Explain why implementing synchronization primitives by disabling interrupts is not appropriate in a single-processor system if the synchronization primitives are to be used in user-level programs. (20pt)
Answers
Disabling interrupts is not appropriate for implementing synchronization primitives in a single-processor system if they are to be used in user-level programs because it can lead to poor system performance and potential deadlock situations.
When interrupts are disabled, the processor cannot respond to hardware events or other interrupts until the synchronization operation is complete, which can result in delays and decreased system responsiveness. This can be particularly problematic in user-level programs, which are typically more interactive and require faster response times than system-level programs.
In addition to performance issues, disabling interrupts can also create potential deadlock situations where two or more processes are waiting for each other to release a shared resource. Since interrupts are disabled, there is no way for the system to preempt a process that is holding a resource indefinitely, leading to a situation where all processes are blocked and the system becomes unresponsive.
To avoid these issues, synchronization primitives in user-level programs should use other mechanisms such as semaphores, mutexes, or monitors, which are designed to provide synchronization without requiring the disabling of interrupts. These mechanisms allow multiple processes to access shared resources while avoiding conflicts and ensuring that all processes can proceed as needed. Overall, the use of appropriate synchronization primitives is critical for ensuring proper system performance and avoiding potential issues in single-processor systems.
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Related Questions
True or false: The centos linux os has very short release cycles and does not support any form of long release cycles.
Answers
False. CentOS Linux historically had long release cycles and supported long-term release versions. However, recent
changes in the CentOS project have introduced a shift in its release and support model.
In the past, CentOS Linux, which is based on the source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), followed a release
cycle aligned with major RHEL releases. These CentOS versions provided long-term support and stability, typically
lasting for around 10 years. This approach made CentOS a popular choice for users who sought a free, community-
supported alternative to RHEL with extended support periods.
However, starting with CentOS 8, the CentOS project underwent significant changes. In December 2020, CentOS
announced that CentOS 8 would be discontinued earlier than expected. Instead, CentOS Stream was introduced as
the upstream for future RHEL releases. CentOS Stream follows a rolling-release model, where updates and new
features are delivered more frequently than in the traditional CentOS releases.
This shift has resulted in a departure from the long release cycles associated with CentOS. With CentOS Stream, the
focus is on providing a continuous delivery of updates and improvements to the software. While CentOS Stream still
receives support, the lifecycle for each specific version may be shorter compared to the previous CentOS releases.
Therefore, the statement that CentOS Linux has very short release cycles and does not support any form of long
release cycles is false. While CentOS did have long release cycles in the past, recent changes have introduced a shift
towards a rolling-release model with CentOS Stream.
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the replacement policy that treats the page frames allocated to a process as a circular buffer is called
Answers
The replacement policy that treats the page frames allocated to a process as a circular buffer is called the Circular Page Replacement Policy.
This policy is also referred to as the Clock Replacement Algorithm or Second Chance Algorithm. In this policy, the frames allocated to a process are treated as a circular buffer, meaning that the frames are organized in a circular fashion, and the process can access the frames in a sequential order. When a page fault occurs, the algorithm looks at the frames in a circular manner and selects the first frame that is marked as unused or has a second chance. If all frames have been recently accessed or given a second chance, the algorithm starts again from the beginning of the circular buffer.
This policy is used in virtual memory management to optimize the usage of physical memory by replacing the least recently used pages with the new pages. It is an efficient replacement policy as it takes into account the recent usage of pages, ensuring that frequently accessed pages remain in memory while infrequently accessed pages are replaced. In conclusion, the Circular Page Replacement Policy is a widely used replacement policy that treats page frames allocated to a process as a circular buffer. This policy is efficient and helps to optimize the usage of physical memory.
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Samiyah is playing a game that mainly uses black and gray colors. What mood is most likely being portrayed?
A.
joy and happiness
B.
energy and strength
C.
anger and violence
D.
fear and horror
Answers
Answer: D
Explanation:if u want to go into details we can but its the answer trust me
Data values in a program are held in _________. a data types b names c variables d lockers
Answers
Answer:
Answered below
Explanation:
Data values in a program are held in variables. Variables are like containers for holding different types of data. A variable can be identified depending on the kind of data it holds. Variables can hold data types of integers, strings, arrays, lists, sets, Boolean etc. They hold unique data types and a can not hold different data types. Different rules exist for naming variables in different programming languages. A variable name should start with lowercase letters and be descriptive of the data it holds.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of top-down and bottom-up programming? How would you decide which one to use? Do you approach problems in your real life from a bottom-up or top-down approach?
Answers
Answer:
Question: What are the advantages and disadvantages of top-down and bottom-up programming?
Answer:
Top-down programming is a process of writing programming codes that contain specific instructions for a computer to carry out the instructed task. Usually, Top-down programming comes as software that enables the division of problems that are initially complex into simpler parts. An example is a kind of software developed to give loans to worthy clients. The software may be broken down further to check the bank statements of the client, calculate the earning and spending capacity of the client, Amount paid on utilities.
Advantages of Top-down programming:
1. Top-down programming makes teamwork possible as a system is divided into sub-systems which individuals can handle separately before merging the sub-systems together.
2. Checks and testing become easy.
Disadvantages of Top-down programming:
1. Breaking systems into parts may be time-consuming as there is a need for more planning before working on individual sub-systems.
2. Error could be possible.
Bottom-up programming is a software of a method of design which is opposite to what the top-down programming does as the bottom-up programming works on the sub-systems first and then combine later into a bigger system. This makes use of the existing resources with the aim of generating a bigger result.
Advantages of Bottom-up programming:
1. Adaptability - Bottom-up programming makes adaptability easier.
2. When used in a company it gives all workers the room to make a contribution towards achieving bigger results, improving operations generally.
3. It makes one start a bigger project with the available resources.
Disadvantages of Bottom-up programming:
1. Result could be affected as some workers lack the needed experience to execute some tasks successfully.
2. Lack of desired unity among workers with differences in objectives resulting to endangering the result.
Question: How would you decide which one to use?
Answer:
It depends on the picture of how the result would look like, the goal of the organization employing it, the skill-set among workers available to do the task, the nature of the task. If a larger goal is to be achieved, smaller sub-systems could be used and joined at the end to get a system meaning bottom-up programming would be used. In cases for instance where output is to be determined for instance staff salaries, the output would be broken into simpler units to allow solutions for separate units then we could use top-down programming.
Question: Do you approach problems in your real life from a bottom-up or top-down approach?
Answer:
I approach problems from a top-down approach because it allows checks and testing easy, and the act of breaking systems into sub-systems makes it easy for me to approach each sub-system with a result-oriented plan.
Answer:
Some advantages of top-down are that you can start off from what you know and figure out what you need to complete it, the advantage to bottom-up is that you can make something new . if you are starting something from scratch and you don't know what the end goal might be you would use bottom-up but if you already have an idea or the final product of what you want you would go with the top-down approach.
Hope this helpedHave a great day!Question 9 of 10
Listening to the audience refers to what in the context of slide presentations?
OA. This concept refers to the ability to tell how much the audience
likes the topic.
OB. This concept refers to the ability to field questions from the
audience.
OC. This concept refers to the ability to predict an audience's reaction
to material.
Answers
Answer:
None of the options provided accurately describe what "listening to the audience" means in the context of slide presentations.
In this context, "listening to the audience" means paying attention to their body language, facial expressions, and verbal cues to gauge their level of interest and engagement with the presentation. It involves being aware of how the audience is responding to the material being presented, and making adjustments to the delivery or content of the presentation as needed to better engage and connect with the audience.
excel functions are prebuilt formulas within excel.
Answers
Formulas are mathematical equations that integrate cell references, excel values, and operators to compute results. It is not necessary to write the underlying formula when using functions because they are prebuilt formulas that can be rapidly fed values.
What do Excel's functions and formulas mean?Functions are pre-written formulas that perform calculations using specific variables, also known as inputs, in a predetermined order or structure. Functions can be used to do calculations of any complexity. The Formulas tab on the Ribbon contains the syntax for all of Excel's functions.
What is the name of the pre-written formulas in Excel?An already written formula is a function. A function performs an operation on a value (or values), then returns a new value (or values.)
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Why is a positive attitude towards work important
Answers
Answer:
it lets you get more work done
Explanation:
when you have a positive work attitude you want to do more stuff, and when it's bad you won't want to do anything
A Card class has been defined with the following data fields. Notice that the rank of a Card only includes the values from Ace - 10 (face cards have been removed):
class Card {
private int rank; // values Ace (1) to 10
private int suit; // club - 0, diamond - 1, heart - 2, spade - 3
public Card(int rank, int suit) {
this.rank = rank;
this.suit = suit;
}
}
A deck of cards has been defined with the following array:
Card[] cards = new Card[40];
Which of the following for loops will populate cards so there is a Card object of each suit and rank (e.g: an ace of clubs, and ace of diamonds, an ace of hearts, an ace of spades, a 1 of clubs, etc)?
Note: This question is best answered after completion of the programming practice activity for this section.
a
int index = 0;
for (int suit = 1; suit < = 10; suit++) {
for (int rank = 0; rank < = 3; rank++) {
cards[index] = new Card (rank, suit);
index++;
}
}
b
int index = 0;
for (int suit = 0; suit < = 4; suit++) {
for (int rank = 0; rank < = 10; rank++) {
cards[index] = new Card (rank, suit);
index++;
}
}
c
int index = 0;
for (int rank = 1; rank <= 10; rank++) {
for (int suit = 0; suit <= 3; suit++) {
cards[index] = new Card (rank, suit);
index++;
}
d
int index = 0;
for (int suit = 0; suit < = 3; suit++) {
for (int rank = 1; rank < 10; rank++) {
cards[index] = new Card (rank, suit);
index++;
}
}
Answers
Answer: b
Explanation: i did this one!!!!!!!!!!
_______ is any data or instructions that are used by a computer.
Select one:
a. Digital
b. Output
c. Information
d. Input
Answers
d. Input is any data or instructions that are used by a computer. When a user enters data or sends a command to a computer.
The computer interprets the information and carries out the desired action, if possible. A computer input device is any hardware used to send data or instructions to a computer. Some of the most common examples include a mouse, keyboard, scanner, and microphone. A mouse is a device that can be used to control a cursor on the computer screen. A keyboard is used to type information into a computer. A scanner can be used to digitize printed materials such as photographs or documents. A microphone is used to record sound waves and convert them into digital data that can be used by a computer. There are many other input devices available for computers, including touchscreens, joysticks, and digital cameras. All of these devices play a crucial role in allowing users to communicate with and control their computers. They also help to ensure that computers can process data and perform calculations quickly and accurately.
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Using MATLAB write a function named frequency() that finds how many times a user chosen character exists in a given array of characters. Then use a main program that enters a character from the user and reports back the frequency of it (how many of it) in the array. Show your result for character 'e' in the following array x. x = "I understand that I am required to provide the text of my codes, not their pictures, neither their pdf versions. I also understand that for the results, I will do my best to provide a text version of the results, and if I cannot, then I will provide a picture of it, so help me god"
Answers
In this case, the character 'e' appears 19 times in the array. An example of how you can write the frequency() function in MATLAB to find the frequency of a user-chosen character in a given array of characters:
matlab
Copy code
function freq = frequency(arr, ch)
freq = sum(arr == ch);
end
In this function, arr is the array of characters, and ch is the character for which you want to find the frequency. The function uses the sum() function along with a logical comparison arr == ch to count the occurrences of the character ch in the array arr.
Now, let's write a main program that prompts the user to enter a character and reports back the frequency of that character in the array:
matlab
Copy code
% Main program
x = "I understand that I am required to provide the text of my codes, not their pictures, neither their pdf versions. I also understand that for the results, I will do my best to provide a text version of the results, and if I cannot, then I will provide a picture of it, so help me god";
% Prompt user for a character
userChar = input('Enter a character: ', 's');
% Call the frequency function
freq = frequency(x, userChar);
% Display the frequency
disp(['Frequency of "', userChar, '" in the array: ', num2str(freq)]);
In this main program, we first define the given array x. Then, we prompt the user to enter a character using the input() function with the 's' option to read it as a string. Next, we call the frequency() function to find the frequency of the user's character in the array x. Finally, we display the frequency using the disp() function.
When you run the main program and enter the character 'e', it will output the frequency of 'e' in the given array:
sql
Copy code
Enter a character: e
Frequency of "e" in the array: 19
In this case, the character 'e' appears 19 times in the array.
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What is the benefit of using MS Excel over the manual logbook?
Answers
Answer:
The advantages of Excel are wide and varied; here are the main advantages: Easy and effective comparisons: With the powerful analytical tools included within Microsoft Excel, you have the ability to analyze large amounts of data to discover trends and patterns that will influence decisions.
i am sorry if i give wrong ans i am only 13 years old and read at 7
the essential idea behind digital cite zen shop is that ____.
Answers
Answer:
"Digital Citizenship is the status that all online users should own including students. With this citizenship comes freedoms and responsibilities which should be understood in their entirety. Similar to the real world citizens, online users have to follow the rules and try to make use of all its benefits safely"
Explanation:
Made from fruit juice, water and sugar, The American version contains milk and cream and sometimes egg white
Answers
Answer:
ok what is the question supposed to be ?
Edit : nvm i got what you were saying ...
Sherbet and Ices – made from fruit juices, water and sugar. American sherbet contains milk and cream and sometimes egg white.
Nelson’s Hardware Store stocks a 19.2-volt cordless drill that is a popular seller. The annual demand is 5,000 units, the ordering cost is $15, and the inventory holding cost is $4/unit/year
What is the economic order quantity?
What is the total annual cost for this inventory item?
Answers
The total annual cost for Nelson's Hardware Store's cordless drill inventory item is approximately $774.60.
To determine the economic order quantity (EOQ) and total annual cost for Nelson's Hardware Store's cordless drill inventory item, we need to consider the annual demand, ordering cost, and inventory holding cost. The EOQ represents the optimal order quantity that minimizes the total cost of inventory management. The total annual cost includes both ordering costs and inventory holding costs.
The economic order quantity (EOQ) can be calculated using the formula:
EOQ = sqrt((2 * Annual Demand * Ordering Cost) / Holding Cost per Unit)
Given:
Annual demand = 5,000 units
Ordering cost = $15
Inventory holding cost = $4/unit/year
Using the given values, we can calculate the EOQ:
EOQ = sqrt((2 * 5,000 * 15) / 4) = sqrt(37,500) ≈ 193.65
Therefore, the economic order quantity for the cordless drill is approximately 194 units.
To calculate the total annual cost, we need to consider both the ordering cost and the inventory holding cost. The total annual cost can be calculated using the formula:
Total Annual Cost = (Ordering Cost * Annual Demand / EOQ) + (Holding Cost per Unit * EOQ / 2)
Substituting the given values into the formula:
Total Annual Cost = (15 * 5,000 / 194) + (4 * 194 / 2) ≈ 386.60 + 388 ≈ $774.60
Therefore, the total annual cost for Nelson's Hardware Store's cordless drill inventory item is approximately $774.60.
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Assume rand has been declared as an object of the random class. Consider the following statement:
int randomNum = rand. NextInt(5);
Which set or sets of integers represent possible values for randomNum? (3 points)
0, 1, 2, 3, 4
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
0, 5
a. I only
b. II only
c. III only
d. I and III only
e. II and III only
Answers
Assume that rand has been specified as a random class object. Think about the following assertion: just II; int randomNum = rand. NextInt(5).
A pseudo-random number between 0 and RAND MAX is generated using the function rand(). RAND MAX has a default value that may vary between implementations, but it is always at least 32767. import the Java .util .Random class using an arbitrary class. Type Random rand = new to create an instance of the class Random. Random Use one of the following techniques for rand objects: In the range of 0 and upperbound-1, the function inextant generates random numbers. Additionally, a float between 0.0 and 1.0 is produced. The Math .random() function returns a floating-point, pseudo-random number that is bigger than or equal to 0 and less than 1, with an approximately uniform distribution throughout that range, which you can adjust to your desired range.
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A local bank has just one branch. It sets up a peer-to-peer network for all devices on the system. The bank would like to be able to have one technician administer the entire network from his location outside the bank without having to go to the bank each time there is a problem. Will this be possible for the technician?
Answers
Answer: C. It will not work because it needs to use a server in a central location to allow for the remote access they want.
Explanation:
The options are:
A. It will not work because it is not possible to have the technician administer from one single location.
B. It will work as long as a LAN network is established to facilitate the communication between devices.
C. It will not work because it needs to use a server in a central location to allow for the remote access they want.
D. It will work if it uses a WAN network to bring in all of the LAN networks to one central location.
A peer-to-peer network occurs when computer's are connected together and hence share resources are connected and share resources.
In the scenario in the question, the technician cannot administer the entire network from his location outside the bank. The technician will need to go to the bank whenever a problem occurs. This is due to the fact that there I need for a server that is in a central location in order to allow for the remote access they want.
Answer:
It will not work because it needs to use a server in a central location to allow for the remote access they want.
Explanation:
help plz
What is Process?
A person who designs any of a variety of things.
A person who designs any of a variety of things.
A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.
A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.
Human activities used to create, invent, design, transform, produce, control, maintain, and use products or systems; a sequence of actions that combines resources to produce an output.
Human activities used to create, invent, design, transform, produce, control, maintain, and use products or systems; a sequence of actions that combines resources to produce an output.
A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to a problem or to satisfy human needs and wants and winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice.
A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to a problem or to satisfy human needs and wants and winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice.
An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems.
An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems.
A person or household that purchases goods or services.
Answers
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
What is the best method for configuring a packet filtering firewall?
Answers
Answer:
Packet Filtering Firewalls are applied within routers which connect the internal Network system with the outside network using the internet. It works effectively if the internal network is smaller in size.
who is first prime ministers of nepal?
Answers
Answer:
Bhimsen Thapa
...............
Answer:
The first Prime Minister of Nepal was Bhimsen Thapa
but if it is asked first elected Prime Minister then
he is B. P Koirala.
Hope it will help :)❤
PLEASE HELP, Answer Correctly..Will give a bunch of brainlist points
Answers
Answer:
se ve muy dificil amiga
Explanation:
This is an analytical paper, so minimum theory.
1. Introduction – one paragraph – define and shortly describe the topic.
2. Provide analysis of whether a computer is innovation – apply criteria from the class materials or presentations.
3. Write a conclusion where provide your vision of the perspective for further development of computer technology.
Format:
1. One or two pages.
2. Font: 12 Times New Roman or similar.
3. Can be partly text and bullet points
Answers
This analytical paper aims to evaluate whether a computer can be considered an innovation, using criteria from class materials or presentations. The analysis will explore the characteristics and impact of computers to determine their innovative nature.
The introduction should provide a brief definition of the topic, highlighting that the paper will assess whether a computer qualifies as an innovation. It should also mention the criteria or frameworks from class materials that will be used to evaluate the innovative nature of computers.
The analysis section will delve into the criteria or frameworks discussed in class to assess whether a computer can be considered an innovation. It should examine the key features and advancements of computers, such as their ability to process information, automate tasks, facilitate communication, and enable unprecedented access to information. The analysis can incorporate bullet points to highlight specific aspects of innovation, such as novelty, usefulness, impact, and adoption.
In conclusion, the paper should present the author's vision of the future development of computer technology based on the analysis conducted. It can discuss the potential for further innovation in areas like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and human-computer interaction. The conclusion should summarize the main points discussed and provide a forward-looking perspective on the continued evolution and impact of computers.
Overall, the paper should be concise and well-structured, providing an analytical assessment of computers as an innovation and offering insights into their future prospects.
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This analytical paper aims to evaluate whether a computer can be considered an innovation, using criteria from class materials or presentations.
The analysis will explore the characteristics and impact of computers to determine their innovative nature.
The introduction should provide a brief definition of the topic, highlighting that the paper will assess whether a computer qualifies as an innovation. It should also mention the criteria or frameworks from class materials that will be used to evaluate the innovative nature of computers.
The analysis section will delve into the criteria or frameworks discussed in class to assess whether a computer can be considered an innovation. It should examine the key features and advancements of computers, such as their ability to process information, automate tasks, facilitate communication, and enable unprecedented access to information. The analysis can incorporate bullet points to highlight specific aspects of innovation, such as novelty, usefulness, impact, and adoption.
In conclusion, the paper should present the author's vision of the future development of computer technology based on the analysis conducted. It can discuss the potential for further innovation in areas like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and human-computer interaction. The conclusion should summarize the main points discussed and provide a forward-looking perspective on the continued evolution and impact of computers.
Overall, the paper should be concise and well-structured, providing an analytical assessment of computers as an innovation and offering insights into their future prospects.
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Which of these can expose a computer to a virus? Check all that apply.
downloads
e-mails
social media
video chats
websites
Answers
Answer:
downloads,emails,and websites
Explanation:
Which type of multimedia presentation would this image best enhance?.
Answers
The image that you have provided can best enhance an educational multimedia presentation that requires the representation of key information in an easy-to-understand way.
Educational multimedia presentations are highly important in conveying complex information that would otherwise be challenging to understand when presented in text format alone. Hence, the use of multimedia such as images, videos, audio, and text is a useful tool for instructors to help explain important concepts in an easy-to-understand manner.In this case, the image provided is a graph that displays information about global warming.
Graphs are highly efficient in displaying data sets as they give a visual representation of numerical data and make it easy to identify trends and patterns in the data set. The image can, therefore, be used in an educational multimedia presentation to display data on global warming, allowing learners to visualize the trend and pattern of global warming over time. Hence, the graph image would be very useful in an educational multimedia presentation as it can help to enhance the understanding of the concept presented.
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PYTHON LIST OF DICTIONARIES PROBLEM
I've been having trouble extracting multiple specific key:value pairs from a list of dictionaries in my code. I will write an example code below:
data_set = [{'diet': 'fruit': 'Apple', 'vegetable': 'Carrot', 'meat': 'Steak', 'starch': 'Rice, 'date': '2022-03-26', 'count': '50'}]
Lets say I would like to:
1. extract the key:value pairs for diet, fruit, meat, count
2. add those key:value pairs to a new dictionary
3. print the new dictionary
4. extract and print the value of 'diet' if the value of 'count' is >= 25 from the new dictionary
How would I code for this?
Answers
The Python code has been written in the space that we have below
How to write the python codedata_set = [
{'diet': 'fruit', 'fruit': 'Apple', 'vegetable': 'Carrot', 'meat': 'Steak', 'starch': 'Rice', 'date': '2022-03-26', 'count': '50'}
]
# Step 1: Extract specific key-value pairs
keys_to_extract = ['diet', 'fruit', 'meat', 'count']
new_dict = {key: data_set[0][key] for key in keys_to_extract}
# Step 2: Print the new dictionary
print("New Dictionary:")
print(new_dict)
# Step 3: Extract and print the value of 'diet' if the value of 'count' is >= 25
if int(new_dict['count']) >= 25:
print("\nValue of 'diet' when count is >= 25:")
print(new_dict['diet'])
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Does anyone know what these two things are?
Answers
Answer:
CDs/DVDs and a headset.
Joel needs to write a research paper. What is the best application to use?
Answers
Answer: Britannica High School
Explanation:
https://school-eb-com.content.elibrarymn.org/levels/high
Answer:
g
o
o
g
l
e
s
h
e
e
t
s
Explanation:
Question #4: Why do you think emails are still popular even after texting and other online communications became available? PLEASE HELP!! GOD WILL BLESS YOU
Answers
Answer:
Reliability – Perhaps because email has been around for over 20 years, it is seen as a more reliable vehicle to communicate with others. ... Privacy and Security – Email offers a way to converse with one person, or many, all in a relatively private way, something that is not always readily available through social media.
Explanation: g00gle answer lol
What is the Rocker-Bogie System?
Answers
Answer:
The Rocker-Bogie System is the suspension arrangement developed in 1988 for use in NASA's Mars Rover Sojourner and which has become NASA's favored design for rovers.
Hope that this helps!
In 2018, the rules changed and Olympic organizers allowed the use of _____ music in performances for the first time
Answers
In 2018, the rules changed and Olympic organizers allowed the use of vocal music in performances for the first time.
What is an Olympic Charter?An Olympic Charter can be defined as the fundamental rules, regulations and principles which governs the Olympic Games, and they must be adopted by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as guidelines for hosting and organizing the Olympic Games.
In Pyeongchang 2018, the rules changed and Olympic organizers allowed the use of vocal music in performances for the first time for figure skaters.
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