Ethanolic fermentation is used in making beverages such as beer, wine, and pulque. It is carried out by yeast and ...
A) clostridium.
B) zymomonas.
C) leuconostoc.
D) lactobacillus.
E) propionibacterium.

The decay of a free (not in a nucleus) neutron results in the following particles:

1. Proton: A neutron decays into a proton, which is a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

2. Electron: During the decay process, an electron is also emitted. This electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle and is often referred to as a beta particle (β-).

The decay process of a neutron can be represented as follows:

neutron → proton + electron + antineutrino

So, the resulting particles of the decay of a free neutron are a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino.

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Magnesium chloride crystals can be formed by reacting an insoluble base with an acid. The reaction can be represented by the following equation:

In this reaction, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) is the insoluble base and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is the acid. When these two substances react, they produce magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and water (H₂O).

The magnesium chloride formed in this reaction is in the form of crystals. The crystals form because the reaction produces an excess of ions, which then attract to each other and form a lattice-like structure. This is known as crystallization. The magnesium chloride crystals are colorless and have a salty taste.

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This type of irony called situational irony occurs when the expected outcome of a situation is completely opposite of what actually happens.

It is an unexpected twist of fate, where the actual outcome is in direct conflict with what was originally intended or expected. This type of irony is often used in literature to create suspense and humor, as the audience is often shocked and surprised by the unexpected ending.

Situational irony can also be used to highlight a greater theme or message in a story, such as the idea that life can be unpredictable and that sometimes the outcome of a situation is completely unexpected.

This type of irony is also often used in comedy, as the audience is taken by surprise when a joke is turned on its head and the expected outcome does not happen.

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The molar concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar is 0.611M

Molar concentration is the most convenient method of expressing the concentration of a solute in the given solution. Molarity is the number of moles of the solute dissolved per liter of the solution.

Thus M = mol per L.

All mole calculations will determine the amount in moles of the solution, for which it is the molar concentration.

Given,

Concentration of NaOH = 0.1906M

Volume of NaOH = 32.1 ml

Volume of acetic acid = 10 ml

During neutralization, the number of moles of acid is the same as the number of moles of base.

concentration of NaOH × Volume = Concentration of acetic acid × volume

0.1906 × 32.1 = Concentration of acetic acid × 10

Concentration of acetic acid = 0.611 M

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Answer:

59.46 g

Explanation:

To answer this question, the molecular weight of ammonium sulfate must be computed.  To accomplish this, the weights of the individual elements must be noted.
N=14.01\(\frac{g}{mol}\)

H=1.01\(\frac{g}{mol}\)

S=32.07\(\frac{g}{mol}\)

O=16.00\(\frac{g}{mol}\)

To compute the molecular weight:

\(2[14.01\frac{g}{mol}+4(1.01\frac{g}{mol})]+32.07\frac{g}{mol}+4(16.00\frac{g}{mol})=132.14\frac{g}{mol}\)

To calculate the mass:

\(0.45 mol(\frac{132.14g}{1mol})=59.463g\)

The first term (a₁) of the geometric sequence can be calculated as 20.

In a geometric sequence, each term is found by multiplying the previous term by a constant ratio. The formula to find the sum of the first n terms (Sn) of a geometric sequence is given by:

Sn = a₁ * (1 - rⁿ) / (1 - r)

where a₁ is the first term, r is the common ratio, and n is the number of terms.

In this case, we are given that d (common difference) is 6 and s8 (sum of the first 8 terms) is 440. To find the first term a₁, we need to manipulate the sum formula.

Using the formula for the sum of the first 8 terms, we can write:

440 = a₁ * (1 - r⁸) / (1 - r)

We are not given the common ratio directly, but we can derive it using the common difference (d). In a geometric sequence, the common ratio (r) is found by taking the dth root of 1, where d is the common difference. In this case, r = √1 = 1.

Now, substituting r = 1 in the sum formula, we have:

440 = a₁ * (1 - 1⁸) / (1 - 1)

440 = a₁ * 0 / 0

Since we have 0/0, it means the equation is indeterminate, and any value of a₁ can satisfy the equation. Therefore, there is no unique solution for the first term (a₁).

Therefore, the initial term (a₁) of the geometric sequence can be determined as 20.

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Answer:

At -20°C the mercury state will be liquid

Explanation:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from solid state to a liquid state, and the boiling point is the temperature at which it changes from liquid state to a gaseous state.

If mercury melts at -39°C and boils at 356.9°C, it means that if the temperature is lower than -39°C, mercury will remain al solid state. Between -39°C and 356.9°C, the state of mercury will be liquid and, above 356.9°C mercury will remain at gaseous state.

So, at -20°C the mercury state will be liquid, because that temperature it is between -39°C and 356.9°C.

Answer:

The correct option is D

Explanation:

Water molecules are polar because there structures are made up two sides; the positively charged side (the hydrogen side) and the negatively charged side (the oxygen side). The atoms in the water molecule are joined together by covalent bond - meaning there is sharing of electrons between the constituent atoms. The oxygen atom is bigger/larger (in size) and has a higher electronegativity (ability to attract electrons) hence, the electrons tend to spend more time around the oxygen than the hydrogen atom.

The percent yield will be 95.75%

Mass of copper = 0.3295 g

Mass of filter paper + copper (II) oxide = 0.5723

Mass of filter paper only = 0.2568

Mass of copper (II) oxide = 0.5723 - 0.2568 = 0.3155

Percent yield = yield/total x 100%

                      = 0.3155/0.3295 x 100% = 95.75%

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Tiana is developing a chemical additive to be used in swimming pools.

Chemical additives are substances added to products to alter or improve their performance. They are used in a wide range of consumer products and industrial processes for a variety of purposes including improving shelf-life, enhancing flavor, or increasing the efficiency of a process. Common examples of chemical additives are preservatives, colorants, emulsifiers, antioxidants, stabilizers, and thickeners.

This additive is designed to help keep the pool clean and sanitary, by removing bacteria and other contaminants from the water. The additive is also designed to help balance the pH of the pool water, to ensure that it is safe for swimming and does not irritate swimmers' skin or eyes. The chemical additive must also be safe to use, and must not cause any adverse reactions in swimmers. Tiana's work involves testing different chemical compounds to find the most effective and safe additive for pool water.

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The fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

Fugacity is a measure of the escaping tendency of a component in a mixture, which is defined as the pressure that the component would have if it obeyed ideal gas laws. It is used as a correction factor in the calculation of equilibrium constants and thermodynamic properties such as chemical potential. Here we need to determine the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm and the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm. So, using the formula of fugacity: f = P.exp(Δu/RT) Where P is the pressure of the system, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature of the system, Δu is the change in chemical potential of the system.  Δu = RT ln (f / P)The chemical potential at the initial state can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as: PV = nRT    

=>  P

= nRT/V

=> 20.4 atm

= nRT/V

=> n/V

= 20.4/RT The chemical potential of the system at the initial state is:

Δu1 = RT ln (f/P)

= RT ln (f/20.4) Also, we know that for a pure substance,

Δu = Δg. So,

Δg1 = Δu1 The change in pressure is 24 atm – 20.4 atm

= 3.6 atm At the second state, the pressure is 24 atm.

Using the ideal gas equation, n/V = 24/RT The chemical potential of the system at the second state is: Δu2 = RT ln (f/24) = RT ln (f/24) The change in chemical potential is Δu2 – Δu1 The change in chemical potential is

Δu2 – Δu1 = RT ln (f/24) – RT ln (f/20.4)

= RT ln [(f/24)/(f/20.4)]

= RT ln (20.4/24)

= - 0.0911 RT Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is:

f = P.exp(Δu/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δu1/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT) And, the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT. Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

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Answer:

A. 2.8dm³

B.2.8dm³

this are the answers, the calculation is shown in the attachment

When potassium chloride is exposed to a flame, the light given off is the result of atomic emission.

When a compound is heated, the energy is absorbed by the atoms or ions in the compound, causing them to become excited and jump to higher energy levels. As the atoms or ions return to their original energy levels, they release the excess energy in the form of light. This phenomenon is known as atomic emission.

In the case of potassium chloride, the energy absorbed by the atoms causes them to emit light in the visible spectrum, which produces a characteristic violet color. This process is commonly used in flame tests to identify the presence of specific elements or ions in a sample.

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Answer:

pH = 2 and pOH = 12

Explanation:

Given [OH⁻] = 1 x 10⁻¹²M

pOH = -log[OH⁻] = -log(1 x 10⁻¹²) = - ( -12 ) = 12

pH + pOH = 14 => pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 12 = 2

Answer: Option B; It traps light energy and converts it into chemical energy.

Answer:

False

Explanation:

The mole fraction of NH3 in the solution prepared by dissolving 15.0 g of nh3 in 250.0 g of water is 0.0597.

To find the mole fraction of NH3 in the solution, we need to first calculate the moles of NH3 and water in the solution.

The moles of NH3 can be found by dividing the mass of NH3 by its molar mass:
moles of NH3 = 15.0 g / 17.03 g/mol = 0.881 mol

The moles of water can be found by dividing the mass of water by its molar mass:
moles of water = 250.0 g / 18.02 g/mol = 13.874 mol

The total moles of solute and solvent in the solution are:
total moles = moles of NH3 + moles of water = 0.881 mol + 13.874 mol = 14.755 mol

The mole fraction of NH3 can now be calculated as the ratio of moles of NH3 to total moles:
mole fraction of NH3 = moles of NH3 / total moles = 0.881 mol / 14.755 mol = 0.0597

Therefore, the mole fraction of NH3 in the solution is 0.0597.

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Answer:

selenium, fluorine and neon

Explanation:

the less valence electrons an element has, the more reactive.

selenium has 6 valence electrons

fluorine has 7 valence electrons

neon has 8 valence electrons

So, it is ordered from the least number of valence electrons to the most

In situ polymerization refers to a process where a polymer is synthesized directly within a matrix or solution, rather than being formed and then incorporated into the matrix. In the case of polyamide 66 nanocomposites, the in situ polymerization is achieved using interfacial polycondensation.

Interfacial polycondensation involves the reaction between two or more monomers at an interface, typically between an organic phase and an aqueous phase. In the case of polyamide 66, it involves the condensation reaction between diamine monomers and diacid chloride monomers.This study focuses on the co-synthesis of silica nanocomposites using sol-gel chemistry. Sol-gel chemistry is a versatile method that allows for the synthesis of inorganic materials, such as silica, from precursor solutions (sols) that undergo hydrolysis and condensation reactions.The combination of in situ polymerization of polyamide 66 and the incorporation of silica nanoparticles through sol-gel chemistry results in the formation of polyamide 66 nanocomposites with enhanced properties, such as improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, and barrier properties.This research provides insights into the synthesis and characterization of polyamide 66 nanocomposites with incorporated silica nanoparticles, which have potential applications in various fields, including automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries.

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Paramecia are examples of unicellular organisms. They are protists.

Protists are eukaryotic unicellular (single-celled) organisms that do not fit into any other category.

Paramecia are protists microorganisms generally found in aquatic habitats (e.g., a pond).

Paramecia generally have an oblong shape and they are covered with tiny structures known as cilia (for motion).

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Answer:

Evaporation

Explanation:

Heat makes molecules move and eventually evaporate.

Answer:

atom

Explanation:

A compound is atoms combined (or something combined) and a speck of dust is visible unlike the other two

Answer:

Atom

Explanation:

It would be the atom

(IR) spectroscopy analyses a sample using infrared radiation. nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy makes use of the spin states of protons and, to a lesser degree, other nuclei.

what is spectroscopy-infrared (ir) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy?

As the name suggests, infrared (IR) spectroscopy analyses a sample using infrared radiation, which is a range of frequencies below the visible spectrum. However, IR spectroscopy works with wavenumbers as opposed to describing the light in terms of frequencies (the reciprocal of wavelength).

In order to identify a molecule, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy makes use of the spin states of protons and, to a lesser degree, other nuclei. The two spin quantum states that we identified as +1/2 and -1/2 for electrons are possible.

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Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arranged differently of the atoms.

For example

So even if they have the same proportion of their atoms, the chemical identity is different

The answer is option B: no because more than one compound can have the same ratio of masses of elements if the atoms are arranged differently.

Answer:

Salt and water is produced.

For example:-

NaOH(base)+HCl(Acid)=>NaCl(salt)+H20(water)

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Answer:

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There will be 3 H NMR signals for 2-chloro-3-methyl-2-butene.

The variety of protons present in a molecule is represented by the number of NMR signals. The illustration we used to explain NMR spectroscopy is as follows: Five signals on the spectrum signify five different types of protons. can be calculated simply by counting the number of unique hydrogens on one side of the symmetry plane. Nuclear magnetic resonance is used in proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, proton NMR, or hydrogen-1 NMR), which uses hydrogen-1 nuclei within a substance's molecules to determine the structure of those molecules. Using NMR technique one can analyze the molecular structure of a molecule by observing the nuclear spins in electric field.

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