To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule, Calculate the total number of valence electrons in the molecule. Determine the central atom by considering the atom with the highest bonding capacity.
A Lewis structure is a structural representation of a molecule in which bonding electrons and non-bonding electrons are shown in order to predict the geometry and properties of the molecule. Distribute the remaining electrons among the peripheral atoms in the form of lone pairs, where each bond (single, double, or triple bond) is composed of two electrons and each lone pair is composed of two electrons.
The shape of the BrCl3 molecule is T-shaped. The shape of the BrCl3 molecule is determined by the number of lone pairs and the number of atoms around the central atom. In BrCl3, the central atom Br has three Cl atoms and two lone pairs around it. The two lone pairs take up more space than the three Cl atoms. This results in a T-shaped structure.
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Select six different types of energy. physical light chemical mechanical atomic electrical mental heat
Answer:
Mechanical energy is energy that results from movement or the location of an object. Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy.
Explanation:
Nuclear energy is energy resulting from changes in the atomic nuclei or from nuclear reactions.
Example: Nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and nuclear decay are examples of nuclear energy. An atomic detonation or power from a nuclear plant are specific examples of this type of energy.
Which of following is CORRECT relationship for silver carbonate in water (Symbol: s = solubility, Ksp = equilibrium constant, [X]=concentration of X)?
Group of answer choices
s = [Ag+]
s = [CO32-]
s = Ksp
s = [Ag+]2
s = [Ag+][CO32-]
The solubility of silver carbonate in water is determined by the equilibrium constant, Ksp.
Silver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is sparingly soluble in water. When a solid Ag2CO3 is added to water, it dissociates into silver ions (Ag+) and carbonate ions (CO32-). The dissolution process can be represented as follows:
Ag2CO3(s) ⇌ 2Ag+(aq) + CO32-(aq)
The equilibrium constant for this dissolution reaction is denoted as Ksp. Ksp is the product of the concentrations of the dissolved ions raised to their stoichiometric coefficients. In this case, the Ksp expression is:
Ksp = [Ag+]^2 [CO32-]
The Ksp value is constant at a given temperature and represents the maximum amount of Ag2CO3 that can dissolve in water.
The options s = [Ag+], s = [CO32-], s = [Ag+]^2, and s = [Ag+][CO32-] do not correctly represent the relationship between the solubility and the concentrations of the ions. The solubility of Ag2CO3 is determined by the value of Ksp, not directly proportional to the concentration of silver ions or carbonate ions.
Therefore, the correct relationship for the solubility of silver carbonate in water is s = Ksp, where s represents the solubility of Ag2CO3.
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Lunar Eclipse. Choose ALL that apply
Question 1 options:
Earth casts its shadow on the moon
The moon turns dark
Light from the sun is blocked
Earth is directly between the moon and sun
Question 2 (0.5 points)
Solar Eclipse: Choose ALL that apply
Question 2 options:
The Earth is directly between the moon and sun
Earth casts a shadow on the moon
Moon moves between the sun and Earth
The moon blocks out the light of the sun and casts a shadow onto the Earth
In this exercise we have to use the knowledge of lunar eclipse to identify the alternatives that correspond to this effect, as follows:
Light from the sun is blockedEarth is directly between the moon and sunWhat is lunar eclipse?A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth is between the Moon and the Sun, at times when they are aligned. Depending on the position of the Moon, it is total, partial or penumbral. Different stages of a lunar eclipse on a full moon night.
Now, use the knowledge of solar eclipse to identify the alternatives that correspond to this effect, as follows:
Moon moves between the sun and EarthThe moon blocks out the light of the sun and casts a shadow onto the EarthWhat is the definition of solar eclipse?Solar eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon that occurs when the Moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, hiding the light emitted by the star towards the planet.
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What is the total number of grams of solute in 500 milliliters of 1M CH3COOH (formula mass = 60)?
Answer:
30 grams
Explanation:
Molarity of a solution represents its molar concentration, and can be calculated by using the formula as follows:
Molarity (M) = number of moles (n) ÷ volume (V)
Based on the information provided, volume of solution = 500 milliliters, molarity = 1M
Volume of solution in liters = 500mL ÷ 1000 = 0.50L
Molarity = n/V
1 = n/0.50
n = 0.50moles
Using mole = mass/molar mass
Molar mass of CH3COOH (acetic acid) = 60g/mol
Mass = mole × molar mass
mass = 0.50 × 60
mass = 30 grams.
7. Compare and contrast a dilute solution of a strong acid
and a concentrated solution of a weak acid.
Explanation:
An acid is a substance that ionizes to produce excess hydrogen ion in solutions.
A concentrated acid contains a high amount of hydrogen ions in solution compared to other ions. Such solutions usually ionizes completely. A dilute solution contains a high proportion of water and with low amount of hydrogen ions. They do not ionize easily and as fast as strong acids.Which form of energy can be connected closely to climate change?
hydroelectric
coal
solar
wind
Answer:
coal
Explanation:
Hope this helps please mark brainliest
The ability to exert a force that causes an item to move is what is meant by the definition of energy as the "power to accomplish work." Even though the definition is unclear, the meaning is clear: energy is simply the force that moves things. Potential energy and kinetic energy are the two categories of energy.
Which source of energy has a direct impact on climate change?Renewable energy is frequently cited as the most important shift the world can make to fend off the worst consequences of global warming. This is due to the fact that renewable energy sources like solar and wind don't produce greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming.
Wind, sunlight, bioenergy (organic matter burned as fuel), and hydroelectricity, including tidal energy, are a few examples of renewable energy sources.
The ability to exert a force that causes an object to move is what the definition of energy as "power to accomplish work" refers to. Despite the ambiguity of the definition, the meaning is clear: energy is simply the force that moves things. The two types of energy are potential energy and kinetic energy.
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step 2: work backwards and identify the structure of the nitrile that would give the carboxylic acid. the nitrile precursor is:
The structure of the nitrile that would give the carboxylic acid is a carbon atom triple bonded to a nitrogen atom and single bonded to an alkyl or aryl group. This structure is known as a nitrile group and is represented by the formula -C≡N. The nitrile precursor is the compound that contains this nitrile group and is used to synthesize the carboxylic acid.
For example, if the carboxylic acid is acetic acid (CH3COOH), then the nitrile precursor would be ethanenitrile (CH3CN). The nitrile group in ethanenitrile can be hydrolyzed to form the carboxylic acid group in acetic acid.
In general, the nitrile precursor for a carboxylic acid can be identified by removing the -COOH group from the carboxylic acid and replacing it with a -CN group. This will give the structure of the nitrile precursor that can be used to synthesize the carboxylic acid.
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Analysis of a 10. 150 g sample of a compound known to contain only phosphorus and oxygen indicates a phosphorus content 0f 4. 433 g. What is the empirical formula of this compound?.
The empirical formula of the 10.150 g sample compound which is known to only contain phosphorus and oxygen shows that the phosphorus content 0f 4.433 g is P₂O₅.
An empirical formula is a compound's chemical formula that only specifies the ratios of the elements it contains and not the precise number or arrangement of atoms.
An unidentified substance weighs 10.15 g.
Phosphorus weighs 4.433 g in total.
Hence, 10.15 - 4.433 = 5.717
The oxygen mass will be 5.717g.
Determine the moles.
Number of moles of oxygen = mass / molar mass
= 5.717 / 16
= 0.357
Number of moles of phosphorus = mass / molar mass
= 4.433 / 31
= 0.143
Divide the moles by the minimum number of mole:
⇒ 0.357 / 0.143
= 2.496
⇒ 0.143 / 0.143
= 1
Divide the moles by two:
⇒ 2.496 x 2 = 5
=1 x 2 = 2
So, the empirical formula is P₂O₅.
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a snow falls ln a cold after non is an example of
A snow is basically made up of individual ice crystals which grow during suspended in the atmosphere, usually within the cloud. The snow fall is an example of precipitation.
At what temperature snow fall?For the formation of snow, the temperature required at the level of air at which it form must be below or at freezing 32° F or 0°C. Snow falls with the warmer air and it ends up on the ground in the form of rain. Rain also falls in colder layers and end up in the form of sleet. We also have the freezing rain which starts off in a warmer layer and freezes when the surface layer of air is below or at freezing.
What is Precipitation?Precipitation is a type of water phase which dorm in the atmosphere and falls on the earth surface.
Types of precipitationRainHailSnowThus, we concluded that the snow falls ln a cold afternoon is an example of precipitation.
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A thermometer is taken from a room where the temperature is 24
∘
C to the outdoors, where the temperature is −11
∘
C. After one minute the thermometer reads 7
∘
C. (a) What will the reading on the thermometer be after 4 more minutes? (b) When will the thermometer read −10
∘
C ? minutes after it was taken to the outdoors.
The thermometer will read -10°C after about 2.43 minutes.
(a) After four more minutes, the thermometer will read -1°C.
This is because the temperature difference between the room and outdoors is (24 - (-11)) = 35°C.
The thermometer then rises 7°C in one minute, so the thermometer is heated at 7°C/minute, i.e. 35°C in five minutes.
So the temperature of the thermometer after 4 more minutes is 7°C + 7°C + 7°C + 7°C = 28°C, 28°C - 35°C = -7°C, -7°C - 3°C = -10°C.
Thus the reading on the thermometer will be -1°C after four more minutes.
(b) To find out when the thermometer will read -10°C, use the formula:
time = (temperature difference ÷ heating rate) + time to start
= (-10°C - 7°C) ÷ 7°C/minute + 1 minute
= -17°C ÷ 7°C/minute + 1 minute≈ -2.43 minutes
Thus, the thermometer will read -10°C after about 2.43 minutes.
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A grease fire started on the stove, it was then covered completely with a fire blanket so that the fire goes out. Identify the limiting reactant in this situation.
A.the grease
B.the blanket
C.the fire
D.oxygen
Oxygen, abbreviated O2, is the limiting reactant in this scenario. Limiting Reactor: The fire equation is O2 + Fuel = CO2 + H2O
How fire is exhausted?When a pile of leaves is set on fire and the fire is covered with a fire blanket to put it out, the blanket restricts the amount of oxygen the fire can access, which lowers the amount of oxygen present and lowers the amount of CO2 and H2O that can be created.
How can limiting reagents be discovered?By dividing the volume of each solution by its molarity, you can get the number of moles of each reactant. By dividing the number of moles of each reactant by its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation, you may determine which reactant is the limiting one.
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What makes the atomic radius change along a period in the periodic table?
A. More electrons in the valence shell make the radius bigger.
B. More protons in the nucleus pull the electrons in, making the
atomic radius smaller.
C. The increased atomic mass makes the atomic radius bigger.
D. More electrons pair in orbitals, making the atomic radius smaller.
Answer:B
Explanation:
proline is an unusal amino acid because its n atom on the alpha carbon is part of a five-membered ring
Proline is an unusual amino acid because its N atom on the alpha-carbon is part of a five-membered ring. Proline is an amino acid with a pyrrolidine ring in place of a typical amino group.
Proline's amino group is covalently bonded to its side chain and hence cyclized, whereas amino acids have a free amino group.Proline is unique in its behavior and biological roles due to its structure. When compared to other amino acids, the cyclic structure of proline creates severe structural limitations in polypeptides in which it occurs. The side chain of proline is bound to the alpha-amino group, resulting in a unique 5-membered ring structure and loss of the amino hydrogen atom, which reduces proline's ability to form H-bonds in proteins.
As a result, the α-carbon of proline forms a more limited set of dihedral angles than other amino acids, making it harder for proline residues to fit into the interior of protein structures. Because of its cyclic structure, it frequently destabilizes an alpha-helix and creates a kink in the polypeptide chain. Because of this unusual feature of proline, a long answer is required to explain why it is an unusual amino acid.
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495 kJ/mol, 467 kJ/mol, 146 kJ/mol
Which one is stronger? I have such a hard time with these. Why is one stronger than the rest?
Answer:
Strongest bonds and weakest bonds
According to BDE data, the strongest single bonds are Si−F bonds. The BDE for H3Si−F is 152 kcal/mol, almost 50% stronger than the H3C−F bond (110 kcal/mol). The BDE for F3Si−F is even larger, at 166 kcal/mol. i hope this helps!
ExplanationExplanationExplanation:
which combinations of elements would likely yield a compound of empirical formula x2y3 ?
Combinations of the elements B2O3 and P2O3 would probably result in a compound with the empirical formula x2y3.
How can one locate empirical formula?By: Calculating the molarity of each elements from its mass, empirical formulas are generated using empirically measured element masses. Obtaining subscripts for a possible empirical formula by dividing the molar amount of each element by its smallest molar amount.
An illustration of an empirical formula.The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. For every kilogram of carbon and oxygen, there are two moles of hydrogen present. CH2O is the experimental formula for glucose. Ribose has the formula CH2O as well as the chemical formula C5H10O5.
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Describe the sludge generation process and propose safe methods
of disposing it.
The sludge generation process refers to the production of sewage treatment residue during wastewater treatment. Sludge contains solid and semi-solid materials that must be handled and disposed of properly to protect human health and the environment.
The following are some methods for sewage disposal:
Wastewater Treatment: Initial treatment involves the physical removal of large solids, whereas secondary treatment uses biological processes to break down organic matter and remove dissolved pollutants.
Sludge Treatment: The separated sludge is under further treatment, which may include stabilization, dewatering, and, in some cases, additional processes to reduce contaminants.
Land Application: Treated sludge can be applied to agricultural land as a fertilizer or soil conditioner if it meets regulatory guidelines and has been properly treated.
Landfills: If sludge cannot be reused or recycled, it can be disposed of in a designated landfill that meets regulatory requirements, ensuring proper containment and preventing soil and water contamination.
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A student reads the statement shown.
"The force of gravity exerted on an object decreases as the distance between the objects increases."
Using this statement, what inference can the student make regarding the movement of the planets around the Sun?
A. The orbital speeds of larger planets will be faster than smaller planets.
B. The orbital speeds of gaseous planets will be faster than rocky planets.
C. The orbital speeds of planets closer to the Sun will be faster than planets farther away.
D. The orbital speeds of planets with smoother surfaces will be faster than planets with rougher surfaces.
Answer: C. The orbital speeds of planets closer to the Sun will be faster than planets farther away.
Explanation:
Centripetal force = gravitational force
\(\tt m\dfrac{v^2}{r}=Fg\)
\(\tt Fg=G\dfrac{M.m}{r^2}\)
Fg inversely proportional to distances (r)
\(\tt v^2=\dfrac{Fg.r}{m}\)
because the value of the gravitational force is getting smaller as the distance is getting further from the sun, the orbital speed of the planet will be getting smaller
why is each element unique and different from other elements in chemical properties?
Each element is unique and different from other elements in chemical properties because of the number of protons in its nucleus and the distribution of electrons in its shells or orbitals.
The number of protons in the nucleus of an element defines its atomic number and gives each element a unique identity. The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. The number of neutrons can change to form isotopes of the same element, but this does not affect its chemical properties.The distribution of electrons in the shells or orbitals surrounding the nucleus of an atom is another factor that determines its chemical properties. The electrons in the outermost shell or valence electrons are responsible for the chemical behavior of an element. Elements with similar valence electron configurations tend to have similar chemical properties.
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2. C + S → CS2
Reaction Type:
Discuss FOUR ways in which one's acceptance of responsibility can influence
effective communication
4x2
Answer:
being responsible is owing up to the possible
consequences of your decision whether it was right or wrong.
communication is a two way process in which there is a messenger and receiver
one of the ways by which a person could be responsible is by saying 'I'
in all the things he would say, instead of 'we'
for example , " We don't like the way you acted a while ago " , change it to i don't like tye way you acted a while ago.
here u r establishing ownership on the things you want to say to the person
Acceptance of Responsibility creates more rapport, increases teamwork, increases honesty, and makes each party look at things from a position of rationality and mutual understanding.
What is Acceptance of Responsibility?When a person accepts responsibility for their actions and or tasks or their work or their organization, it means that they have elected to become more accountable, looking at things from what they can do to help achieve the collective goal rather than their personal aspirations.
This reduces conflict as most conflicts are borne out of self-interests.
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Why do elements in the same group on the periodic table have similar
properties?
Answer:
because they possess the same number of electron at their outermost shell
What is the pressure of 1.45 moles of an ideal gas in a 3.23-liter container at 95 oC?
Therefore, the pressure of 1.45 moles of an ideal gas in a 3.23-liter container at 95°C is 6.84 atm.
What is pressure?The force exerted per unit area is measured as pressure. It is a physical quantity that describes the intensity of a force applied to a surface. It is defined as the amount of force applied to an item or material divided by the area across which the force is exerted. Pressure is measured in several units, including pascals (Pa), pounds per square inch (psi), atmospheres (atm), and torr. In ordinary life, the most common measure of pressure is probably psi or atm, although in scientific situations, the SI unit pascal is frequently employed. Pressure is a fundamental concept in many branches of science and engineering.
Here,
To solve this problem, we can use the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of an ideal gas:
PV = nRT
where R is the gas constant.
We can rearrange the formula to solve for pressure:
P = nRT/V
We are given the number of moles of gas (n = 1.45 mol), the volume of the container (V = 3.23 L), and the temperature (T = 95°C + 273.15 = 368.15 K). The gas constant R is 0.08206 L⋅atm/(mol⋅K).
Substituting the values into the formula, we get:
P = (1.45 mol) * (0.08206 L⋅atm/(mol⋅K)) * (368.15 K) / (3.23 L)
P = 6.84 atm
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a. calculate the molarity and normality of a 140.0 mg/l solution of h2so4; find the concentration of the same solution in units of ""mg/l as caco3"".
1 L of the acid solution contains 142.85 mg of CaCO3.
Given, mass of H2SO4 = 140 mg / L
The molecular weight of H2SO4 = 98g / mol
Molarity = mass of H2SO4 / molecular weight of H2SO4 = 140/98 = 1.4285
Normality = Molarity x n factor n factor for H2SO4 = 2Molarity = 1.4285
Normality = 2 x 1.4285 = 2.857 mg / mL1 mol of H2SO4 = 98 g
Hence, 1 ml of H2SO4 = 98/1000 = 0.098gCaCO3 has a molecular weight of 100 g. Therefore, 1 mole of CaCO3 has a mass of 100 g. According to this, 1 mole of CaCO3 reacts with 2 moles of H2SO4.
The normality of the acid is 2.857.
Hence, 1 L of the acid will have 2.857 moles of H2SO4.To calculate the concentration in mg/L of the acid in terms of CaCO3, we need to first find the number of moles of CaCO3 that can be reacted with 2.857 moles of H2SO4.2 moles of H2SO4 react with 1 mole of CaCO3.Therefore, 2.857 moles of H2SO4 will react with:
1 mole of CaCO3/2 moles of H2SO4 = 1.4285 moles of CaCO3In 1 L of the acid, there are 1.4285 moles of CaCO3.The mass of 1.4285 moles of CaCO3 = 1.4285 x 100 = 142.85 g / L
Therefore, 1 L of the acid solution contains 142.85 mg of CaCO3.
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1. define mixtures with examples.
2. mentions the types of mixtures, define them and give 2 examples for each (Include colloids and suspensions too).
1) Mixtures involves substances that are mixed together.
2) Colloids , suspensions and solutions are types of mixtures.
What is a mixture?We know that the term mixture can be used to describe any two substances that are not chemically combined together. In other words, the term mixture has to do with the putting together of substances that would not lead to any change in the individual properties of the substances that have been mixed together. Two common examples of mixtures are blood and air.
There are various types of mixtures that we have and these include;
Solutions: A solution is a mixture because there is no interaction that is going on chemically between the solute and the solvent.
Colloid: A colloid is a kind of mixture that is made up solutes that can still be seen with the optical eye. That is, the solutes are still large enough
Suspension: A suspension is a kind of mixture in which a solute is scattered in the solvent.
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Although almost 80% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas, most living things
don't have the enzymes necessary to use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. How
we obtain the nitrogen we need to make proteins and DNA if we can't obtain it from
breathing?
Answer:
We don’t have the enzymes necessary to remove nitrogen from the atmosphere; we get our nitrogen from the food we eat. ^^
Although almost 80% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas, most living things don't have the enzymes necessary to use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. We obtain the nitrogen we need to make proteins and DNA, if we can't obtain it from breathing we can get it by eating organic plants and animals.
Why is Nitrogen important for humans?Nitrogen is a key element in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, which are the most important of all biological molecules and crucial for all living things. DNA carries the genetic information, which means the instructions for how to make up a life form.
It is used to make amino acids in our body which in turn make proteins. The human body comprises 3% nitrogen (by mass). It is an essential part of amino acids (makeup proteins), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), ATP (energy molecule), etc. It is nearly impossible to live without nitrogen.
Therefore, Although almost 80% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas, most living things don't have the enzymes necessary to use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. We obtain the nitrogen we need to make proteins and DNA, if we can't obtain it from breathing we can get it by eating organic plants and animals.
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10m/s for 30 seconds
Answer:
300 meters for 30 seconds
Explanation:
10*30= 300 therefore giving you your answer.
Vote brainliest!
Select the correct answer.
Which unit is used for measuring atomic mass?
AMU-aka
Atomic mass unit
Answer:
The unit of Atomic mass is "amu"
Explanation:
Atomic mass unit
how are the earth and moon alike
Answer:
they both revolve or rotate around something
Explanation:
The earth revolves around the sun and the moon rotates around the earth.
aspirin is a substance that is commonly used as a pain reliever. classify each of the following properties of aspirin as chemical or physical.
Aspirin is a chemical compound commonly used as a pain reliever. Here's how we can classify each of its properties as chemical or physical: Physical properties: Physical properties are those properties that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Aspirin is a chemical compound commonly used as a pain reliever. Here's how we can classify each of its properties as chemical or physical: Physical properties: Physical properties are those properties that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
1. Melting point and boiling point: Aspirin has a melting point of 136°C and a boiling point of 140°C. It is a white crystalline powder that is insoluble in water. These properties are physical.
2. Solubility: Aspirin is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and acetone, but it is practically insoluble in water. This property is physical.
Chemical properties: Chemical properties are those properties that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance.
1. Reactivity with acids and bases: Aspirin reacts with bases to form a salt and water. It does not react with acids. This property is chemical.
2. Hydrolysis: Aspirin undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of moisture to form salicylic acid and acetic acid. This property is chemical.
3. Acetylation: Aspirin is synthesized by acetylation of salicylic acid. This property is chemical.
In conclusion, the physical properties of aspirin include its melting and boiling point, as well as its solubility. Its chemical properties include its reactivity with bases, hydrolysis, and acetylation.
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assuming 100 issociation, calculate the freezing point ( ftf ) and boiling point ( btb ) of 1.83 na2so4(aq)1.83 m na2so4(aq) .
The boiling point of 1.83 M \(Na_2SO_4\)(aq) assuming 100% association is:
btb = 100°C + ΔTb = 100°C + 9.38°C = 109.38°C
Assuming 100% association, we can calculate the freezing point and boiling point of 1.83 M\(Na_2SO_4\)(aq) as follows:
First, we need to determine the van't Hoff factor (i) for \(Na_2SO_4\). The van't Hoff factor is the number of particles that one mole of a substance will produce in solution. For \(Na_2SO_4\), the van't Hoff factor is 3 because each mole of\(Na_2SO_4\) produces three ions (2 Na+ and 1 \(SO_4^2^-\)).
Next, we can use the formula for calculating the freezing point depression:
Δ\(T_f\)= \(K_f\) × i × molality
where \(K_f\) is the freezing point depression constant (1.86 °C/m for water), i is the van't Hoff factor, and molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
For 1.83 M \(Na_2SO_4\)(aq), the molality is calculated as follows:
molality = (1.83 mol Na2SO4 / 0.1 kg H2O) / i
molality = (1.83 mol / 0.1 kg) / 3
molality = 6.1 mol/kg
Substituting into the formula, we get:
Δ\(T_f\)= 1.86 °C/m × 3 × 6.1 mol/kg
Δ\(T_f\)= 34.0 °C
Therefore, the freezing point of 1.83 M \(Na_2SO_4\)(aq) assuming 100% association is:
f\(t_f\) = 0°C - Δ\(T_f\) = 0°C - 34.0°C = -34.0°C
To calculate the boiling point elevation, we use a similar formula:
Δ\(T_b = K_b\) × i × molality
where \(K_b\) is the boiling point elevation constant (0.512°C/m for water).
For 1.83 M \(Na_2SO_4\)(aq), the molality is still 6.1 mol/kg, so we get:
Δ\(T_b\) = 0.512°C/m × 3 × 6.1 mol/kg
Δ\(T_b\) = 9.38°C
Therefore, the boiling point of 1.83 M \(Na_2SO_4\)(aq) assuming 100% association is:
b\(t_b\) = 100°C + Δ\(T_b\) = 100°C + 9.38°C = 109.38°C
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