Following severe flooding, residents had to use water from an overflowing reservoir located near the village. Although they treated the water with the recommended amount of chronic bleach, many of them still became very ill. Based on your knowledge of water purification and pollutants, explain what the residents were trying to achieve by treating the water with bleach and why this treatment was NOT enough to ensure that the water was safe for human consumption.
Answers
Treating the water with bleach aims to kill microbes and make it safe for domestic usage, but may not be enough to get rid of all microbes.
Treating water with bleachTreating water with bleach after severe flooding aims to kill microorganisms and make it safe for consumption. However, this method has limitations.
Bleach may not effectively remove chemical pollutants introduced during flooding. The contact time between bleach and pathogens might be insufficient, especially in highly contaminated or turbid water. Turbidity can shield microorganisms and impair filtration. Bleach's potency can degrade over time due to sunlight, heat, or organic matter. Some organisms, like Cryptosporidium, are resistant to bleach.Thus, a comprehensive approach involving filtration, advanced disinfection, and consideration of specific contaminants is necessary for ensuring safe water after flooding.
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Related Questions
What happens to the O2 and CO2 levels when one sprig of Elodea and one snail are put into a test tube with the lights on after 24 hours?
Drastic changes with oxygen increasing and carbon dioxide decreasing.
Drastic changes with carbon dioxide increasing and oxygen decreasing.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide vary slightly, but stay around their original levels.
There is no oxygen left in the test tube.
Answers
Drastic changes with carbon dioxide increasing and oxygen decreasing happens when O₂ and CO₂ levels when one sprig of Elodea and one snail are put into a test tube with the lights on after 24 hours and is denoted as option B.
What is Photosynthesis?This is the process in which green plants manufacture food in the presence of sunlight and other compounds such as carbon dioxide etc.
In a scenario where when one spring of Elodea and one snail are put into a test tube with the lights on after 24 hours there will be photosynthetic reaction in which the carbon dioxide is used up and oxygen is produced which is used by the snail thereby resulting in a decrease in the oxygen level and an increase in the carbon dioxide.
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How are groundwater supplies initially impacted during a drought
A. They may not show a shortage immediately
B. They are immediately lower than normal
C. They always become filled with salt water
D. They never change during a drought
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
At the start of a drought, groundwater may not be noticeably lower (not B). Only aquifers near the ocean may become contaminated with salt water (not C). And it is definitely not D.
If a vaccine protects you for most of your life against a particular pathogen, why do you need a new flu shot every year? A. Influenza evolves very quickly and its antigens mutate so that your memory cells from the last vaccine won’t recognize it. B. Influenza is so strong that you need a booster every year to make sure your body can fight it. C. Influenza is a virus, and vaccines only generate memory cells for bacterial infections. D. You don’t need it every year, it is just offered every year for anyone who does not have it yet.
Answers
Answer:
If you got a flu shot this year, next year you'll need it again.
Explanation:
This is because the virus changes, usually rendering the previous year's vaccine partly or totally useless. hope this helps you :)
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Influenza evolves very quickly and its antigens mutate so that your memory cells from the last vaccine won’t recognize it.
The 2020 influenza vaccine was not as efficient because scientists were scrambling to put out a vaccine for Coronavirus. Consequently, Coronavirus cases skyrocketed during the flu season.
Hope this helped!
also.. i have to put coronavirus and not "c0vid-19" because apparently it's too political. lol.
How does carbon dioxide enter leaves?
Answers
How does temperature affect reaction rate of enzymes?
Answers
Answer: Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction.
Explanation:
biology question ! I'll give 20 points to whoever answers thanks
Answers
Ii. Enzyme Q works best at a Ph of 6, but can function at a ph of 3-11.
Iii. Enzyme P was most likely taken from an area in the stomach, so it works best at a lower PH level.
Iv. To increase the reaction, we need to increase the ph to a more basic solution and we need to increase the temperature.
Give two causes of Malnutrition
HELP :)
Answers
Answer:
Two causes of Malnutrition are not eating enough food and or not drinking enough water.
Explanation:
Which of the following problems are a result of acid deposition?
Nitrogen depletion in soils
Decreased pH levels in lakes and rivers
Corrosion of monuments and metal structures
I and III
II and III
I only
II only
Answers
Answer:
II and III
Explanation:
Acid will decrease pH levels in water and corrode monuments like marble statues and rust metals, but has no correlation to nitrogen depletion.
Hope this helped!
when is the dna of the cells' chromosomes copied? a) after g2 b) at the beginning of mitosis c) during s phase
Answers
The DNA of the cells' chromosomes is copied during S phase of the cell cycle.
The full form of DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a molecule that contains genetic information and instructions for the development and function of living organisms. S-phase or synthesis phase is a stage of interphase, which is the cell cycle's most prolonged phase.
DNA replication occurs in this stage, which means that the cell's DNA is duplicated to prepare for mitosis, which happens during the next stage, the G2 phase.
S phase also ensures that the DNA is correctly copied before being separated during cell division. Chromosome duplication happens in the S-phase of interphase.
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1
(a)
You should attempt ALL questions
Identify the components temperature and approximate composition (of wt.% C) at which the peritectic transformation occurs in Fe-C alloys. Explain why delta-ferrite is not expected to be retained on equilibrium cooling a steel of this composition through the invariant reaction.
[4 marks] (b) When a Fe-0.4 wt% C steel is austenitised at 1000°C for 30 minutes and is slow cooled to room temperature we expect eutectoid alpha-iron, pro-eutectoid alpha- iron and cementite to form. If instead a Fe-1.3 wt% C steel is austenitised at 1000°C for 30 minutes and is slow cooled to room temperature we expect alpha- iron, eutectoid cementite and pro-eutectoid cementite to form.
(c)
(d)
Use the equilibrium phase diagram together with the lever rule to describe as quantitatively as possible the key difference in terms of phases, phase fractions and microstructure between these alloys. Include sketches which illustrate (i) the stages in the development of the microstructures and (ii) the mechanisms of the phase transformations.
[13 marks]
If the steel described in (b) is quenched rapidly from 1000°C to room temperature, describe the martensitic phase and microstructure which will be formed and explain why this is different from that formed in any of the cases above.
[3 marks]
If reflected light optical microscopy were used to confirm the formation of martensite (e.g., lath type or plate type or mixed) a sample of the steel in part (c) would be polished flat to a sub-micron surface finish, etched with sodium bisulfate solution and examined.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Explain the reason for the polishing and etching steps during sample preparation.
[2 marks]
Typically what type of objective lens would you need to use in terms both magnification and numerical aperture, in order to observe the fine martensitic microstructure?
[2 marks] Depending on the exact martensitic microstructure, a variety of defects could be observed such as dislocations and twins. Describe the general form of both these defects and indicate how they might be formed.
[3 marks] (iv) If not all the austenite had transformed to martensite, using an additional technique, how could you determine the crystallographic orientation relationship (i.e. the orientation of one crystal lattice relative to another) between the retained austenite and the martensite?
[2 marks]
(e)
The XRD pattern for the material produced in part (c) is shown in Figure Q1 below. The XRD pattern was collected using Cu Ka radiation.
3
Peak Phase 28 (°) (hkl)
1
1 42.94 (121)|
Intensity (arbitrary units)
23
2
1
43.83 (210)
2
44.67
4
1
44.99 (103)
5
1
45.94 (211)
7
67
1
48.59 (113)
1
49.16 (122)
12
الثر
(8)
8
2
65.02
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
60
62
64
66
20 (") Figure Q1
The XRD pattern has been partially analysed, with the identification of two constituent phases, labelled as Phase 1 and 2 detailed in the table above. Each peak, which is labelled, has the 20 value listed in the accompanying table, and is identified as being part of Phase 1 or 2. Phase 2 is a cubic structure with a = 2.87 Å, Phase 1 is not cubic in structure.
(i)
(ii)
Calculate the d-spacing to two decimal places for Peaks 1 and 2, the first two peaks present in the scanned region for Phase 1.
[2 marks]
According to the database, Phase 1 is not cubic and there should be additional peaks, the (002) and (202) peaks. Suggest two reasons why these peaks are not immediately apparent in the XRD plot and table.
(iii)
[2 marks] Phase 2 is cubic; however, it is not primitive cubic. Using peaks 3 and 8, determine which type of cubic unit cell Phase 2 is.
[3 marks]
(iv) Draw the unit cells for the Miller indices identified for peaks 3 and 8.
(v)
[1 mark] Determine the Miller indices for the next peak at higher 20 for Phase 2 and calculate the 20 value to the nearest degree this will be detected at.
[3 marks]
Answers
The peritectic transformation occurs in Fe-C alloys at a temperature of about 1148°C and at about 0.17 wt.% C. Delta-ferrite is not expected to be retained on equilibrium cooling steel of this composition through the invariant reaction because when the steel is cooled slowly, all delta-ferrite will transform into austenite at a temperature range of 1400-912°C, and the remaining austenite will then transform into pearlite at a temperature range of 727-427°C. Delta-ferrite cannot exist in equilibrium in iron-carbon alloys containing less than 0.09% C at room temperature.
b) If a Fe-0.4 wt% C steel is austenitised at 1000°C for 30 minutes and is slow-cooled to room temperature, eutectoid alpha-iron, pro-eutectoid alpha-iron and cementite will form. When instead a Fe-1.3 wt% C steel is austenitised at 1000°C for 30 minutes and is slow-cooled to room temperature, alpha-iron, eutectoid cementite and pro-eutectoid cementite will form.
c) When using the equilibrium phase diagram together with the lever rule to describe as quantitatively as possible the key difference in terms of phases, phase fractions and microstructure between these alloys, it can be observed that Fe-0.4 wt% C steel consists of about 98% pearlite and 2% proeutectoid ferrite while Fe-1.3 wt% C steel contains about 60% cementite, 20% proeutectoid cementite and 20% pearlite. The Fe-0.4 wt% C steel is composed of a fine network of pearlite while the Fe-1.3 wt% C steel is made up of coarse cementite and pearlite in a lamellar form with the ferrite and cementite phases separating into separate regions during cooling.
d) If the steel described in (b) is quenched rapidly from 1000°C to room temperature, martensite will be formed which will consist of a supersaturated body-centred cubic (BCC) lattice of carbon in iron. This is different from that formed in any of the cases above because martensite is formed when austenite is rapidly cooled, the carbon atoms do not have sufficient time to diffuse to form either ferrite or cementite.
e) The d-spacing to two decimal places for Peaks 1 and 2, the first two peaks present in the scanned region for Phase 1 can be calculated using Bragg's law, which is nλ = 2d sin θ. For Peak 1, d = nλ / 2 sin θ = (1 × 0.15406) / (2 × sin 28) = 0.270 nm, and for Peak 2, d = nλ / 2 sin θ = (1 × 0.15406) / (2 × sin 43.83) = 0.219 nm.
The (002) and (202) peaks are not immediately apparent in the XRD plot and table due to their weak intensities and their positions overlapping with the peaks of Phase 2.
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Help pls!!!!!!!!!!!! Easy Question
Answers
Answer:
Metric ruler
Explanation:
You need to measure length, which is exactly what a ruler measures. The other option measure other things, like liquids or temperature.
Answer:
I'm pretty sure it would be C.
Explanation:
Tongue rolling is a dominant trait. Explain why it is possible for both parents being able to roll their tongue but their biological child is not able to do so.
Answers
Answer:
The answer is 0 ( AKA A )
Explanation:
Parents form the same type of gene, which is Rr. Since all the genes are the same, there can not be a chance that the offspring can not roll the tongue. Next time focus on your work!! :3
Fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading cause of in the Western world. OA. PIntellectual impairment OB. Infertility OC. Multiple births OD. Miscarriages QUESTION 10 One reason that dieting may not work is OA. a high BMR. OB. an insensitive BMR. OC. a low BMR. OD. None of the above.
Answers
Fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading cause of intellectual impairment in the Western world. Hence option A is correct.
Fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading cause of intellectual impairment in the Western world. This is the accurate statement related to the given question. It is a condition in which a baby is born with mental and physical defects due to the mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Let's look at the reason why dieting may not work: Dieting may not work due to a low BMR. The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the number of calories the body requires at rest to perform its basic functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production. As a result, an individual with a low BMR has a slower metabolic rate, making it more difficult to burn calories and lose weight. Therefore, option C is the correct answer: a low BMR.
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What structure does bacteria use for movement ?
Answers
Answer:
flagella, which are structures used by bacteria for motility. We will also examine the main characteristics of this particular structure. Flagella (singular: flagellum) are long, thin, complementary whips attached to bacterial cells that allow bacterial movement (motility).
Explanation:
hope this helps
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Epithelial cell must be replaced quickly in order to prevent _______________________ and ____________________ from entering. Also they prevent ___________________________ from escaping the tissues.
Answers
Answer: germs and toxins and they prevent moisture from escaping the tissues
Explanation:
50 points!!!!!!!! Is the water cycle a scientific model?
Answers
Answer: Frequent and detailed measurements help scientists make models of and determine changes in Earth's water cycle. It is a complex system that includes many different processes. Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to form clouds, and precipitates back to earth in the form of rain and snow. Water in different phases moves through the atmosphere (transportation).
Explanation: hope this helps!!
Answer:Frequent and detailed measurements help scientists make models of and determine changes in Earth's water cycle
Explanation:
a chemical called endogenous pyrogens may be released from lymphocytes that are responding to a pathogen. what does this compound cause? multiple choice fever activation of nk cells antibody production inflammation
Answers
This compound causes fever. Option A.
The main function of the thymus is to train specialized white blood cells called T lymphocytes or T cells. White blood cells migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus. Lymphocytes mature and become specialized T cells in the thymus and are bound by specific antibodies that the immune system produces against them.
Lymphatic occlusion is the blockage of lymphatic vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body and allow immune cells to reach where they are needed. Blockage of lymphatic vessels can cause lymphedema, which is swelling due to blockage of the lymphatic system. Antigens are foreign substances that can provoke an immune response in the body.
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how does the relative oxygen use compare between the brain and skeletal muscles in the average adult? group of answer choices the brain uses 10 times as much even though it is 10 times smaller the brain uses the same amount as the skeletal muscles despite the large size difference the skeletal muscles use 100 times the amount of oxygen the brain uses, even at rest the brain uses 100 times the amount the skeletal muscles use, even when asleep
Answers
The relative oxygen use comparison between the brain and skeletal muscles in the average adult compared as the skeletal muscles use 100 times the amount of oxygen the brain uses, still at rest.
So, the correct option is C.
The average cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen consumption was 1.97 0.19 mol/g/min. In skeletal muscle, the resting metabolic rate of oxygen consumption was 0.32 0.12 mol/g/min, which is more than 6 times lower than the brain metabolic rate of oxygen consumption. The normal human brain uses 3.5 ml of oxygen for every 100 g of brain tissue per minute, a rate that is constant during both waking and sleeping.
When weighed against the body's overall metabolic rate, this very high rate of oxygen consumption is noticeable. When skeletal muscle cells transition from being at rest to contracting vigorously, their oxygen consumption can change by more than an order of magnitude.
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The four main groups of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins. Identify each type of macromolecule based on its monomer.
Answers
Help please I will give Brainliest
Answers
Which level or organization is higher than the water hole community ?
Answers
Answer:
the answer is a
Explanation:
i did that same question in my test
Urgent!
Answer in brief
Why is soil suitably leveled before sowing seeds?
Answers
Answer:
because when we suitably level it there is high chance to have better seeds and production of plants. when there is good leveling then the plants get all nutrition and water equally with right amount of sunlight.
One of the keys to eating well in college is to? eat a complete breakfast. only eat salad. avoid all fats. never eat meals out.
Answers
A comprehensive breakfast with complex carbs, protein, and good unsaturated fats, such whole grain toast with peanut butter and bananas, is one way to eat healthily while at college.
How might college students' eating habits be improved?General Advice Have a positive attitude toward food and take pleasure in what you eat. Eat breakfast every day; include protein-rich foods like eggs, almonds, Greek yoghurt, or peanut butter within an hour of waking up. Eat regularly, preferably every three to four hours.
If you don't consume a balanced diet, you can really be harming your body in addition to being physically unable to engage in the activities you want to.
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What are the two ways in which mutations are created? Give at least one example of an environmental factor
Answers
The two ways in which mutations are formed include:
error in DNA replication during cell division
exposure to an environmental factor that damages the DNA
Examples of environmental factors that damage the DNA and cause mutations are chemicals, radioactive substances or radiation such as UV light, X-rays, and gamma rays.
What is mutation?
Mutation can lead to a variety of different sequence alterations. Gene mutations can have no effect, alter the result of the gene, or prevent the gene from functioning completely or appropriately. Likewise, non-genic regions are subject to mutation. Changing a gene's capacity to make a protein is likely to have negative effects, with an estimated 70% of amino acid polymorphisms having negative effects and the remaining 20% neutral or tangentially beneficial, according to a 2007 study on genetic differences between different species of Drosophila. Animals have systems like DNA repair that can stop or reverse mutations by restoring the original state of the changed region since mutations can have detrimental consequences on genes.To know more about mutation, click the link given below:
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predict what happen to a cell if it's plasma/cell membrane lost its selective permeability
Answers
Answer:
If the plasma membrane of a cell lost its selective permeability, it would no longer be able to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Explanation:
How does coral reef damage negatively affect the land?
Answers
Answer:
it can cause a loss of oxygen. these are living things people need to stop killing things lol
Explanation:
Which statement best compares the functions of chloroplasts and cytoplasm in a plant cell?
O A. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and make food for the plant cell, while the cytoplasm contains the water and nutrients needed for
the plant cell.
OB. Chloroplasts contain water and nutrients needed for the plant cell, while the cytoplasm contains chlorophyll and makes food for the
plant cell.
O C. Chloroplasts contain the DNA of the plant cell, while the cytoplasm contains broken down food and releases energy to the plant
cell.
O D. Chloroplasts antain broken down food and release energy to the plant cell, while the cytoplasm contains the DNA of the plant cell.
Answers
Answer:
The statement that best compares the functions of chloroplasts and cytoplasm in a plant cell is: A. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and make food for the plant cell, while the cytoplasm contains the water and nutrients needed for the plant cell.
The sentences below describe a neuron at resting potential. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks to complete the sentences.
1. Using energy from ATP,sodium-potassium pumpsactively transport ions in both directions across the membrane.
2. Some potassium channelsare open, allowing certain ions to move out of the cell through them.
3. The sodium channels are closed, preventing certain ions from entering the cell through them.
4. The concentration of sodium ionsis higher outside the cell than inside.
5. The concentration of potassium ionsis higher inside the cell than outside.
Answers
A neuron is in an equilibrium condition and prepared to receive and transmit impulses when it is at resting potential.
The sodium-potassium pumps, which need ATP energy to move ions against their concentration gradient, actively transport ions across the cell to maintain this condition. These pumps move two potassium ions into the cell and three sodium ions out of it.
At resting potential, some potassium channels are open, allowing positively charged potassium ions to leave the cell. Due to the ion movement, the cell acquires a negative charge, which results in a potential difference across the membrane.
However, at resting potential, the sodium channels remain shut, preventing the positively charged sodium ions from entering the cell through these channels.
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Which reason best explains why bacteria are good at causing infections in other organisms
Answers
What does geologic time
measure?
Answers
Answer:
The geologic time scale is the “calendar” for events in Earth history. It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called—in descending order of duration—eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages.
Explanation:
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