Using the l'hospital's rules, the limit of lim x → (⁄2) cos(x) 1 − sin(x) does not exist.
To evaluate the limit, we can try to plug in the value of x=π/2 into the expression. However, we get an indeterminate form of the type 0/0. So, we can use the L'Hopital's rule to evaluate the limit.
lim x → (π/2) cos(x) / (1 − sin(x))
Differentiating the numerator and the denominator with respect to x, we get:
lim x → (π/2) -sin(x) / cos(x)
Substituting x = π/2 to the limit function, we get:
lim x → (π/2) -sin(π/2) / cos(π/2) = -1/0 (which is undefined)
So, the limit does not exist.
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f(x)= 2x-10
find f (3)
Answer:
-4
Step-by-step explanation:
plug in 3 for x
2(3)-10
6-10
=-4
Simplify the following expression: 6c - 9c - 8
pls show work so i can write down
Answer:
\( - 3c - 8\)
Step-by-step explanation:
1) Collect like terms.
\((6c - 9c) - 8\)
2) Simplify.
\( - 3c - 8\)
Therefor, the answer is -3c - 8.
Gushers Company produces 1000 packages of fruit snacks per month. The sales price is $6 per pack. Variable cost is $1.60 per unit, and fixed costs are $1700 per month. Management is considering adding a vitamin supplement to improve the value of the product. The variable cost will increase from $1.60 to $1.80 per unit, and fixed costs will increase by 10%. At what sales price for the new product will the two alternatives (sell as is or process further) produce the same operating income? (Round your answer to the nearest cent.)
a. $6.00
b. $6.37
c. $3.67
d. $2.70
Fruit Sushi Inc. produces 1000 packages of fruit sushi per month. The sales price is $4 per pack. Variable cost is $1.60 per unit, and fixed costs are $1700 per month. Management is considering adding a chocolate coating to improve the value of the product by making it a dessert item. The variable cost will increase from $1.60 to $1.90 per unit, and fixed costs will increase by 20%. The CEO wants to price the new product at a level that will bring operating income up to $3000 per month. What sales price should be charged? (Round your answer to the nearest cent.)
a. $2.40
b. $6.94
c. $4.00
d. $2.10
Fruit Computer Company makes a fruit themed computer. Variable costs are $220 per unit, and fixed costs are $32,000 per month. Fruit Computer Company sells 500 units per month at a sales price of $300. The company believes that it can increase the price if the computer quality is upgraded. If so, the variable cost will increase to $230 per unit, and the fixed costs will rise by 50%. The CEO wishes to increase the company's operating income by 30%. Which sales price level would give the desired results? (Round your answer to the nearest cent.)
a. $284.00 per unit
b. $316.00 per unit
c. $990.00 per unit
d. $346.80 per unit
Selling price = $6.37 .
Selling price = $6.94
Selling price = $346.80
1)
Sales revenue = 6,000
Less:-Variable costs ($1.5 per unit 1,000) = 1,500
Less:- Fixed costs = (1,700)
Operating Income = 2,800
Variable costs and Fixed costs have increased.
Hence, in order to maintain the same Operating Income, the selling price should be higher than the current selling price .
Thus to maintain same operating income the selling price should be $6.37 .
2)
The computation is given below:
Sales price = ( Total sales revenue ÷ packages sold)
Total sales revenue = ( Total Cost + Operating income )
Total Cost = ( Variable Cost + Fixed cost)
Now
Variable cost = 1,000 packages × $1.90 per unit
= $1,900
Fixed cost = $1,700 × 120%
= $2040
Total cost = $1,900 + $2,040
= $3,940
Now
Total sales revenue is
= $3,940 + $3,000
= $6,940
Now
Sales price = $6,540 ÷ 1,000 packages
= $6.94
3)
-Fruit Computer Company has variable costs of $220 per unit and fixed costs of $32,000 per month.
- The company currently sells 500 units per month at a sales price of $300.
Net margin = $8000
- The company wants to increase its operating income by 30%.
- If the company upgrades the computer quality, the variable cost per unit will increase to $240 and the fixed costs will rise by 50%.
Thus the selling price per unit will be $346.80 per unit.
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Find a possible formula for the trigonometric function whose values are in the following table.
The sine function with the values in the table is defined as follows:
y = 5sin(πx/2) - 1.
How to define the sine function?The standard definition of the sine function is given as follows:
y = Asin(B(x - C)) + D.
For which the parameters are given as follows:
A: amplitude.B: the period is 2π/B.C: phase shift.D: vertical shift.The function has a maximum value of 4 and a minimum value of -6, for a difference of 10 units, hence the amplitude is obtained as follows:
A = [4 - (-6)]/2
A = 10/2
A = 5.
Without vertical shift, a function with amplitude of 2 would oscillate between -5 and 5, while this one oscillates between -6 and 4, hence the vertical shift is given as follows:
D = -1.
The shortest distance between repetitions can be given by 4 - 0, hence the period is of 4 units and the coefficient B is given as follows:
2π/B = 4
B = 2π/4.
B = π/2.
The function is at it's midline at the origin, hence it has no phase shift, and thus the equation is given as follows:
y = 5sin(πx/2) - 1.
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are these two right triangles congruent??
Answer:
yes they are
Step-by-step explanation:
triangle ️ WXY has angles 90 and 56. to find the last angle 180-(90+56) = 34 degrees.
triangle ️ JKL has angles 90 and 34. To find last angle 180-(90+34) = 56 degrees.
since all 3 angles on the 2 triangles are equal the triangles are congruent.
a baby gains 11 pounds in in its first year of life. The baby gained 4.25 pounds during the first four months and 3.5 in its second four months.How much did the baby gain in the last four months?
Using the subtraction operation, the baby gained a total weight of 3.25 pounds.
What is the subtraction operation?Subtraction operation is one of the four basic mathematical operations, including addition, division, and multiplication.
Subtraction involves the minuend, the subtrahend, and the difference.
The total weight of the baby during its first year of life = 11 pounds
The weight gained during the first four months = 4.25 pounds
The weight gained during the second four months = 3.5 pounds
The weight of the baby gained during the last four months = 3.25 pounds (11 - 4.25 - 3.5).
Thus, by subtraction, we can conclude that the baby gained 3.25 pounds in weight during the last four months of its life.
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a company receives an average of .64 purchase orders per minute. assuming a poisson distribution for the number of purchase orders per minute, what is the standard deviation for this distribution?
The standard deviation for the given Poisson distribution is 0.8.
A Poisson distribution is used to model the number of events occurring in a fixed time interval when the events occur independently and at a constant rate. The mean and variance of a Poisson distribution are equal, and both are given by λ, the rate parameter.
Here, the given information is that the company receives an average of 0.64 purchase orders per minute. Therefore, λ = 0.64.
The formula for the variance of a Poisson distribution is σ² = λ, where σ is the standard deviation. Thus, substituting λ = 0.64 in this formula, we get σ² = 0.64. Taking the square root of both sides, we get σ = √0.64 = 0.8.
Therefore, the correct answer is 0.8.
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*****50 POINTSSSS*****
In the figure, quadrilateral GERA is inscribed in circle P. Line TA is tangent to circle P at A, m∠REG = 78°, the measure of arc AR = 46°, and segment ER ≅ segment GA. Find each of the following measures.
m∠GAR =
m∠TAR =
measure of arc GE =
measure of arc AG =
m∠GAN =
measure of arc RE =
Answer:
Givenm∠REG = 78°mAR = 46°ER ≅ GASolutionm∠GAR = 180° - m∠REG = 180° - 78° = 102° (supplementary angles sum to 180°)m∠TAR = 1/2mAR = 1/2(46°) = 23° (tangent chord angle is half the size of intercepted arc)m∠GAN = 180° - (m∠TAR + m∠GAR) = 180° - (23° + 102°) = 55° (straight angle is 180°)mAG = 2m∠GAN = 2(55°) = 110°mRE = mAG = 110° (as ER ≅ GA)mGE = 360° - (mAG + mAR + mRE) = 360° - (110° + 46° + 110°) = 94° (full circle is 360°)Jennifer made these measurements on ABC,BC must be-?
Answer:
between 10 and 12
Step-by-step explanation:
Given the measure of angles:
m∠B = 70°
m∠C = 60°
m∠A = 50°
We know m∠B = 70° because the sum of interior angles in a triangle is equal to 180°.Following this information, since the side lengths are directly proportional to the angle measure they see:
Angle B is the largest angle. Therefore, side AC is the longest side of the triangle since it is opposite of the largest angle.
Angle C is the smallest angle, so the side AB is the shortest side.
Therefore, side BC must be between 10 and 12 inches.
The approximate circumference of a circle that has a center at (8,6) and passes
through the point (8, 12) is:
units.
:: 12
:: 36
38
:: 113
Answer:
????
Step-by-step explanation:
Replace the polar equation r cos theta + r sin theta = 4 with an equivalent Cartesian equation. Then identify the graph. The equivalent Cartesian equation is y =
The graph of this equation is a straight line with slope 1 and y-intercept 2sqrt(2), passing through the second and fourth quadrants of the Cartesian plane.
To replace the polar equation r cos theta + r sin theta = 4 with an equivalent Cartesian equation, we can use the trigonometric identity cos theta + sin theta = sqrt(2)sin(theta + pi/4). So, we have r(sqrt(2)sin(theta + pi/4)) = 4.
Now, we can substitute r with sqrt(x^2 + y^2) and sin(theta + pi/4) with (y+x)/sqrt(x^2 + y^2) to get the Cartesian equation:
sqrt(x^2 + y^2) * (y+x)/sqrt(x^2 + y^2) = 4/sqrt(2)
which simplifies to
x + y = 2sqrt(2)
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how many parakeets in the population are not blue
Answer:
68 are not blue
Step-by-step explanation:
it's in the pic above if u need the steps.
Answer the following question in 3-4 complete sentences. Name the two rivers that run through the fertile crescent. How were the rivers both positive and negative to societies of the fertile crescent?.
The two number of rivers that run through the Fertile Crescent are the Tigris and the Euphrates.
These rivers were positive for societies in the Fertile Crescent because they provided a reliable number of source of water for irrigation and drinking, and their associated river basins provided a variety of resources including fish, plants, and minerals. However, the rivers were also negative for societies in the Fertile Crescent because they could be unpredictable and cause flooding and erosion, which could destroy homes and crops.
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Answer:
The two rivers that run through the Fertile Crescent are the Euphrates and the Tigris. The rivers are the reason that the region is referred to as “fertile”. A fertile region is an area that produces healthy, sustaining vegetation. The negative aspect of the rivers was that flooding was common. Flooding could wipe out an entire years crop.
Step-by-step explanation:
pictures below
Consider an infinitely repeated game in which, in each period, two firms with zero costs choose quantities and prices are given by: Pi = 1 -q1-q2/2, P2 = 1 - q2-q 1/2. Firms have a common discount factor of d = 1/2. a) Explain what a trigger strategy is and determine whether the firms can attain the joint profit maximising outcome in a subgame perfect equilibrium using trigger strategies. b) Explain what a stick and carrot strategy is and discuss whether it is possible to attain the joint-profit maximising outcome in a subgame perfect equilibrium using stick and carrot strategies.
A trigger strategy is a strategy that specifies an action to take in response to certain observed actions by other players. In this context, a trigger strategy involves cooperating as long as the other player cooperates, but immediately defecting and pursuing a different strategy if the other player deviates from cooperation.
In the given game, the firms cannot attain the joint profit-maximizing outcome in a subgame perfect equilibrium using trigger strategies because there is no trigger that can effectively sustain cooperation in the repeated game. Both firms have an incentive to deviate and lower their price to increase their own profit.
A stick and carrot strategy combines punishment for deviating from cooperation (stick) and rewards for cooperating (carrot). In this case, a stick and carrot strategy could involve punishing the deviating firm by setting a low quantity or price in response to their deviation, while rewarding cooperation by maintaining high quantities and prices. However, it is unlikely to attain the joint-profit maximizing outcome in a subgame perfect equilibrium using stick and carrot strategies because the firms still have an incentive to deviate and lower their price to increase their own profit, even if they face punishments or rewards. Therefore, sustaining cooperation and achieving the joint-profit maximizing outcome is challenging in this repeated game.
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please help me with this!
The scale factor for the given dilation transformation is 1/3
What is scale factor?A scale factor is defined as the ratio between the scale of a given original object and a new object, which is its representation but of a different size.
Given that, a triangle ABC is being dilated to form a new triangle A'B'C'
We are asked to the scale factor,
The length of sides of triangle ABC is 6 units
And, length of sides of triangle A'B'C' is 2 units,
Since, the figure id shrinking, therefore, the dilation is a reduction, and scale factor must be less than 1,
Scale factor = 2/6
= 1/3
Hence, the scale factor for the given dilation transformation is 1/3
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What number is one more than 79?.
The number one more than 79 is 80.
Number:
Numbers are mathematical objects used for counting, measuring, and labeling. The original example is the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. [1] Numbers can be linguistically represented by numerals. More generally, individual numbers can be represented by symbols called digits. For example, "5" is the number representing the number five. Since only a relatively small number of symbols can be remembered, basic numbers are usually organized into number systems, which are systematic ways of representing each number. The most common number system is the Hindu-Arabic number system, which can represent any number using combinations of 10 basic numeral symbols called digits. In common parlance, a number is indistinguishable from the number it represents.
Greater than Number:
It is a mathematical term used to compare two quantities and to establish a relationship between two quantities in which one term is greater than the other. The terms greater than, less than, and equal are used to compare two numbers, amounts, or amounts. Each term has a separate letter. B. "greater than" is represented by ">", "equal to" is represented by "=", and "less than" is represented by "<".
According to the Question:
To better understand this question,
It can be expressed as 1 more than 79, 1 more than 79, 1 more than 79, 79 plus 1.
Thus,
1 more than 79 is the same as 79 plus 1. So the answer for 1 greater than 79 is calculated as:
Therefore,
1 + 79 = 80.
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what is the area of b1=5,b2=7,h=4
Answer:
The formula for finding the area of a trapezoid is ×h
Start by substituting the values given in the problem into the formula
×4
Now Simply/solve
×4
6×4
24
The area of the trapezoid is 24
I hope this helps!!!
Step-by-step explanation:
Angel corre en un maratón de 500m y lo hizo en 1,5 horas. ¿Cuál fue la velocidad de
Angel?
I've been waiting for about 2hours and 30 minutes Somebody help me Q^Q pleaseeeee T^T
At a restaurant all the freezers are set to a temperature that is below 3F let x be the temperature of a freezer which inequality represents temperatures below 3F.
Let x be the temperature of a freezer; at a restaurant, all the freezers are set to a temperature that is below 3°F. The inequality x < 3 is used to denote temperatures below 3°F. Hence, Option C is correct.
What is the meaning of the term “inequality”?The occurrence of an unfair and/or unequal distribution of opportunities and resources among the people that make up a society is referred to as inequality. To different people and in various settings, the word "inequality" may indicate different things.
In mathematics, various signs are used to denote the inequality among values.
Therefore, inequality x < 3 is used to denote temperatures below 3°F. Option C is correct.
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Sparx 4: Item D
Bookwork code: M92
< Back to task
n+2
5
Fully simplify the expression below to give a single fraction.
+
6η
7
Calculator
not allowed
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Ismael Khan
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Answer
The completely simplified expression is( 7n 14)/( 6η).
To simplify the expression( n 2)/( 6η/ 7),
we can start by dividing the numerator by the denominator. This is original to multiplying the numerator by the complementary of the denominator n 2) *( 7/ 6η)
Next, we can distribute the( 7/ 6η) to both terms in the numerator ( n)/( 6η) 7( 2)/( 6η)
This simplifies to 7n/( 6η) 14/( 6η)
Now, since the two terms in the numerator have a common denominator, we can combine them ( 7n 14)/( 6η).
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What is the length of BC?
Enter your answer in the box.
|__| Units
Answer:
BC = 22
Step-by-step explanation:
This is an isosceles triangle.
2x - 24 = x - 2
2x = x - 2 + 24
2x = x + 22
2x -x = 22
x = 22
Answer:
x = 22
Step-by-step explanation:
Since ∠ B = ∠ C then the triangle is isosceles with 2 legs congruent , that is
AC = AB , substitute values
2x - 24 = x - 2 ( subtract x from both sides )
x - 24 = - 2 ( add 24 to both sides )
x = 22
share 200 in the ratio 3:1:4
Answer:
75:25:100
Step-by-step explanation:
Decide if each of the statements below are true or false based on the table of data below. Make sure to calculate
he first and second differences before making your choices. (1 point)
First Difference
4
6
8
10
23.1
12
f(x)
325
388
437
472
493
500
The values in the table have constant second differences.
So, the relationship is a quadratic relationship.
What is a quadratic function?A polynomial function with one or more variables, where the largest exponent of the variable is two, is referred to as a quadratic function. In other terms, a "polynomial function of degree 2" is a quadratic function.
Given:
The following table shows a relationship.
x f(x)
4 325
6 388
8 437
10 472
23.1 493
12 500
The first difference;
388 - 325 = 63
437 - 388 = 49
472 - 437 = 35
493 - 472 = 21
500 - 493 = 7
The second difference;
49 - 63 = -14
35 - 47 = -14
21 - 35 = -14
7 - 21 = -14
The second difference is constant.
Therefore, the relationship is quadratic.
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Solve the equation: 3y + 20 = 3 + 2y
3y + 20 = 3 + 2y
1y + 20 = 3
y = -17
Answer:
\(y=-17\)
Step-by-step explanation:
\(3y+20=3+2y\)
Start by subtracting 20 from each side...
\(3y+20-20=3+2y-20\\3y=2y-17\)
Now, subtract "2y" from each side...
\(3y-2y=2y-2y-17\\y=-17\)
Next, let's substitute -17 for y in the original equation to check our answer...
\(3(-17)+20=3+2(-17)\\-51+20=3+(-34)\\-31=3-34\\-31=-31\rightarrow Correct!\)
Therefore the answer is:
\(y=-17\)
Find |u × v| and determine whether u × v is directed into the screen or out of the screen.u * v = O u x v is directed into the screen. O u x v is directed out of the screen
In this case, we curl our fingers from u towards v and then rotate them towards v. Therefore, the direction of u × v is into the screen.
To find |u × v|, use the formula u * v = |u × v|. If u × v is directed into the screen, then |u × v| will be positive, and if u × v is directed out of the screen, then |u × v| will be negative.
The question requires us to find the value of |u × v| and also to determine whether u × v is directed into or out of the screen. Let u = <3, -4, 2> and v = <1, 5, -6>.
The cross product of two vectors u and v is given by the determinant: | i j k | | 3 -4 2 | | 1 5 -6 | = i (20 - (-12)) - j (6 - 2) + k (-15 - (-12))= 32 i - 4 j - 3 k, therefore, u × v = <32, -4, -3>. As we know, |u × v| = √(32^2 + (-4)^2 + (-3)^2)= √1089 = 33. We can use the right-hand rule to determine whether u × v is directed into or out of the screen.
According to the right-hand rule, the direction of the cross product u × v is given by curling the fingers of the right hand in the direction of u and then rotating them towards v. The thumb then points in the direction of u × v.
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The Micky Mac apple plantation has a very large orchard of apple trees. They have Macintosh apple trees, which yield an average of 16,000 pounds per acre,
and Jonathan apple trees, which yield an average of 14,500 pounds per acre. The Micky Mac plantation has M acres of Macintosh apple trees and J acres of
Jonathan apple trees.
a. Last year, the Micky Mac plantation yielded a total of 120,000 pounds of apples. Write an equation that relates M and J to the total yield.
b. Macintosh apples sell for $650 per metric ton and Jonathan apples sell for $700 per metric ton. If the plantation produces apples worth $1,070,000 then
write an equation relating M and J. Note: One metric ton equals approximately 2200 pounds.
a. The equation that relates M and J to the total yield can be written as 16,000 M + 14,500 J = 120,000
b. the equation relating M and J is 116.36 M + 454.55 J = 1,070,000.
Define equationAn equation is a mathematical statement that asserts that two expressions have the same value, usually separated by an equal sign. It typically includes variables, constants, and mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
a. The total yield of the plantation is the sum of the yield of the Macintosh and Jonathan apple trees. Since the yield of Macintosh apple trees is 16,000 pounds per acre and the yield of Jonathan apple trees is 14,500 pounds per acre, the equation that relates M and J to the total yield can be written as:
16,000 M + 14,500 J = 120,000
b. The total value of the apples produced is the sum of the value of the Macintosh apples and the value of the Jonathan apples. Since Macintosh apples sell for $650 per metric ton and Jonathan apples sell for $700 per metric ton, the equation relating M and J can be written as:
(16,000 M / 2200) x 650 + (14,500 J / 2200) x 700 = 1,070,000
Simplifying the equation, we get:
116.36 M + 454.55 J = 1,070,000
Therefore, the equation relating M and J is 116.36 M + 454.55 J = 1,070,000.
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write the ratios sin m, cos m, and tan m. give the exact value and four decimal approximation
The values we get are
sin m ≈ 0.1831
cos m ≈ 0.2333
tan m ≈ 4.3496
To determine the ratios of sine (sin m), cosine (cos m), and tangent (tan m) for angle m, we need to use the given side lengths of the triangle.
Given:
Side lengths of the triangle: √851, 7, and 30
To find the ratios, we can use the definitions of the trigonometric functions:
sin m = opposite/hypotenuse
cos m = adjacent/hypotenuse
tan m = opposite/adjacent
Using the side lengths of the triangle, we can determine the ratios:
sin m = √851/30
cos m = 7/30
tan m = √851/7
Now, let's calculate the exact values and their four-decimal approximations:
sin m ≈ √851/30 ≈ 0.1831
cos m ≈ 7/30 ≈ 0.2333
tan m ≈ √851/7 ≈ 4.3496
Therefore, the ratios for sin m, cos m, and tan m are approximately:
sin m ≈ 0.1831
cos m ≈ 0.2333
tan m ≈ 4.3496
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(4x²y³ + 2xy² - 2y) - (-7x²y³ + 6xy² - 2y)
Answer:
Simplified it would be 11x^2y^2 - 4xy^
Answer:
11x²y³ - 4xy²
Step-by-step explanation:
is the answer if simplified.
The scores earned in a flower-growing competition are represented in the stem-and-leaf plot.
0 5
1 0, 3, 7
2 4, 6, 8
3 2
4
5 8
Key: 5|8 means 58
What is the appropriate measure of variability for the data shown, and what is its value?
The range is the best measure of variability, and it equals 18.5.
The IQR is the best measure of variability, and it equals 45.
The range is the best measure of variability, and it equals 45.
The IQR is the best measure of variability, and it equals 18.5.
For this data, the IQR is a superior measure of variability because it is less than the range. The greatest way to quantify variability is the IQR, and that number is 11.
How does interquartile range work?The interquartile range (IQR) in descriptive statistics is a measurement of statistical dispersion, or the spread of the data. The IQR is also known as the middle 50%, the fourth spread, or the H-spread. The difference between the data's 75th and 25th percentiles is how it is defined.
How do you determine IQR?The median (middle value) of the lower half and upper half of the data should be found first in order to determine the interquartile range (IQR). The quartile 1 (Q1) and quartile 3 values are these (Q3). The IQR is the difference between Q3 and Q1.
From the given stem-and-leaf plot, we can see that the lowest score is 5, and the highest score is 23. Therefore, the range of the data is:
Range = highest value - lowest value = 23 - 5 = 18
We also need to find the quartiles to calculate the IQR. The median (Q2) of the data is 18, which is the value that separates the lower 50% of the scores from the upper 50%. To find Q1 and Q3, we can split the lower and upper halves of the data, respectively, and find their medians.
The lower half of the data is: 5, 10, 13, 17, 18. The median of this half is (13 + 17)/2 = 15.
The upper half of the data is: 24, 26, 28. The median of this half is 26.
Therefore, Q1 = 15 and Q3 = 26, and the IQR is:
IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 26 - 15 = 11.
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Answer:
IQR 18.5
Step-by-step explanation:
I took the test
Determine the Fourier series coefficients: ao, a₁ and b₁ of f(x) if one period is given by: -2 f(x) = 2x 2 -3 < x-2 -2 < x < 2 2
The coefficient a₁ is 0, and the sine coefficient b₁ is also 0. The function f(x) is an even function (symmetric about the y-axis), the sine coefficient (b₁) will be zero.
The given function f(x) is defined as follows:
f(x) =
-2 for -3 ≤ x < -2
2x^2 for -2 ≤ x < 2
To determine the Fourier series coefficients ao, a₁, and b₁, we need to find the average value (ao), the cosine coefficients (a₁), and the sine coefficients (b₁) for the given function over one period.
The average value (ao) can be calculated as:
ao = (1/T) ∫[x₁ to x₁+T] f(x) dx
In this case, the period is T = 4, so we need to evaluate the integral over one period:
ao = (1/4) ∫[-2 to 2] f(x) dx
Splitting the integral into the two regions:
ao = (1/4) [(∫[-2 to -3] -2 dx) + (∫[-2 to 2] 2x^2 dx)]
Simplifying the integrals:
ao = (1/4) [(-2 * (-3 - (-2))) + (2 * ∫[-2 to 2] x^2 dx)]
ao = (1/4) [2 + 2 * (∫[-2 to 2] x^2 dx)]
The integral ∫[-2 to 2] x^2 dx can be evaluated as follows:
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 dx = [(1/3) * x^3] [-2 to 2]
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 dx = (1/3) * [(2^3) - ((-2)^3)]
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 dx = (1/3) * (8 - (-8))
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 dx = (1/3) * 16
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 dx = 16/3
Substituting this value back into the expression for ao:
ao = (1/4) [2 + 2 * (16/3)]
ao = (1/4) [2 + (32/3)]
ao = (1/4) [(6/3) + (32/3)]
ao = (1/4) * (38/3)
ao = 38/12
ao = 19/6
The coefficient ao is 19/6.
Next, we need to find the cosine coefficient (a₁) and the sine coefficient (b₁). Since the function f(x) is an even function (symmetric about the y-axis), the sine coefficient (b₁) will be zero.
To calculate the cosine coefficient (a₁), we use the following formula:
a₁ = (2/T) ∫[x₁ to x₁+T] f(x) cos((2πnx)/T) dx
In this case, n = 1 (first harmonic) and T = 4 (period). Evaluating the integral:
a₁ = (2/4) ∫[-2 to 2] f(x) cos((2πx)/4) dx
Splitting the integral into the two regions:
a₁ = (1/2) [(∫[-2 to -3] -2 cos((2πx)/4) dx) + (∫[-2 to 2] 2x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx)]
Simplifying the integrals:
a₁ = (1/2) [(-2 * ∫[-2 to -3] cos((2πx)/
4) dx) + (2 * ∫[-2 to 2] x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx)]
Integrating each term separately:
∫[-2 to -3] cos((2πx)/4) dx = [(4/π) sin((2πx)/4)] [-2 to -3]
∫[-2 to -3] cos((2πx)/4) dx = (4/π) [sin(-π/2) - sin(-3π/2)]
∫[-2 to -3] cos((2πx)/4) dx = (4/π) [-1 - (-1)]
∫[-2 to -3] cos((2πx)/4) dx = (4/π) * 0
∫[-2 to -3] cos((2πx)/4) dx = 0
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx can be solved using integration by parts:
u = x^2 => du = 2x dx
dv = cos((2πx)/4) dx => v = (4/2π) sin((2πx)/4)
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx = [x^2 * (4/2π) sin((2πx)/4)] [-2 to 2] - ∫[-2 to 2] (4/2π) sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx = [x^2 * (4/2π) sin((2πx)/4)] [-2 to 2] - (4/2π) ∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx
Evaluating the definite integral and simplifying:
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx = [(4/2π) sin((2πx)/4) * x^2] [-2 to 2] - (4/2π) ∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx = [(4/2π) sin((2π*2)/4) * 2^2] - [(4/2π) sin((2π*(-2))/4) * (-2)^2] - (4/2π) ∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx = (4/π) sin(π) - (4/π) sin(-π) - (4/2π) ∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx = 0 - 0 - (2/π) ∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx
∫[-2 to 2] x^2 cos((2πx)/4) dx = - (2/π) ∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx
Next, we need to evaluate
the integral ∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx. Using integration by parts again:
u = 2x => du = 2 dx
dv = sin((2πx)/4) dx => v = -(4/2π) cos((2πx)/4)
∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx = [2x * -(4/2π) cos((2πx)/4)] [-2 to 2] - ∫[-2 to 2] -(4/2π) cos((2πx)/4) * 2 dx
∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx = [2x * -(4/2π) cos((2πx)/4)] [-2 to 2] + (4/π) ∫[-2 to 2] cos((2πx)/4) dx
Evaluating the definite integral and simplifying:
∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx = [2x * -(4/2π) cos((2πx)/4)] [-2 to 2] + (4/π) ∫[-2 to 2] cos((2πx)/4) dx
∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx = [2*2 * -(4/2π) cos((2π*2)/4)] - [2*(-2) * -(4/2π) cos((2π*(-2))/4)] + (4/π) ∫[-2 to 2] cos((2πx)/4) dx
∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx = (4/π) [- cos(π) + cos(-π)] + (4/π) ∫[-2 to 2] cos((2πx)/4) dx
∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx = (4/π) [-1 + 1] + (4/π) ∫[-2 to 2] cos((2πx)/4) dx
∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx = 0 + (4/π) ∫[-2 to 2] cos((2πx)/4) dx
We previously found that ∫[-2 to 2] cos((2πx)/4) dx = 0
Therefore, ∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx = 0
Substituting this value back into the expression for a₁:
a₁ = - (2/π) ∫[-2 to 2] sin((2πx)/4) * 2x dx
a₁ = - (2/π) * 0
a₁ = 0
Thus, the coefficient a₁ is 0, and the sine coefficient b₁ is also 0.
To summarize:
ao = 19/6
a₁ = 0
b₁ = 0
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