four fractions were obtained from the differential centrifugation of a homogenized human liver cell sample:
Answers
Thiokinase is most likely to be isolated in F1 that contains the inner mitochondrial membrane and matrix, where the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, occurs.
This is where thiokinase plays a vital role in catalyzing the transfer of phosphate from ATP to acyl groups. As a result, F1 is the most likely fraction to contain thiokinase.
What is thiokinase?Thiokinase, also known as acyl-CoA synthetase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to acyl groups. It is a vital component of the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and matrix. This cycle is essential for cellular energy production, and the activity of thiokinase is critical for this process.
What is differential centrifugation of a homogenized human liver cell sample?
Differential centrifugation of a homogenized human liver cell sample is a technique used to separate cellular components based on their size, density, and sedimentation rate. This technique involves homogenizing the cells to release their contents and then spinning the homogenate at different speeds in a centrifuge to separate the components. The resulting fractions are collected and analyzed to determine the location and function of cellular components such as organelles and enzymes.
Here is the complete question:
Four fractions were obtained from the differential centrifugation of a homogenized human liver cell sample:
F1: Inner mitochondrial membrane plus matrix
F2: Outer mitochondrial membrane
F3: Enzymes localized to the intermembrane space
F4: Cytosolic enzymes
In which of the following fractions was thiokinase most likely isolated?
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Related Questions
What must scientists assume when using scientific laws to make
predictions?
Answers
Scientists must assume that scientific laws are accurate, applicable, and based on reliable data for making predictions.
When using scientific laws to make predictions, scientists must assume certain foundational principles. Firstly, they assume that the scientific laws are accurate representations of natural phenomena and that they apply universally under the given conditions. Scientists also assume that the conditions and variables influencing the system remain constant, allowing for reliable predictions. Furthermore, they assume that the laws are based on sufficient and representative data, and that there are no unaccounted factors or biases that could significantly affect the predictions. Scientists also assume that the laws will continue to hold true in the future, allowing for the extrapolation of predictions beyond observed data. However, it is important for scientists to continuously evaluate and refine their assumptions as new evidence and knowledge emerge, promoting the progress and refinement of scientific understanding.For more such questions on Scientific laws:
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Which of the following best describes what habitat destruction, overpopulation, pollution, climate change, and the
introduction of invasive species are affecting?
A biodiversity
B the water cycle
C global warming
D the stratosphere
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Answer:
biodiversity
" the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem."
Explanation:
Over time, what happens to a trait that is an advantage to an organism?
Answers
Side note: if they all had the same beak they could all fight for the same type of seeds and probably have some sort of intense competition but idk if that’s necessary
Which plant hormone(s) increases leaf size
Answers
Answer:
Gibberellin
Explanation:
I've studied that gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation and division, causing the cells in the leaves to elongate and divide more, this leads to an increase in leaf size.
Hope it helps! :)
The plant hormone that helps in increasing the leaf size is the phytohormone Auxin .
Plants create signalling molecules called plant hormones, which are found in low concentration. All plant's growth and progression are regulated by plant hormones.
There are basically five types of plant hormones that are considered to be essential for plant growth . They are Auxin , Cytokinin , Gibberellin , ABA , Ethylene .
The Cytokinin and Auxin work together to enhance the development of leaf as both of the phytohormones are responsible to modulate the growth of leaf as well as controlling the cell cycle . These hormones are considered essential for plant growth and it occur naturally at various concentrations within plants throughout the duration .
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If the normal spermatogenesis is disrupted, the gametes can have different chromosomes than expected. Which of the following is the most likely cause of one of the four gametes having two X
chromosomes and one having neither an X nor a Y chromosome?
Nondisjunction of the chromosomes during meiosis I
Nondisjunction of both the X and Y chromosomes during meiosis II
G
Nondisjunction of the Y chromosome during meiosis II
Nondisjunction of the X chromosome during meiosis II
Answers
Answer:
Nondisjunction of the X chromosome during meiosis II
Explanation:
Nondisjunction refers to the failure of homologous chromosomes and/or sister chromatids to separate during the process of cellular division. This phenomenon leads to daughter cells with aneuploidies, i.e, cells that have an abnormal number of chromosomes. In this case, non-disjunction of the X chromosome during spermatogenesis will lead to gametes having two X chromosomes and gametes without this sex chromosome.
This is a 7th grade science question
Answers
Answer:
A- the u filtered tap water
Explanation:
Because the rest would but the water would stay constant
Answer:
A- You filtered tap water
Explanation:
Because the rest would but the water would stay constant
in sweet pea plants, an allele for purple flowers (p) is dominant when paired with a recessive allele for red flowers (p). an allele for long pollen grains (l) is dominant when paired with a recessive allele for round pollen grains (l). bateson and punnett crossed a plant having purple flowers and long pollen grains with one having white flowers and round pollen grains. all f1 offspring have purple flowers and long pollen grains. among the f2 generation, the researchers observed the following phenotypes: 296 purple flowers/long pollen grains 19 purple flowers/round pollen grains 27 red flowers/long pollen grains 85 red flowers/round pollen grains what is the best explanation for these results?
Answers
Because the observed ratio greatly deviates from the 9:3:3:1 ratio predicted by independent assortment, the findings show that these genes do not assort independently. Instead, the outcomes can be accounted for if the genes are adjacent to one another on the same chromosome.
when PP of a purple blossom outweighs PP of a white flower How many of the purple flower's offspring are there in total?75% of the generation will be purple (PP or Pp), 25% will be white, according to a Punnet square (pp). Two of the three purple flowers in the Punnett square have heterozygous color mutations (Pp). The purple allele is homozygous in the other bloom (PP).
What does a pea plant with homozygous dominant purple flowers look like phenotypically?Homozygous dominant purple flowers make up 25% of the F2 generation, while heterozygous purple flowers make up 50% of the F2 generation (homozygous recessive, white flowers)
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Human blood contains many cells and nondissolved particles. Because of this, blood is considered to be a
a. suspension
b. solution
c. mixture
d. a and c
e. all of these
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Answer:
e. All of these
Explanation:
blood is suspension, mixture and even a solution
how do organisms in an ecosystem depend on detritivores
Answers
Answer:
A detritivore is a heterotrophic organism, which obtains its nutrition by feeding on detritus. Detritus is the organic matter made up of dead plant and animal material. Detritivores may also obtain nutrition by coprophagy, which is a feeding strategy involving the consumption of feces.
The initial period of population growth for a species in an environment is _______. a. linear b. exponential c. slow d. negative Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Initial period of population growth is most likely to be exponential and then slowly reach a point of "equilibrium" where the population is stable. Meaning the death and the birth are balancing it out.
Answer:
b. exponential
Explanation:
EMI 501: Which of the following hypotheses is consistent with the information presented in the passage?
A. If crude oil mixture is super-heated to 200 degrees C then the residue is the only substance that will not condense
B. If crude oil mixture is super-heated to 200 degrees C, then lubricating oil stocks and residue are the only substances that will not condense
C. If crude oil mixture is super heated to 200 degrees C, then the gas oil, lubricating oil stocks, and residue are the only substances that will not condense
D. If the crude oil mixture is super heated to 200 degrees C, then the petroleum, gas, gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil are the only substances that will not condense
help me please help me please
Answers
Answer:
The answer is B
Explanation:
On the chart, it shows what temperature the oil is superheated and what is created at what temperature. So based of that, by superheating crude oil to 200 degrees C the only liquids left are lubricating oil stocks and residue which is basically answer B.
I hope this helps you
what is meant by the term chromatin remodeling?
Answers
Chromatin remodeling refers to the process by which the structure of chromatin (the complex of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes) is altered in order to allow or prevent access to specific regions of DNA.
This process can involve the addition or removal of chemical modifications to the histone proteins that make up the chromatin.
As well as the movement or replacement of these proteins within the chromatin structure.
The goal of chromatin remodeling is often to facilitate gene expression or repression, by either making DNA more accessible to transcription factors or by blocking their access to specific regions.
Hence, Chromatin remodeling refers to the process by which the structure of chromatin (the complex of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes) is altered in order to allow or prevent access to specific regions of DNA.
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Magine you were to add a ingle, antibiotic-reitant bacterium to a population of bacteria. Decribe what the tructure of the cell membrane would be like. Explain why thi tructure would give the bacteria a competitive advantage over other variation in the population. HINT (think about the imulation we ran in cla with purple, red, green, and brown bacteria. They each had different number of pore in their cell membrane. How wa thi important?)
Answers
When adding a single antibiotic-resistant bacterium to a population of bacteria, the structure of the cell membrane in the resistant bacterium would likely have fewer or no pores compared to other variations in the population.
This structure would give the resistant bacterium a competitive advantage because it would prevent or limit the entry of antibiotics into the cell.
Pores in the cell membrane allow substances, including antibiotics, to pass through. In the simulation mentioned, different-colored bacteria had different numbers of pores in their cell membranes. Bacteria with fewer or no pores would be less susceptible to antibiotic entry, making them resistant.
When an antibiotic is introduced, it would be unable to effectively penetrate the cell membrane of the resistant bacterium, allowing it to survive and reproduce, while other bacteria without this resistance may be killed by the antibiotic. This gives the antibiotic-resistant bacterium a competitive advantage over other variations in the population.
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why did mendal use peas in his experiment
Answers
Answer:
He chose peas because they had been used for similar studies, are easy to grow and can be sown each year. Pea flowers contain both male and female parts, called stamen and stigma, and usually self-pollinate.
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
A 43-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a 5-hour history of right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. She says she began experiencing these symptoms shortly after eating at her favorite fast food restaurant. Her temperature is 38.8C (101.8F). Palpation of the abdomen shows voluntary guarding. Laboratory studies shows leukocytosis with a left shift. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute cholecystitis
B. Acute pancreatitis
C. Appendicitis
D. Peptic ulcer disease
Answers
Based on the given clinical presentation, the most likely diagnosis is Acute cholecystitis (Choice A).
Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder and is commonly associated with gallstones obstructing the cystic duct. The symptoms typically include right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. The pain may be precipitated or worsened by fatty meals. Voluntary guarding and leukocytosis with a left shift (increased number of immature white blood cells) are consistent with the inflammatory process.
Acute pancreatitis (Choice B) usually presents with severe epigastric pain that radiates to the back, nausea, vomiting, and elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. Appendicitis (Choice C) typically presents with right lower quadrant pain, fever, and rebound tenderness. Peptic ulcer disease (Choice D) may cause epigastric pain, but it is less likely to present with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis.
Therefore, based on the given symptoms and findings, Acute cholecystitis is the most likely diagnosis. However, further diagnostic evaluation, such as imaging studies, would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis
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Which of the following best describes the addition of nucleotides to a growing DNA chain? A nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate. A nucleoside diphosphate is added to the 3' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of phosphate. A nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 3' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate. Co A nucleoside diphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of phosphate. Moving to another question will save this response
Answers
Correct statement which best descibes the addition of nucleotide is a) a nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate.So,correct option is a.
A nucleoside triphosphate is a nucleotide containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), with three phosphate bunches bound to the sugar. They are the sub-atomic antecedents of both DNA and RNA, which are chains of nucleotides made through the cycles of DNA replication and transcription. Nucleoside triphosphates likewise act as a wellspring of energy for cell reactions and are associated with flagging pathways.
Nucleoside triphosphates can't be consumed well, so they are regularly orchestrated inside the cell. Blend pathways contrast contingent upon the particular nucleotide triphosphate being made, yet given the numerous significant jobs of nucleoside triphosphates, union is firmly directed in all cases. Nucleoside analogs may likewise be utilized to treat viral infections. For instance, azidothymidine (AZT) is a nucleoside simple used to forestall and treat HIV/Helps.
Hence,correct statement is given in option a.
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(Complete question) is:
Which of the following best describes the addition of nucleosides to a growing DNA chain?
a)A nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate.
b)A nucleoside diphosphate is added to the 3' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of phosphate.
c)A nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 3' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate.
d)A nucleoside diphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of phosphate. Moving to another question will save this response
mice deficeint in lymphotoxin-beta have no high endotehilial venules what would you expect to happen if you immunized these mice
Answers
Mice deficient in lymphotoxin-beta have no high endothelial venules (HEVs), which may result in impaired immune responses upon immunization.
High endothelial venules are specialized blood vessels found in lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid organs. They facilitate the entry of immune cells, such as lymphocytes, from the bloodstream into these organs. In mice lacking lymphotoxin-beta, the absence of HEVs may hinder the proper migration of immune cells, leading to a diminished or altered immune response upon immunization. This is because the adaptive immune system relies on the efficient trafficking of immune cells to lymphoid tissues, where they encounter and respond to foreign antigens. Without HEVs, the overall effectiveness of the immune response to the immunization might be compromised, potentially resulting in reduced protection against the targeted pathogen.
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Describe how the maltose would be affected if the subcomponents were joined by 1–6 linkages instead. Predict how this might affect the function of the resulting molecule.
Answers
linkages, is unbranched. If these bonds were
instead 1-6 linkages, the molecule would have a branched structure. This would result in a more easily digestible form of the molecule. Glycogen phosphorylase can only break terminal bonds, so with more branches, there will be more terminal glucose molecules, resulting in increased catalytic efficiency.
The maltose would be affected if the subcomponents were joined by 1–6 linkages instead - would be a more branched molecule with increased catalytic efficiency.
The structure of maltoseMaltose is composed of two units of D- glucose linked together through an alpha 1,4 glycosidic bond.It is unbranchedIf these bonds were instead 1-6 linkages, the molecule would have a branched structure.This would result in a more easily digestible form of the molecule.Glycogen phosphorylase can only break terminal bondsAs it has more branches so there will be more terminal glucose molecules, resulting in increased catalytic efficiency.Thus, The maltose would be affected if the subcomponents were joined by 1–6 linkages instead - would be a more branched molecule with increased catalytic efficiency.
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can i get help on this question
Answers
So this would be 8+ 8= 16
what is an advantage of using genetically engineered seeds
Answers
The current extinction rate of vertebrates is some ______ times the historical background. This is primarily due to habitat destruction.
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The current extinction rate of vertebrates is estimated to be some 100 times (or more) the historical background extinction rate.
This increased rate of extinction is primarily attributed to various human activities, including habitat destruction, deforestation, pollution, climate change, overexploitation, and introduction of invasive species.
Among these factors, habitat destruction is considered a significant driver of species loss, as it disrupts ecosystems, reduces available habitats, and limits resources for many vertebrate species.
Thus, the current extinction rate of vertebrates is estimated to be some 100 times (or more) the historical background extinction rate.
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How is the sun’s energy transferred around the globe?
Answers
Answer: Radiation
Explanation: Energy is transferred from the sun to Earth via electromagnetic waves. Most of the energy that passes through the upper atmosphere and reaches Earth's surface is in two forms, visible and infrared light. The majority of this light is in the visible spectrum.
Answer:
By Electro magnetic radiation
Explanation:
Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic radiation. Because, Most of the electromagnetic radiation that comes to the earth from the sun is invisible. Only a small portion comes as visible light. Light is made of waves of different frequencies.
What is the relationship between cell division, cell differentiation, and gene regulation? - Cell division alone is sufficient for embryonic development--each division provides an opportunity to generate unique cells with different patterns of gene expression. - Cell division is the process of regulating transcription and translation and is necessary throughout development: gene regulation is only necessary during fertilization. - Cell division alone would result in a big ball of undifferentiated cells. Cell differentiation occurs as a result of regulation of the expression of certain genes, leading to specialized structure and function of cells - Cell division only occurs during cleavage after the blastula is formed cell differentiation via cene regulation is used to form tissue layers
Answers
The relationship between cell division and gene regulation is Cell differentiation, which leads to specialized structure and function of cells, occurs through the regulation of gene expression. Option C is correct.
C. Cell division alone would result in a big ball of undifferentiated cells. Cell differentiation occurs as a result of the regulation of the expression of certain genes, leading to specialized structure and function of cells. During development, cells undergo a process called cell differentiation, where they become specialized and acquire specific functions. This process is tightly regulated by gene expression, which determines which genes are turned on or off in a cell, leading to the development of specific cell types.
Cell division is responsible for increasing the number of cells during development, but it alone does not determine cell specialization. Instead, gene regulation plays a critical role in guiding cells to differentiate into specific cell types with distinct characteristics. Gene regulation involves mechanisms such as transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and signaling pathways that control the expression of genes at different stages of development. Through gene apoptosis regulation, cells acquire the necessary instructions to differentiate into various cell types, forming tissues, organs, and ultimately the whole organism.
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The complete question is
What is the relationship between cell division, cell differentiation, and gene regulation? -
A. Cell division alone is sufficient for embryonic development--each division provides an opportunity to generate unique cells with different patterns of gene expression. -
B. Cell division is the process of regulating transcription and translation and is necessary throughout development: gene regulation is only necessary during fertilization. -
C. Cell division alone would result in a big ball of undifferentiated cells. Cell differentiation occurs as a result of regulation of the expression of certain genes, leading to specialized structure and function of cells -
D. Cell division only occurs during cleavage after the blastula is formed cell differentiation via cene regulation is used to form tissue layers
Identify the phases of mitosis.
Answers
Answer:
1:metaphase
2:anaphase
3:telophase
Explanation:
hope this helps
Answer:
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
what do i have to draw?
Answers
The afflicted man and the purebred female are depicted in a pedigree chart that displays the potential genotypes of their progeny.
A pedigree reveals the ties between members of a family and identifies those who share certain genetic pathogenic features, illnesses, and vital position with other members of the family. A pedigree can be used to determine how illnesses are passed down within a family.
A pedigree animal is thought to be of high quality since it is derived from animals that were all the same breed.
The phrase is frequently used to describe a purebred dog's pedigree in the animal world.
The image of the pedigree is attached below.
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To generate a knockout mouse cell line, the best strategy is to use the base excision repair pathway. a) True b) False
Answers
The given statement "To generate a knockout mouse cell line, the best strategy is to use the base excision repair pathway" is false. A knockout mouse is a genetically modified mouse that is missing one or more genes to investigate their function.
The gene that has been knocked out is called a knockout gene. Knockout mice are useful for studying the role of genes in physiology, development, and disease, as well as for validating the therapeutic potential of novel drugs. Knockout mice can be generated through various methods, including homologous recombination, gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9, and gene trapping. These methods all aim to disrupt the function of a specific gene within the mouse genome. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is one of many DNA repair pathways present in cells, which repairs DNA damage caused by the modification of a single nucleotide in the DNA chain.
Base excision repair pathway is not a strategy used to generate knockout mouse cell lines. Although it can be employed to introduce mutations into a specific gene in the mouse genome. The strategy to generate knockout mouse cell lines is homologous recombination, which is the insertion of a modified DNA sequence into the mouse genome, resulting in the disruption of a specific gene's function.
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What is the total surface area of a human lung
Answers
Answer:
the total surface area of a human lung IS 70 TO 75 square meters
Explanation:
Estimates of the total surface area of lungs vary from 50 to 75 square metres (540 to 810 sq ft); although this is often quoted in textbooks and the media being "the size of a tennis court"
Answer:
50 to 75 square meters
Explanation:
list of the following levels of biological organization from smallest to largest and give an example of each
Answers
Answer:
The levels, from smallest to largest, are: molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.
Explanation:
The theory of endosymbiosis is based onA.evidence from the fossil record B.the knowledge that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria C.similarities between chloroplasts and other organelles in animals D.the experiments in which bacteria were grown in plant cells and formed chloroplasts E.the knowledge that ribosomes are structures found in bacteria, plants, and animals
Answers
Endosymbiosis is the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent bacterial cells that were engulfed by another cell and began functioning as organelles within that cell.
Answer: B
The process by which the brain is compressed toward and through the foramen magnum is known as?
Answers
The process by which the brain gets compressed toward and through the foramen magnum is called brain herniation.
Brain herniation occurs when there is increased pressure within the skull, leading to the displacement of brain tissue. This can happen due to various conditions such as traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, or swelling caused by brain edema. As the pressure builds up, the brain may be forced downward, pushing through the foramen magnum, which is the large opening at the base of the skull.
Brain herniation can be a life-threatening condition as it can compress vital structures and disrupt normal brain function. Immediate medical intervention is required to relieve the pressure and prevent further damage.
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