The enolate formed is for the ketone, the enolate will have a negative charge on the α-carbon, for the ester, the enolate will have a negative charge on the α-carbon, for the aldehyde, the enolate will have a negative charge on the α-carbon.
To draw the enolates formed when each of the following compounds is treated with LDA, follow these steps:
Identify the compounds: (a) is a ketone, (b) is an ester, and (c) is an aldehyde.Determine the acidic proton: Look for the α-carbon, which is directly attached to the carbonyl carbon. The α-protons are acidic and can be deprotonated by LDA.Deprotonate the α-carbon: LDA will remove the acidic proton from the α-carbon, creating a negative charge on it.Form the enolate: The negative charge on the α-carbon creates the enolate ion.Now let's draw the enolates for each compound:
(a) For the ketone, the enolate will have a negative charge on the α-carbon, and a double bond between the α-carbon and the carbonyl carbon.
(b) For the ester, the enolate will have a negative charge on the α-carbon, a double bond between the α-carbon and the carbonyl carbon, and an OEt group attached to the carbonyl carbon.
(c) For the aldehyde, the enolate will have a negative charge on the α-carbon, and a double bond between the α-carbon and the carbonyl carbon.
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In what direction is the universe
moving?
1.condensing toward the center
2.expanding out from the center
3.at equilibrium with the center
What are the units for Rf values? Please help!
Answer:
Microwatts.
Explanation:
RF + EMF Unit Conversion Charts: Interpreting exposure levels. When measuring Radio Frequencies, the most common units of measurement are microwatts per square meter (µW/m2), microwatts per square centimeter (µW/cm2) and volts per meter (V/m).
Answer:
No units
Explanation:
In Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), retention factor (Rf value) is found by taking the distance travelled by the spot divided by the distance of the solvent front. Rf value is a ratio of distances hence they have no units.
Mathematical derivation
The distance travelled by the spot is in cm, and that of the solvent front is also in cm. Thus, dividing the two units would give us no units for the Rf value.
What is TLC?
TLC is a technique used for separation and identification. The stationary phase is polar while the solvent is relatively nonpolar. Thus, the less polar substance is more attracted to the solvent (according to the principle of 'like attracts like') and travels further and thus have a higher Rf value.
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Which of the following is a possible effect on transmission of action potentials, of a mutant sodium channel that does not have a refractory period?
The frequency of action potentials would be increased
The peak of the action potential (amount of depolarization) would be higher
The action potential would travel in both directions
The rate at which the action potential moves down the axon would be increased
A possible effect of a mutant sodium channel that lacks a refractory period is that the frequency of action potentials would be increased.
The refractory period is a period of time during which a neuron is unable to generate another action potential. This period allows for proper repolarization and restoration of the resting state before another action potential can be initiated.
If a mutant sodium channel does not have a refractory period, it means that the neuron would not have a mandatory recovery time and could potentially generate action potentials more frequently.
The refractory period helps in maintaining the normal firing rate and prevents excessive stimulation of neurons.
Without a refractory period, the neuron would be able to fire action potentials rapidly and continuously. This would result in an increased frequency of action potentials.
The other options mentioned in the given choices are not directly related to the absence of a refractory period.
The peak of the action potential (amount of depolarization) and the rate at which the action potential moves down the axon are influenced by factors other than the refractory period.
The action potential traveling in both directions is not necessarily determined by the presence or absence of a refractory period but can be influenced by other factors such as changes in ion concentrations or malfunctioning of other ion channels.
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Which is an example of a chemical change?
A. heating a block of ice to form liquid water
B. heating a tungsten wire until it glows brightly
C. adding sugar crystals to water to form a clear, colorless liquid
D. passing an electric current through water to form hydrogen and oxygen
Answer:
D. passing an electric current through water to form hydrogen and oxygen
Explanation:
only one that's not just a physical change.
A plane traveled for 2 hours at a speed of 1200 km/hr. What distance did it travel?
2000 km
600 km
1200 km
2400 km
Answer: 2400 km
Explanation: 1200 km/hr • 2 hr = 2400 km
The circled sushi has algae
wrapped around it to hold it
together. What kind of algae is
this?
A. Yellow
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Orange
Answer:
Green
Explanation:
The process, when an atom gains electrons is called
Answer:
When an atom gains/loses an electron, the atom becomes charged, and is called an ion. Gaining an electron results in a negative charge, so the atom is an anion. Losing an electron results in a positive charge, so atom ion is a cation
Explanation:
Answerd the question : ion
I need help. Is it A, B, C or D?? Please help
Answer:
Explanation:
the answer is sirius
as air surfaces the earth warms the density of the air
When air surfaces the earth, the density of the air warms up. This is because the earth surface heats up the air by the process of convection. As the sun's radiation reaches the earth, the earth's surface absorbs it and in turn, heats the surrounding air molecules.
These molecules then rise as they become less dense than the cooler air around them. This warm air then moves upwards and away from the surface of the earth, allowing cooler air to take its place.The heating of the air surface affects the air density, which causes the air to expand. When the air is warmed up, it becomes less dense, and its molecules move farther apart. The opposite happens when the air cools down, and its density increases. As the air becomes less dense, it rises, and the cooler, denser air flows in to replace it.
The warming up of the earth's air surface due to the sun's radiation has a significant effect on weather patterns and global climate change. It is one of the reasons why the earth's temperature is increasing, and this increase in temperature has a range of implications, including rising sea levels, melting ice caps, and more frequent extreme weather events.
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What type of ph is caused by the percolation of mildly acidic water, which neutralizes bases?
Neutral ph is caused by the percolation of mildly acidic water. The mildly acidic water has a pH of about 6.5-7.0, which is slightly acidic.
What is water ?Water is a natural resource that is essential for life. It is one of the most important molecules in the universe, and it is the only substance that can exist in all three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Water is necessary for all living things, including plants and animals, to survive. Water sustains life on Earth by serving as a medium for many biochemical processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and the transport of nutrients and waste products. It is also necessary for human activities such as drinking, cleaning, cooking, and bathing. In addition, water helps to regulate the Earth's climate and is a valuable resource for recreation and leisure activities.
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What is the chemical composition of hot chocolate?
Answer:
Hot chocolate is as straightforward as drinks go: at its core, it's milk, cocoa powder, and sugar. Despite its simplicity, this cold-weather classic is swirling with science. The backbone of any decent hot chocolate is milk. Beyond water, milk is perhaps the most basic and familiar substance to humans.
If an object is travelling 25.0 meters/second, how far will it travel in 45 minutes?
\(\\ \rm\longmapsto Distance=Speed(Time)\)
\(\\ \rm\longmapsto Distance=25(2700)\)
\(\\ \rm\longmapsto Distance=67500m\)
The object travelling at 25 m/s, will travel a distance of 67500 m in 45 mins.
We'll begin by converting 45 mins to seconds. This can be obtained as follow:1 min = 60 s
Therefore,
45 mins = 45 × 60
45 mins = 2700 sFinally, we shall determine the distance travelled by the object in 2700 s (i.e 45 mins). This can be obtained as follow:Time = 2700
Speed = 25 m/s
Distance =?Distance = speed × time
Distance = 25 × 2700
Distance = 67500 mTherefore, the object will cover a distance of 67500 m in 2700 s (i.e 45 mins)
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Nowadays it is very important to reduce one's carbon "ootprint" (how much carbon we produce in our daly lifestyles). Mrimiting the use of fossal fuels and instead tosoring to renewable sourchis o ener
Nowadays, it is very important to reduce one's carbon "footprint" (how much carbon we produce in our daily lifestyles). By limiting the use of fossil fuels and instead turning to renewable sources of energy, we can significantly reduce our carbon emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
One way to reduce our carbon footprint is by transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. These sources of energy produce minimal greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. Installing solar panels on rooftops, utilizing wind turbines, and supporting hydroelectric power can help generate clean and sustainable energy.
Another important aspect is adopting energy-efficient practices and technologies. This includes using energy-efficient appliances, LED lighting, and improving insulation in buildings to reduce energy consumption. Conserving energy in transportation by opting for public transportation, carpooling, biking, or walking can also make a significant difference.
Additionally, reducing waste and promoting recycling and composting can help minimize greenhouse gas emissions. Waste decomposition in landfills produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas. By reducing, reusing, and recycling materials, we can lower our carbon emissions and conserve resources.
Furthermore, making conscious choices in our daily lives can contribute to reducing our carbon footprint. This includes minimizing water usage, eating a plant-based diet or reducing meat consumption, and supporting sustainable and local products.
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Tommy wakes up in the morning to his alarm clock at 7:00 a.m. every day. The alarm clock is connected to a wall outlet. Which statement best describes the energy transformation that is happening in the alarm clock?
The alarm clock is producing electrical energy, and the electrical energy is being transformed into light and sound energy.
Electrical energy is flowing through the wires into the alarm clock. The electrical energy is being transformed into sound energy by the buzzer.
Electrical energy is being produced by the alarm clock. The electrical energy is being transformed into sound energy by the buzzer and into light energy by the light bulbs.
Electrical energy is flowing through the wires into the alarm clock. The electrical energy is being transformed into heat energy by the buzzer and into light energy by the light bulbs.
The statement that best describes the energy transformation that is happening in the alarm clock is "Electrical energy is flowing through the wires into the alarm clock. The electrical energy is being transformed into sound energy by the buzzer"
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION:
Energy exists in different forms and can be transformed from one form to another. According to this question, the alarm clock being described is plugged to a wall outlet, meaning that electrical energy is flowing through the wire into the alarm clock. The alarm clock produces a buzzing sound as a result of this energy flow. Therefore, statement that best describes the energy transformation that is happening in the alarm clock is "Electrical energy is flowing through the wires into the alarm clock. The electrical energy is being transformed into sound energy by the buzzer".Learn more at: https://brainly.com/question/22939972?referrer=searchResults
Answer: B
Explanation: In physics, sound energy is a form of energy that can be heard by living things. Only those waves that have a frequency of 16 Hz to 20 kHz are audible to humans. However, this range is an average and will slightly change from individual to individual. Sound waves that have frequencies below 16 Hz are called infrasonic and those above 20 kHz are called ultrasonic. All electricity is produced via a generator, but how the turbine in that generator is powered can vary hugely. 3 of the most common ways are:
Coal – coal is burned in a power plant to heat water, which turns into steam and turns the turbine.
Hydropower – water is channeled through a man-made space and turns a turbine. ...
Nuclear – while the process of nuclear fission is quite complicated, the resulting heat it creates is used to generate steam (just like coal) which then turns the turbines.
2 moles of NO, was placed in an empty I dm' bottle and allowed to reach equilibrium according to the equation:
At equilibrium, 1.2 moles of N,O, dissociated. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction at that
temperature.
Write the test for the following Gases.
Co2, H2,Cl2, Br2,
SO2,
NO2,
Answer:
oh no!! I can't do this ;(
Explanation:
oopsie "BrO" I can't do this pleaseee.
don't be selfish next time and maybe people will help you...
How many Mn atoms are found in the following compound?
2MnO4
Answer:
2
Explanation:
Given compound:
2MnO₄
This means that the compound contains:
2 × 1 Mn = 2 Mn2 × 4 O = 8 O\(\rule[225]{225}{2}\)
Hope this helped!
~AH1807A pipet is used to measure out 10 mL of water. If the mass of this volume of water is 9.990 g and the density of water is given as 0.9978 g/mL, what is the actual volume of water measured out? a. 10.000 mL b. 9.990 mL Oc.The actual volume measured out is impossible to tell d. 10.012 mL
The actual volume of water measured out is 10.012 mL.
To determine the actual volume of water, we can use the density formula: density = mass/volume.
Rearranging the formula to solve for volume, we get: volume = mass/density.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
volume = 9.990 g / 0.9978 g/mL = 10.012 mL.
Therefore, the actual volume measured out is slightly greater than the nominal volume of 10 mL, likely due to the meniscus formed by the water at the top of the pipet. This highlights the importance of proper measurement techniques and accounting for sources of error in experimental measurements.
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Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green
Answer:
This strange green slime is a colonization of fungi caused by the humidity of the bathrooms, which to be eradicated requires a non-specific antimicrobial such as sodium hypochlorite that generates an osmotic imbalance producing a fungicidal effect.
Explanation:
The fungi that appear in the form of slime at the microscopic level have many forms of colonization, by adding coconut milk it was assumed that this would generate an environment not suitable for their metabolism and reproduction but this did not happen, therefore they continued their reproduction.
Answer:
Explain?
Explanation:
An experiment was conducted and students observed that a solution had a hydroxide concentration of 7.0 x 10-2 .What is the pH? is the substance acidic or basic?
Answer:
The pH of the solution is basic
Explanation:
as one of the characteristics of the base is to increase the OH concentration in a solution so if the solution has low concentration of OH this means that the solution is basic
This unit discusses in detail the role of catalysts to lower the activation energy of reactions. The term catalyst appears in nonscientific discussions to refer to something that provokes or speeds significant change or action. Consider this example from the 2006 Associated Press article "Chernobyl cover-up a catalyst for glasnost":
"For the Soviet Union, Chernobyl was a catalyst that forced the government into an unprecedented show of openness that paved the way for reforms leading to the Soviet collapse"
Discuss how this scientific term has made its way into common usage. Does the term catalyst carry the same meaning in regular usage? How is it used differently in a scientific context compared to a nonscientific contexte
Answer:
It can be brought into regular conversation easily I feel it means to "provoke" or "speeds significant change or action" I can see someone saying that in a conversation, "chlorine acts as a catalyst promoting the breakdown of ozone".
I would say it would take the same meaning depending on how you say it and when and what the context of what you're saying it in.
For scientists, it means to change quickly. For someone who says it in a conversation may be saying to stop provoking someone.
Explanation:
The volume of a gas is 450 mL when its pressure is 1.00 atm. If the temperature of the gas does not change, what is the pressure when its volume is changed to 2.00 L?
Use P Subscript 1 Baseline V Subscript 1 = P Subscript 2 Baseline V Subscript 2.
0.225 atm
0.444 atm
2.25 atm
4.44 atm
Answer:
0.225 atm
Explanation:
v1=450ml÷1000=0.45l(1l=1000ml)
P1=1
v2=2.00l
p2=?
p1v1=p2v2
p2=p1v1/v2
=1×0.45/2
=0.225
so the answer is first one
This question is based on Boyle's law as temperature is constant. Boyle's law is derived from ideal gas equation only at constant temperature. Thus the pressure calculated is 0.225atm.
What is Boyle's law?
Boyle's law is a law which states that at constant temperature, the pressure that is exerted by an ideal gas on the walls of the container is inversely proportional to the volume occupied that gas.
Ideal gas is a gas where there is no forces of attraction or forces of repulsion between the particles . The volume of container is equal to the volume occupied by the gas.
Mathematically,
Initial condition to final condition
\(P_{1}V_{1} \rightarrow P_{2}V_{2}\)
\(P_{1}\)=1.00atm
\(V_{1}\)=450 mL=0.45l
\(P_{2}\)=?
\(V_{2}\)=2.00L
Substituting all values in given equation
\(P_{1}V_{1} \rightarrow P_{2}V_{2}\\P_{2}=P_{1}V_{1}\div V_{2}\)
\(P_{2}\)=(1×0.45)÷2.00
\(P_{2}\)=0.225atm
Thus the pressure when volume changed to 2.00 is 0.225atm.
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a 1.16 mol sample of an element has a density of 13.55 g/cm3. if the sample occupies a volume of 17.17 cm3, what is the molar mass of the element?
To determine the molar mass of the element, we will use the formula:$$\mathrm{Molar\ mass}=\frac{\mathrm{Density}}{\mathrm{Moles}/\mathrm{Volume}}$$Given:$$\mathrm{Density}=13.55\:\mathrm{g/cm^3}$$$$\mathrm{Moles}=1.16\:\mathrm{mol}$$$$\mathrm{Volume}=17.17\:\mathrm{cm^3}$$.
Given that, density = 13.55 g/cm3molar mass = ?mass of sample = density x volume$$\therefore \ \text{mass of sample} = \mathrm{density} \times \mathrm{volume}$$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{mass} =13.55 \:\mathrm{g/cm^3} \times 17.17 \:\mathrm{cm^3}=232.7315\:\mathrm{g}$$Now, Molar mass is given by,$$\mathrm{Molar\ mass}=\frac{\mathrm{Density}}{\mathrm{Moles}/\mathrm{Volume}}$$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{Molar\ mass}=\frac{13.55\:\mathrm{g/cm^3}}{1.16\:\mathrm{mol}/17.17\:\mathrm{cm^3}}=103.1\:\mathrm{g/mol}$$Therefore, the molar mass of the element is 103.1 g/mol.
The given information is about the element's sample. The formula for molar mass is used to find out the unknown molar mass of the given element.
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2. There is a toxic spill in Birch Bay. The material has a half-life of 3 days. What is the daily decay rate of the substance? Do not just give an answer. Show all work and any equations you used to find your answer. Round your answer to 3 decimal places
The daily decay rate of the substance is approximately 0.793 (rounded to 3 decimal places).
The half-life of the material = 3 days To calculate:
The daily decay rate of the substance Formula used:
1/2^(t/h), where t = time elapsed and h = half-life of the substance Solution:
The formula for calculating the daily decay rate of the substance is given by:
1/2^(t/h)Where t is the time elapsed and h is the half-life of the substance.
The daily decay rate of the substance is calculated as follows:1/2^(1/3) ≈ 0.793.
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A(n) _____ may be defined as a compound which contributes hydroxide ions or increases the OH- concentration when dissolved in water.
salt
base
ester
acid
Answer:
Base
Explanation:
Bases on dissolving with water release hydroxide ions
Take a example of Sodium hydroxide
NaOH+H_2O-->Na_0+OH-what is the activation energy (in kj) of a reaction whose rate constant increases by a factor of 100 upon increasing the temperature from 300 k to 360 k?
The activation energy of a reaction is ~ 69KJ/mol, at the given temperature.
What is Activation energy?The smallest additional amount of energy that a reactive molecule needs in order to transform into a product is known as activation energy. The minimal amount of energy required to activate or energize molecules or atoms so that they can engage in a chemical reaction or transformation is another way to put it.
What is Temperature?
The concept of temperature is used to convey quantitatively how hot and cold something is. Using a thermometer, one can measure, temperature.
Calculations:
Given,
K2 = 100K1
T1 = 300
T2 = 360
Now,
We know that,
ln K2/K1 = Ea/R * {(1/T1) - (1/T2)}
ln 100K1/K1 = Ea/R * {(1/300) - (1/360)}
Ea= ln 100K1/K1 * R/{(1/300) - (1/360)}
Ea ~ 69KJ/mol.
Hence, the activation energy of a reaction is ~ 69KJ/mol, at the given temperature.
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Determine the mass of water produced from 50g hydrochloric acid and
excess potassium hydroxide. HCI + KOH --> H₂O + KCI
Answer:
24.7 grams H₂O
Explanation:
To find the mass of water, you should (1) convert from grams HCl to moles (via molar mass from periodic table), then (2) convert from moles HCl to moles H₂O (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation), and then (3) convert from moles H₂O to grams (via molar mass from periodic table).
1 HCl + KOH --> 1 H₂O + KCl
Molar Mass (HCl): 1.008 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol
Molar Mass (HCl): 36.458 g/mol
Molar Mass (H₂O): 2(1.008 g/mol) + 16.00 g/mol
Molar Mass (H₂O): 18.016 g/mol
50 g HCl 1 mole HCl 1 mole H₂O 18.016 g
-------------- x ------------------ x ------------------- x ------------------- = 24.7 g H₂O
36.458 g 1 mole HCl 1 mole H₂O
A sample of gas has an initial volume of 45ml at a pressure of 750 mmHg and a temperature of 50°C. If changes are made to the
system so that the new volume is 65 ml at a pressure of 785
mmHg, what is the new temperature?
The new temperature of a sample gas with initial temperature of 50°C is 72°C.
How to calculate temperature?V₂ = V₁ / T₁ × T₂. (equation 1)
The equation for Charles' law changes to: If you'd want to choose the final volume and wish to gauge the resulting temperature
T₂ = T₁ / V₁ × V₂. (equation 2)
You can specify the pressure and check the number of moles of atoms or molecules in a container in the advanced mode.
Eq. 2: T2 = 50/45 ×65
T2 = 72 °C when the values are substituted.
The experimental gas law known as Charles's law outlines how gases have a tendency to expand when heated. Charles's law is now expressed as follows: The volume and Kelvin temperature of a sample of a dry gas will be directly proportional to the pressure, when the pressure is held constant.
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In a mixture of noble gases, neon has a mole fraction of 0.5, argon has a mole fraction of 0.3, and xenon has a mole fraction of 0.2. which gas will have the greatest partial pressure?
Neon gas would have the largest partial pressure among the mixture of noble gases based on Dalton’s law of partial pressure and ideal gas law.
By understanding Dalton’s law of partial pressure and ideal gas law, the relationship between the mole fraction and partial pressure can be determined. Dalton’s law of partial pressure states that the total pressure of the mixture of gases is just the same as the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone (Chang and Goldsby, 2013).
Ideal Gas Law: P= nRT/V
Let: partial pressure = p and total pressure=P
p_neon + p_argon + p_xenon = P
(n_neon)(RT/V) + (n_argon)(RT/V) +(n_xenon)(RT/V)= (n_total)(RT/V)
Mole fraction is the dimensionless number that expresses the ratio of the number of moles of a specific substance to the number of moles of all the components. Mole fraction can also be equal to the ratio of partial pressure and total pressure.
Mole fraction of neon (x_neon) = p_neon / P
x_neon = (n_neon)(RT/V)/(n_total)(RT/V)
x_neon = (n_neon)/(n_total)
Therefore, the partial pressure of a component is directly proportional to its mole fraction. This means that the higher the mole fraction, the higher the partial pressure is.
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What property of a metal does the image represent
Answer:
malleable
Explanation:
The image represent in malleable property of metal.
The image possibly represents the photoelectric effect of a metal, which is when it emits electrons after being exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Metals are also characterized by physical properties such as conductivity, malleability, metallic luster, and metallic bonding.
Explanation:Based on your question, the image possibly represents the photoelectric effect, a key property of metals. This phenomenon occurs when a metal surface exposed to electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency absorbs radiation and emits electrons. These emitted electrons are called photoelectrons. Metals can also exhibit free electron model behavior, where electrons freely roam within the metal structure.
Metals possess unique physical properties like conductivity, malleability, and metallic luster. Malleability refers to the metal's ability to deform without breaking, while conductivity refers to the metal's ability to transfer heat or electricity. A metallic luster gives metals their characteristic shiny appearance.
Finally, metals are also known for their metallic bonding—a unique force that holds together the atoms within a metallic solid. Metallic bonding gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties of metals.
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