Global climate models (GCMs) require all but one of the following data to simulate past temperatures?
1. Solar radiation
2. Volcanic activity
3. Earth's composition
4. Greenhouse gases
O Solar radiation
O Volcanic activity
O Earth's composition
O Greenhouse gases

Answers

Answer 1

Global climate models (GCMs) require all data except for Earth's composition to simulate past temperatures.

To simulate past temperatures using global climate models (GCMs), several data inputs are necessary. GCMs are complex computer models that simulate the Earth's climate system and its components. The following data are required to accurately simulate past temperatures:

Solar radiation: GCMs incorporate information about variations in solar radiation, including changes in the sun's energy output over time. Solar radiation is a crucial factor that influences the Earth's climate.Volcanic activity: GCMs take into account the impacts of volcanic eruptions on the climate. Volcanic eruptions release large amounts of aerosols and gases into the atmosphere, which can affect temperatures by scattering sunlight or altering the atmospheric composition.Greenhouse gases: GCMs consider the concentration and distribution of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat and contribute to the greenhouse effect, influencing global temperatures.

However, Earth's composition is not directly required for simulating past temperatures using GCMs. Earth's composition typically refers to the distribution and abundance of different rock types, minerals, and elements on the planet's surface, which are not the primary factors considered in GCMs when simulating past climate conditions.

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Related Questions

The orange parts of the map below represent areas in which hurricanes frequently form. The white arrows show the typical Paths of hurricanes why are hurricanes so frequently. In areas close to the equator?

Answers

Hello. You forgot to enter the answer options. The options are:

A. There is less landmass near the Equator.

B. The winds blow in opposite directions above and below the Equator.

C. The ocean water can evaporate more quickly near the Equator.

D. There is more wind near the Equator.

Answer:

C. The ocean water can evaporate more quickly near the Equator.

Explanation:

For hurricanes to form, some specific atmospheric conditions are needed. Among these conditions one of the most important is hot and humid air. Esssa is a common condition in areas close to the equator because of the rapid evaporation of ocean water in this region, which, as already mentioned, facilitates the formation of hurricanes. This hot air is able to rise creating a low pressure area that begins to interact with other atmospheric elements creating a system of winds that begin to move in a circular direction, created by the evaporation of water, creating the hurricane.

 What type of eclipse is this diagram shows

 What type of eclipse is this diagram shows

Answers

Answer:

Solar

Explanation:

Answer:

Solar eclipse

Explanation:

With the moon between the Earth and sun, it's a solar eclipse. This is because the sun is blocked or eclipsed from our view.

Which region experiences only two different climates? Midwest, Northeast, Southwest, & Pacific

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The Northeast is characterized by a fairly diverse climate, with bitterly cold winters and semi-humid summers, especially to the south.

Are harpy birds real?

Answers

Yes Harpy birds are real and also looking gorgeous and it is the type of eagle birds and it is the national bird of Maxico because they believed that this bird is symbol of strength of power. It is considered as one of the most powerful and largest raptors globally.

Harpy eagles birds covered distance  from Mexico to northern Argentina and live in forested areas. It is fly through their forest home with great agility. It can reached upto 6.5 feet or 2 meters across the sky.The length of the rear talons is about 4 to 5 inches.

Harpy have enough power and grip to lift prey up to their own weight. It was so sad that the  Harpy birds were not exists. they were disappearing because people are destroying their habitat and shooting them.Only one nesting pair has been observed in Belize. In Central America, the largest known breeding population is found in Panama, close to the border with Colombia.

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Which power metallurgy atomization process enables the production of fine grained powder and amorphous metals with uniform chemistry?
Question 2 options:
a) Inert gas
b) Water
c) Plasma
d) Centrifugal

Answers

The Powder metallurgy atomization process enables the production of fine-grained powder and amorphous metals with uniform chemistry with inert gas. So the correct option is option A.

Atomization is the process of creating metal powder particles from molten metal by spraying either a gas or a liquid. This is by far the most important method of metal powder particle formation.

In gas atomization, typically inert gases such as nitrogen, helium, and argon are used to break up the molten metal stream. Powder metallurgy allows for the mixing of materials that cannot be mixed and the processing of materials that have extremely high melting points.

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please help me fast and u get a cookie

please help me fast and u get a cookie

Answers

Answer:A
Cotton gin is a machine used to remove seeds from cotton essentially faster production more money

A__ is a count of the population in particular areas

Answers

Answer:

Census

Explanation:

A census is the process of data collection and is the systematic acquisition of data about the given population.

How did the collapse of the soviet union impact on the economy

Answers

Answer:

The collapse of the soviet union was slightly beneficial to the Russian elite as they were the alogarks and would be the tycoons of the newly born Russian Federation. In conclusion, the soviet union collapse caused many issues for the mid to lower class, of the new Federation

Which type of weather do anticyclones bring? hot, humid or rainy, cloudy or dry, clear or days of light drizzle

Answers

Answer: Hot

Explanation:

Anticyclones are the opposite of depressions - they are an area of high atmospheric pressure where the air is sinking. ... In summer, anticyclones bring dry, hot weather. In winter, clear skies may bring cold nights and frost. In cold conditions, anticyclones may also bring fog and mist.

Answer:

Which type of weather do anticyclones bring?

hot, humid

rainy, cloudy

✔dry, clear

days of light drizzle

Explanation:

why do scientists send space probes instead of people? pls help guys

Answers

The reason why scientists send space probes instead of people is because sending a space probe is cheaper and safer.

Why are space probes sent?

Space probes are sent in the place of people because scientists often do not have to spend as much on a space probe as they would on a space vessel that would have to take humans into space.

Also, if something goes wrong, space probes can simply be abandoned in space but we cannot do this for people. So space probes allow scientists to study the universe, without the risk of losing people to this study.

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In many mountain streams on the island of Trinidad, predatory ____________ live both above and below waterfalls.

Answers

In many mountain streams on the island of Trinidad, predatory fish live both above and below waterfalls. Predatory fish are those that are carnivorous and consume other fish or small aquatic animals.

They have a long and pointed jaw that makes it easier for them to catch their prey. Some examples of predatory fish include sharks, barracudas, and pike. Many mountain streams on the island of Trinidad are home to predatory fish that live both above and below waterfalls.

These fish are an important part of the aquatic ecosystem, as they help to control the populations of other fish and aquatic animals. Additionally, they provide a food source for larger predators such as birds and mammals that live in the area.

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Find x in the parallelogram

Find x in the parallelogram

Answers

Answer:

x = 14

Explanation:

Recall the properties of parallelograms.

Thus, diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other to form equal segments.

Thus,

2x + 10 = 5x - 32

Collect like terms together

2x - 5x = -10 - 32

-3x = -42

-3x/-3 = -42/-3

x = 14

What are the two most important categories of your ecological footprint?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

More specifically, the ecological footprint measures the amount of “biologically productive” land or water that enables the population to sustain itself. This measurement takes into account the resources a population needs to (1) produce goods and (2) “assimilate,” or clean up, its waste.

The Continental Divide runs through which mountain range?
es )
A)
Rocky Mountains
B)
Cascade Mountains
C)
Appalachian Mountains
D)
Sierra Nevada Mountains

Answers

Answer:

A) Rocky Mountains

Explanation:

This divide stretches from Cape Prince of Wales in western Alaska, to western Canada and the continental United States, then through Mexico's Sierra Madre Occidental highlands, Central America, and the Andes Mountains in South America.

Answer: Rocky Mountains

Explanation: Most of the divide runs along the crest of the Rocky Mountains, through British Columbia and along the British Columbia–Alberta border in Canada, and through the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico in the United States

Is this statement true or false? the andes mountains run along the eastern edge of south america.

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

This statement is FALSE.

In which of the following countries is Buddhism the most common religion?
A. Nepal
B. Bangladesh
C. Sri Lanka
D. India

Answers

Answer:

C. Sri Lanka

Explanation:

i hope it helps!!!

How are the plate boundaries in Iceland and Chile similar? How are they different?

Answers

The way that plate boundaries in Iceland and Chile similar is that both are  have volcanoes  and Earthquakes. The way that they are different is that Iceland  is  one that lies in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge while that of Chile is in the convergent plate boundary.

What type of plate boundary is the island of Iceland?

Iceland is situated on the Mid Atlantic Ridge, a divergent plate boundary where the Eurasian Plate and North American Plate are moving apart. Magma or molten rock rises to the surface and erupts as lava to form new ocean crust as the plates separate.

Two tectonic plates can diverge from one another, creating a border. As magma rises from the Earth's mantle to the surface and solidifies to form new oceanic crust, earthquakes frequently occur along these boundaries.

Chile is located on top of the South American tectonic plate, along with the other nations of the continent. The Nazca Plate joins the Pacific Plate at a divergent plate boundary known as the East Pacific Rise to the west of Chile. This region is beneath the Pacific Ocean.

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The model above represents zones that are present in many American cities. Which of the following design concepts of urban development is likely to have the most significant impact on the reduction of urban sprawl?

Answers

Answer:

E. Mixed-use land development in zone 5 of the model

Explanation:

Just took quiz.

Mixed-use land development in zone 5 of the model design concepts of urban development is likely to have the most significant impact on the reduction of urban sprawl. Thus option E is correct.

What is development?

Development is the process that results in development, advancement, positive change, or the addition of physical, industrial, natural, social, and demographic components.

Overall, they demonstrate how and why the price of land increases dramatically the further it is to the CBD. The model gives a broad hypothesis, which is especially relevant to urban regions that were formerly Spanish cities from the colonial era.

Urban sprawl mitigation is most likely to be substantially impacted by mixed-use farmland in zone 5 of the model design principles of urban development. Therefore, option E is the correct option.

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The question is incomplete, the complete question will be :

The model above represents zones that are present in many American cities. Which of the following design concepts of urban development is likely to have the most significant impact on the reduction of urban sprawl?

A. Transformation of warehouse space in zone 2 of the model into high-income rental properties

B. Construction of a large single-family housing development in zone 4 of the model

C. Gentrification of older housing in selected neighborhoods in zone 3 of the model

D. Construction of a large shopping mall in zone 1 of the model

E. Mixed-use land development in zone 5 of the model

The model above represents zones that are present in many American cities. Which of the following design

Please help I dont get this. :)​

Please help I dont get this. :)

Answers

Answer:

A. carbon dioxide levels are currently higher than they have ever been.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

what are typical long-term average rates at which land-surface elevation changes due to uplift or subsidence?

Answers

The typical long-term average rates at which land-surface elevation changes due to uplift or subsidence is that these rates vary greatly depending on geological conditions and location.

Uplift occurs due to tectonic forces or isostatic rebound, and average rates range from 1 to 10 mm/year. Mountainous regions like the Himalayas may experience faster uplift rates of up to 15 mm/year.For example, tectonic uplift can cause a gradual increase in land-surface elevation over millions of years, while subsidence due to compaction of sediment can cause a gradual decrease in elevation. In some areas, such as mountain ranges, uplift rates can exceed several millimeters per year, while in other areas, such as river deltas, subsidence rates can exceed several centimeters per year. Additionally, human activities such as groundwater pumping and oil and gas extraction can also cause subsidence.

Overall, the long-term average rates of land-surface elevation change due to uplift or subsidence can range from very slow to relatively rapid, with rates depending on geological and human factors.In conclusion, long-term average rates of land-surface elevation changes due to uplift.

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What are some of the reasons that the population growth rate may be decliningning?

Answers

Answer:

Some of the reasons may be the following:

1. Lack of food

2. Lack of water

3. Tight and living spaces

4. Extreme Weather changes

5. Diseases and Viruses

If the climate has always changed, why is it so important now?
This is a Global warming question, help

Answers

Answer:

The speed of the current climate change is faster than most of the past events, making it more difficult for human societies and the natural world to adapt. Now, day by day new technologies are invented, causing more pollution than in the past. It is important now because we are developing in very fast steps and something should be done.

what is responsible for deepwater currents? responses temperature and salinity temperature and salinity wind and salinity wind and salinity earth's rotation and wind earth's rotation and wind, wind and density

Answers

The main reason for Deepwater currents is differences in water density, which are generated by a combination of temperature and salinity. Wind and density play an important role in  Deepwater currents

Ocean currents are driven by wind, tides, and water density differences. One of the primary reasons for Deepwater currents is differences in wind and density, temperature and salinity, and the earth's rotation and wind. because the wind and salinity alone are not enough to drive deepwater currents.

The density of water increases more when the water is cold and salty, causing it to sink and create currents in the deep ocean. wind can also play an important role in deepwater currents by generating surface currents that can eventually lead to the formation of deepwater currents.

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________ refers to changes in daylength and the sun's altitude over the course of the year.

Answers

Seasonal variation refers to changes in daylength and the sun's altitude over the course of the year.

Throughout the time due to Earth axial bend and its route around the sun. As the Earth orbits the sun, the bend of its axis causes different corridor of the earth to receive varying amounts of sunshine. This results in the changing lengths of daylight hours and the sun's position in the sky. These variations give rise to the different seasons endured in different regions of the world.

The combination of daylength and sun's altitude influences temperature patterns, rainfall conditions, and biological processes, playing a pivotal part in the Earth's climate and ecosystems.

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the rock pumice often floats yet the density of the rock is greater than water. why does it float?

Answers

Answer:

because it has many holes in it

Explanation:

Pumice is a volcanic rock that has a unique texture due to its high concentration of gas bubbles.

These bubbles make the rock porous, which reduces its density, causing it to float on water. Even though the density of pumice is greater than water, the trapped gas makes it buoyant. Pumice is formed when molten lava cools rapidly, trapping gas bubbles within the rock. The pressure from the gases in the molten rock is released quickly, causing the lava to froth and solidify into a porous rock.

This process also creates a lightweight rock that can easily float on water. Pumice is used in various industries such as construction, horticulture, and personal care due to its porous and abrasive nature. It is also a popular addition to aquariums and is used as a filter media due to its ability to trap debris and impurities.

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Challenges of workers in Mexico and Central America

Answers

pay is not as much as other society’s

Explain how changes in the energy of the vacuum can account for the rapid expansion during the inflationary epoch. Then, explain what is the deuterium bottleneck? Why was it important during the formation of nuclei in the early universe?

Answers

The scarcity of deuterium due to the bottleneck had a profound impact on the subsequent nucleosynthesis processes. With less deuterium available, the formation of heavier elements, such as lithium and beryllium, was suppressed. This bottleneck played a crucial role in determining the primordial abundances of light elements in the universe, and it helps explain the observed abundances of deuterium and other light elements in.

Changes in the Energy of the Vacuum and the Inflationary Epoch:

The concept of the energy of the vacuum is rooted in quantum field theory, which describes the behavior of fundamental particles and fields in the universe. According to this theory, even in seemingly empty space, there are fluctuations in energy known as virtual particles and vacuum energy. These fluctuations can have observable effects on the macroscopic scale, such as the expansion of the universe during the inflationary epoch.

During the inflationary epoch, the universe underwent an exponential expansion, increasing its size by an enormous factor in an incredibly short period. This rapid expansion resolved some outstanding problems in cosmology, such as the horizon problem and the flatness problem. The horizon problem refers to the issue of why distant regions of the universe appear to have similar properties when they have never been in causal contact. The flatness problem, on the other hand, deals with the remarkable flatness observed in the large-scale structure of the universe.

The inflationary epoch is believed to have been triggered by a rapid change in the energy of the vacuum. This change caused a repulsive gravitational effect, leading to the exponential expansion of space. The specific mechanism behind this change in vacuum energy is still a subject of ongoing research, but it is thought to be associated with a scalar field called the inflaton. As the inflaton field rolled down its potential energy, it released energy into the universe, driving the rapid expansion.

The Deuterium Bottleneck and Nucleosynthesis in the Early Universe:

Nucleosynthesis is the process by which atomic nuclei were formed in the early universe. During the first few minutes after the Big Bang, the conditions were suitable for the synthesis of light elements like hydrogen (H), helium (He), and trace amounts of lithium (Li). However, the abundance of deuterium (D), an isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron, is particularly interesting.

Deuterium is an essential element in nucleosynthesis because it acts as a crucial bridge in the formation of heavier elements. It can combine with other nuclei, such as protons and neutrons, to form helium and other light elements. However, the abundance of deuterium is highly sensitive to the density and temperature conditions of the early universe.

The deuterium bottleneck refers to the phenomenon that occurred during the nucleosynthesis phase when the density and temperature were too high for deuterium to survive. The high density led to frequent collisions and interactions between particles, making it difficult for deuterium nuclei to persist. Instead, they would quickly combine with other particles to form heavier elements, disrupting the formation of a significant amount of deuterium.

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Which of the following are main characteristics of communism?


a focus on agriculture and mining


economic equality and ownership of production by the state


widespread industrial and social change


using profits to expand industry

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

economic equality and ownership of production by the state

Answer:

Economic equality and ownership of production by the state.

Physical features often influence where people live. Which type of environment typically has the highest population density?


Dry, barren, hot, and desert regions

Answers

Answer:

middle east or sahara dessert

The important cash crop of sugarcane grown on large farms of brazil is an example of-
1. Aquaculture
2.Subsistence Agriculture
3.Cottage industries
4. Commercial Agriculture

Answers

The important cash crop of sugarcane grown on large farms of Brazil is an example of Commercial Agriculture.

What is commercial agriculture?

Commercial agriculture is the process of growing crops for market and is intended to produce crops for huge markets, export, and widespread distribution (supermarkets). It also covers crops with a small market (like those sold at neighbourhood vegetable stands) and any non-food crops, like cotton and tobacco. a large-scale farming operation focused on producing livestock and crops for market and distributing them widely to retailers or wholesalers. Commercial agriculture encompasses plantation agriculture, mixed farming, and commercial grain production. Crops are grown for commercial purposes in commercial grain farming. Common grains grown for commerce include wheat and maize.

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Eleanor knows that if they both work hard, Darnell will earn $110 on the beach and Eleanor will earn $240 at her stand, so they will each take home half of their total revenue: $110+$2402=$175$110+$2402=$175. If Darnell shirks, he'll generate only $60 in earnings. Eleanor does not know that Darnell estimates his personal cost (or disutility) of working hard as opposed to shirking at $30.Once out of Eleanor's sight, Darnell faces a dilemma: work hard (put in full effort) or shirk (put in low effort).In terms of Darnell's total utility, it is worse for him to_____ .Taking into account the loss in utility that working hard brings to Darnell, Eleanor and Darnell together _____ better off if Darnell shirks instead of working hard.Eleanor knows Darnell will shirk if unsupervised. She considers hiring her good friend Carrie to keep an eye on Darnell. 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T/F Tell weather the angles are adjacent or vertical then find the value of X 5x - 7= 3??? plz help On 25 August 1990, Lulu bought an investment property for $80381. Two days later she also paid stamp duty of $30,000. She has no other records of her expenses in relation to the costs. Lulu sold the property in January 2020 for $500,000. Required: Calculate the INDEXED COST BASE of the property. hi i need answers to #24 - 34asap!! thank you starting with the right ventricle (1), place all the listed structures in the correct order in which blood passes through them. 10 left ventricle. 3 right ventricle. 6 lung capillaries. 5 pulmonary arteries. 2 tricuspid valve . 4 pulmonary semilunar valve. 12 aorta. 9 mitral valve. 7 pulmonary veins 13 systemic capillaries 1 right atrium. (__) superior and inferior vena cava. 11 aortic semilunar valve. 8 left atrium. (__) pulmonary trunk Delectable Parsnip, Inc.'s, net income for the most recent year was $14,843. The tax rate was 22 percent. 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