo of an object is the ratio of the reflected radiation to the total radiation reaching the object. A value of 0 means no energy is absorbed by the object, whereas a value of 1 means that all of the energy is absorbed. In this way, the albedo of an object can influence Earth’s atmospheric temperature.

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The percent by volume of propanone in the solution is  6.6 % .

Volume of solute (\(C_{3} H_{6} O\)) = 20.0 mL

Volume of solution = 300 mL

To calculate the percent:

% by vol= (vol solute/vol of soln) x 100

             = (20mL C₃H₆O/300mL) x 100

             = 6.6 % propanone .

Therefore, the percent by volume of propanone in the solution is  6.6 %.

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Oxygen and silicon are the elements found in silicon oxide compounds.

Silicon and oxygen, the two most usual chemical elements in the Earth's crust, combine as silicon dioxide to form the mineral silicon oxide. Quartz is the most plentiful mineral in the Earth's crust. Most of the minerals and other geological materials we see obtain from the crust, but some come from the uppermost part of the stole. In both places, oxygen and silicon are the ruling elements. Minerals can be classified by several different characteristics. The most common classification of minerals is found in chemical composition. Element is a substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances. An element is composed of atoms that have the same atomic number i.e. number of protons in its nucleus.

So we can conclude that Popular minerals are quartz, feldspar, gallium, cobalt, talc, and pyrite. Some minerals have another colored streak than their body

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Silver chloride produced : = 46.149 g

Limiting reagent : CuCl2

Excess remains := 3.74 g

Reaction

silver nitrate + copper(II) chloride ⇒ silver chloride + copper(II) nitrate

Required

silver chloride produced

limiting reagent

excess remains

Solution

Balanced equation

2AgNO3 (aq) + CuCl2 (s) → 2AgCl(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)

mol AgNO3 :

= 58.5 : 169,87 g/mol

= 0.344

mol CuCl2 :

=21.7 : 134,45 g/mol

= 0.161

mol ratio : coefficient of AgNO3 : CuCl2 :

= 0.344/2 : 0.161/1

= 0.172 : 0.161

CuCl2  as a limiting reagent

mol AgCl :

= 2/1 x 0.161

= 0.322

Mass AgCl :

= 0.322 x 143,32 g/mol

= 46.149 g

mol remains(unreacted) for AgNO3 :

= 0.344-(2/1 x 0.161)

= 0.022

mass AgNO3 remains :

= 0.022 x 169,87 g/mol

= 3.74 g

Answer:

D.Cell wall

Explanation:

Cell wall is a distinct feature that is mainly seen in plant cells (mostly made of Cellulose) or in prokaryotic cells like bacteria.

hope this helps you :)

The total quantity of charge that must be supplied to turn the copper(II) ions into solid copper atoms is 3.38 × 10^5 C.

Aqueous solution = 250 mL = 0.250 L

Dissolved copper(II) chloride = 2.37 g

Each copper(II) ion has two less electrons than protons.

Copper(II) ion weight = 1.12 g

Each copper(II) ion gains 2 electrons.

The total quantity of charge that must be supplied to turn copper(II) ions into solid copper atoms = ?

We know that copper(II) chloride dissociates into copper(II) and chloride ions as given below:

CuCl₂ → Cu²⁺ + 2Cl⁻

One mole of copper(II) chloride will give one mole of copper(II) ions and two moles of chloride ions.

1 mole CuCl₂ → 1 mole Cu²⁺ ions

Now, the number of moles of CuCl₂ can be calculated as follows:

Molar mass of CuCl₂ = 63.546 + 2 × 35.453 = 134.452 g/mol

Number of moles of CuCl₂ = mass / molar mass = 2.37 / 134.452 = 0.01764 mol Cu²⁺ ions

Weight of Cu²⁺ ions = 1.12 g

Number of moles of Cu²⁺ ions = mass / molar mass = 1.12 / 63.546 = 0.01764 mol

Cu²⁺ ions in 1 g of Cu²⁺ ions = 1 / molar mass of Cu²⁺ ions= 1 / 63.546 = 0.01572 mol

Charge required for 1 Cu²⁺ ion to form Cu atom = 2 × 1.6 × 10^-19 C= 3.2 × 10^-19 C

Charge required for 0.01764 mol of Cu²⁺ ions to form Cu atom= 0.01764 × 6.022 × 10²³ × 3.2 × 10^-19= 3.38 × 10^5 C

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A. The drastic conditions of heating to 200 °C are required in part B to facilitate the elimination of two molecules of HBr from 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, forming diphenylacetylene.

B. The smoke observed during reflux in part B is likely unreacted or partially decomposed bromine vapor.

C. Cyclohexene is used as a solvent in the first step to facilitate the bromination of trans-stilbene and does not contaminate the product.

D. When starting with 2-butene, the major product is 2-butyne due to its greater stability compared to diphenylacetylene.

A. The drastic conditions of heating to 200 °C are required in the second part (B) of the synthesis to facilitate the basic didehydrobromination reaction, which involves the elimination of two molecules of hydrogen bromide (HBr) from 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane.

These high temperatures are necessary to overcome the energy barrier associated with breaking the relatively strong carbon-bromine bonds and to promote the elimination reaction.

Heating the reaction mixture to 200 °C provides the necessary activation energy for the elimination reaction to occur. At higher temperatures, the molecules have greater kinetic energy, leading to increased collision frequency and more successful collisions between reactant molecules. This promotes the removal of two molecules of HBr from the dibromo compound, forming the desired diphenylacetylene product.

B. The substance responsible for the smoke observed during reflux in part B is likely to be unreacted or partially decomposed bromine (Br₂) vapor. Bromine is volatile and has a characteristic reddish-brown color. When heated, bromine can vaporize and react with atmospheric oxygen, forming dense reddish-brown fumes or smoke.

This phenomenon is often observed when working with bromine or bromine-containing compounds.

During reflux, the reaction mixture is heated to its boiling point, causing volatile compounds like bromine to vaporize. If any unreacted or partially decomposed bromine is present in the reaction mixture, it can escape as a vapor and react with atmospheric oxygen, forming the visible smoke. This smoke is a result of the reaction between bromine and oxygen, producing bromine oxides or other bromine-containing compounds that are visible in the form of fumes.

C. Cyclohexene is used in the first step to act as a solvent and facilitate the bromination of trans-stilbene. Cyclohexene does not contaminate the product because it does not react with the reagents involved in the bromination reaction.

In the bromination of trans-stilbene, cyclohexene acts as a solvent that dissolves the reactants, allowing them to interact more effectively. It also helps maintain a homogenous reaction mixture and provides a suitable medium for the bromination reaction to take place.

Cyclohexene itself does not react significantly with the bromine or other reagents involved in the reaction, so it does not interfere with the formation of the desired product, diphenylacetylene. After the reaction is complete, cyclohexene can be easily separated from the product by appropriate purification techniques.

D. When the synthetic sequence starts with 2-butene instead of stilbene, the major product obtained is 2-butyne, rather than diphenylacetylene. The formation of 2-butyne is favored due to the greater stability of the alkyne product compared to the conjugated diene.

Starting with 2-butene, the first step involves the bromination of the alkene to form 2,3-dibromobutane. Subsequent basic didehydrobromination leads to the elimination of two molecules of HBr, resulting in the formation of 2-butyne.

This preferential formation of 2-butyne can be attributed to the greater thermodynamic stability of the triple bond in the alkyne compared to the conjugated diene formed in the synthesis starting with stilbene. The alkyne has a lower energy state due to the presence of strong sigma and pi bonds, leading to a more stable product.

Therefore, these are the lab result.

A. Heating to 200 °C is necessary in part B to facilitate the elimination of HBr from 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane.

B. The smoke observed during reflux is likely unreacted or partially decomposed bromine vapor.

C. Cyclohexene acts as a solvent in the first step and does not contaminate the product.

D. Starting with 2-butene, the major product is 2-butyne due to its greater stability.

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Answer:

the nuclear envelope disappears

Explanation:

Answer:

In the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears.

Explanation:

Answer:

a process which occurs when there is a difference in solute concentration between two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane.

hope this helps

Answer:

B To avoid the excessive heat and sunlight of the day

Explanation:

Almost all desert animals are smart enough to stay out of the sun during the hottest part of the day. They stay deep underground in burrows. ... At night, after the sun goes down and the sand cools off, the animals come out to hunt for food.

Answer:

b to avoid the excessive heat and sunlight of the day

or can be C

Newton's optics experiment observation and intervention. Newton made observations using the principle of light passing through prisms and the rays that were transmitted through them. It was revealed that light has a variety of properties and features.

The key experiment performed by Newton was reflecting light onto a piece of wood with a small hole drilled into it. He was able to create a pure-colored light beam in this way. He was able to demonstrate, for instance, that blue light produced solely blue light when it was refracted through a second prism.

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Answer:

That's correct! Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Water is a crucial component of photosynthesis. Here's a breakdown of the process you mentioned:

Water Absorption: Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots. Water is transported from the roots to the leaves through specialized tissues called xylem.

Photosynthesis in Leaves: Within the leaves, specialized structures called chloroplasts contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which captures light energy from the sun.

Carbon Dioxide Uptake: Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere enters the leaves through tiny pores called stomata. These openings also allow water vapour to exit the plant in a process known as transpiration.

Photosynthetic Reactions: In the presence of light energy, water molecules in the chloroplasts undergo a process called photolysis. This means they are broken apart into hydrogen ions (H+), electrons (e-), and oxygen (O2). The released oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis and is released into the atmosphere.

Formation of Glucose: The hydrogen ions and electrons produced during photolysis are used in a series of chemical reactions known as the Calvin cycle. Within the chloroplasts, carbon dioxide (CO2) combines with the hydrogen ions and electrons to form glucose (C6H12O6).

Other Uses of Glucose: Glucose serves as the primary source of energy for the plant. It is used for various metabolic processes, growth, and the production of other organic compounds needed by the plant.

Overall, photosynthesis is a vital process for plants as it allows them to convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose, which are essential for their survival and growth.

hey hope that helps, have a great rest of the day :D

Alright, let's take it step by step!

(a) When you mix water with different temperatures, the final temperature is like a weighted average. Imagine you have `v` liters of water at temperature `T` and `u` liters of water at temperature `S`. The amount of thermal energy in the first batch is `v*T` and in the second batch it's `u*S`. When you combine them, the total thermal energy is `v*T + u*S`. Since the total volume is now `v + u`, the average energy per liter (which is the final temperature) is `(v*T + u*S) / (v + u)`.

In equation form:

Final Temperature, F = (v*T + u*S) / (v + u).

(b) Now let's move to the changing volumes and temperatures. Let `v(t)` be the volume at time `t`, and `T(t)` the temperature at time `t`. Let's say that in `Gt` seconds, `Gu` gallons of water are added at temperature `S`. We’ll assume that 1 gallon is the same as 1 liter for simplicity, though in reality they are slightly different.

The new volume after `Gt` seconds is `v(t) + Gu`, and the total thermal energy is `v(t)*T(t) + Gu*S`. The new average temperature is:

T(t+Gt) = (v(t)*T(t) + Gu*S) / (v(t) + Gu).

Now, T(t+Gt) - T(t) = [(v(t)*T(t) + Gu*S) / (v(t) + Gu)] - T(t).

Now, let's think about water pouring at a constant rate. Let's use the limit definition of the derivative. Instead of `Gu` gallons in `Gt` seconds, let's say a tiny amount of water `du` is added in a tiny amount of time `dt`. So, `du/dt` is the rate at which water is poured into the urn.

Using the limit definition:

dT/dt = lim (dt -> 0) [(v(t)*T(t) + du*S) / (v(t) + du) - T(t)] / dt

     = [(v(t)*T(t) + du*S) / (v(t) + du) - T(t)]' (derivative with respect to t)

     = [v'(t)*T(t) + v(t)*T'(t) + du/dt*S - v'(t)*T(t) - v(t)*T'(t)] / (v(t) + du) (using product rule)

     = (du/dt*S) / (v(t) + du).

As dt approaches 0, du becomes very small, and thus we can ignore it in comparison to v(t), so:

dT/dt ≈ (du/dt*S) / v(t).

This is the rate of change of temperature with respect to time, in terms of the rate at which water is poured, the temperature at which it is poured, and the volume of water already in the urn.

Answer:

you man get different results

Answer:

They are called corpuscles

Explanation:

The 3 general ways by which a system in equilibrium can be reversed are by changing the concentration of the reactants of products, changing the pressure of the system, and changing the temperature of the system.

Le Chatelier's principle state that when a reaction is in equilibrium and one of the constraints that affect the rate of reactions is applied to the system, the equilibrium shifts so as to cancel out the effects of the constraints.

The constraints being referred to by Le Chatelier are concentration, pressure, and temperature. Increasing or decreasing the pressure of a system in equilibrium will shift the equilibrium to the sides with the lower moles or higher moles respectively.

Increasing the concentration of the reactants will shift the equilibrium toward the product side while increasing the concentration of the products will shift the equilibrium toward the reactant side.

In the same vein, increasing the temperature of a system will sift the equilibrium towards the product if the system itself is endothermic. If the system is exothermic, a reversal will occur.

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Answer:

The answer is A! Hope you do Great!

Explanation:

Answer:

hsvrirdhbrkshdbejdkjf

Explanation:

fndvizhdjevsixndbs

Answer:

The number has 3 significant figures.

Answer:

It has approximatly 3

Explanation:

The Significant figures would be 9, 3 and 5!

The net equation for the synthesis for the biosynthesis of palmitate(16-carbon fatty acid) in rat liver, starting from mitochondrial acetyl-CoA and cytosolic NADPH, ATP, and CO2:

8 Acetyl CoA (2C)  + 14 NADPH + 13H+ + 7 ATP→ Palmitate (16C) + 8 CoA-SH + 6 H2O + 14 NADP+ + 7 ADP + 7 Pi

In this equation, 8 acetyl-CoA molecules are used, along with 14 NADPH, 7 ATP,  to produce 1 molecule of palmitate. Additionally, 14 NADP+, 8 CoA, 6 H2O, 7 ADP, and 7 Pi molecules are generated as byproducts during the fatty acid synthesis process.

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The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium oxide is:

2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO

In the reaction, magnesium (Mg) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form magnesium oxide (MgO). To balance the equation, we need to ensure that the number of atoms on both sides of the equation is the same.

In this case, we have two magnesium atoms on the left side and two magnesium atoms on the right side, which are already balanced. However, we have two oxygen atoms on the right side (in the form of O2), so we need to balance the equation by placing a coefficient of 2 in front of MgO on the left side.

After balancing, we have two magnesium atoms and two oxygen atoms on both sides of the equation:

2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO

Therefore,

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium oxide is 2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO.

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To solve this question we need to use the combined gas law:

sufix 1 reffears to the initial state and sufix 2 reffears to the final state. P is pressure, V volume and T temperature (in Kelvin). They are asking for the pressure at the final state (P2) and they give the initial conditions: P1= 1atm, V1=1L T1=25°C=298K and the final temperature T2=1000°C= 1273 K. They alse say that the Volume is fixed so V2=V1=1L. then we just have to substitute the values into the eqaution:

Then solve P2. P2 = 4.272 atm

The molarity of the phosphoric acid can be calculated using the titration data provided.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) is:

2 H3PO4 + 3 Ba(OH)2 -> Ba3(PO4)2 + 6 H2O

From the equation, we can see that the mole ratio between phosphoric acid and barium hydroxide is 2:3.

Given that 37.96 mL of 0.2169 M barium hydroxide was required to reach the endpoint, we can determine the number of moles of barium hydroxide used:

Moles of Ba(OH)2 = volume (L) × molarity (mol/L) = 0.03796 L × 0.2169 mol/L = 0.008235 mol

Since the mole ratio between phosphoric acid and barium hydroxide is 2:3, the number of moles of phosphoric acid present in the 26.07 mL sample can be calculated:

Moles of H3PO4 = (2/3) × Moles of Ba(OH)2 = (2/3) × 0.008235 mol = 0.00549 mol

Finally, we can calculate the molarity of the phosphoric acid:

Molarity of H3PO4 = Moles of H3PO4 / Volume (L) = 0.00549 mol / 0.02607 L ≈ 0.210 M

Therefore, the molarity of the phosphoric acid is approximately 0.210 M.

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The 2 processes in which the particles will lose or gain energy are:

1) Temperature Change Or

2) State Change

A particle losses or gains energy when its Temperature changes i.e. A vessel filled with boiling water (100 degrees C ) cools down at the room temperature OR

when its State changes i.e. A bucket full of ice is kept at a room temperature (state changes from Solid to Liquid)

It is because of the breaking or formation of bonds, which results in loss or gain in energy.

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Time taken by students of different ages to finish the same puzzle is an independent variable whereas the amount of coffee grounds that affect the taste is a dependent variable.

One of the most important aspects of scientific study is establishing the cause and effect relationships. Knowing which variable is the cause, or independent variable, and which is the effect, or dependent variable, is crucial. Here time taken by students of different ages to finish the same puzzle differs for each student and each student's time taken is independent of other, so it is a independent variable. But the taste of coffee is an effect which depends on the amount of coffee grounds used, so it is a dependent variable

Time taken by students of different ages to finish the same puzzle is an independent variable whereas the amount of coffee grounds that affect the taste is a dependent variable.

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Zn is being oxidized, and HCl is the “agent” that is causing the Zn to be oxidized. #4 indicates that the student is thinking that the Zn+2in ZnCl2 is undergoing reduction and is therefore the oxidizing agent.

-2269.2kJ is the enthalpy change of a given equation for 4 moles  . the negative value indicates that the given reactions are spontaneous reactions .

These equations and enthalpy of reaction is  given by Hess’s law, the chemical equation can be treated as algebraic expressions . That means the enthalpy change of the overall reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes of the intermediate reactions.

P4(s) + 10 Cl2(g)--> 4 PCl5(s) ΔH°rxn= -1774.0 kJ

PCl3(l) + Cl2(g)--> PCl5(s) ΔH°rxn = -123.8 kJ  (  Multiply  by 4 )

then the value of enthalpy change  for equation 2 be  -495.2kJ

then according to enthalpy change equation

delta H = delta h1 - delta h2

delta H = -1774.0 -(- 495.2)

delta H = - 2269.2KJ

for 4 moles  the value of enthalpy change is -2269.2kJ

the value of enthalpy change for 1 mole is  - 567.3 KJ

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Answer:

Explanation:

Decomposition reaction, also known as analysis or dissociation, is a type of chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances or elements. In this reaction, a single reactant undergoes a chemical change and produces two or more products.

The decomposition reaction can be represented by the general equation:

AB → A + B

Where AB is the reactant, and A and B are the products. The reactant AB is usually a compound, and it breaks down into its constituent elements or simpler compounds.

There are different types of decomposition reactions, including:

Thermal decomposition: It occurs when a compound is heated, resulting in its decomposition into simpler substances. For example, the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produces calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2):

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

Electrolytic decomposition: It takes place when an electric current is passed through an electrolyte, causing it to break down into its component ions. For instance, the electrolysis of water (H2O) leads to the decomposition into hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2):

2H2O → 2H2 + O2

Photochemical decomposition: It occurs when a compound undergoes decomposition due to exposure to light energy. Chlorine gas (Cl2) can decompose into chlorine atoms (Cl) under the influence of light:

Cl2 → 2Cl

These are just a few examples of decomposition reactions. They are important in various chemical processes and are used in industries, laboratory experiments, and natural phenomena. By understanding and controlling decomposition reactions, scientists can gain insights into the behavior of different compounds and develop practical applications in fields such as chemistry, materials science, and environmental science.

Answer:

Explanation:

reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances or elements