Government taxes and subsidies designed to create an efficient equilibrium in markets with externalities are known as Pigouvian taxes/subsidies or Pigouvian interventions.
These interventions are named after economist Arthur Pigou, who advocated for the use of economic policy instruments to address externalities, which are costs or benefits imposed on third parties not directly involved in a market transaction. Pigouvian taxes are levied on activities that generate negative externalities, such as pollution, to internalize the social costs and discourage the harmful behavior.
Subsidies, on the other hand, are provided to activities that generate positive externalities, such as education or research, to encourage their production or consumption. These interventions aim to align private costs and benefits with the social costs and benefits to achieve a more efficient allocation of resources in the presence of externalities.
To know more about government tax:
https://brainly.com/question/30030091
#SPJ4
under crime insurance, which of the following persons is not a custodian?
A. Sales clerk; B. Janitor; C. Partner; D. Named insured
Under crime insurance, the person who is not considered a custodian is the C. Partner.
In crime insurance, a custodian typically refers to individuals who have physical control or responsibility over the insured property. They are entrusted with the care, custody, and control of the property. The purpose of crime insurance is to protect against losses resulting from criminal acts such as theft, embezzlement, or forgery.
Among the options given, a sales clerk, janitor, and named insured can all be considered custodians depending on their roles and responsibilities. A sales clerk may handle merchandise, a janitor may have access to the premises, and a named insured may have control over the insured property.
However, a partner is not typically categorized as a custodian in the context of crime insurance. Partners usually have an ownership interest in the business rather than direct custodial responsibilities.
To know more about crime insurance
brainly.com/question/32156541
#SPJ11
Was the ruling that the president could not use executive privilege to prevent the tapes from being turned over a good decision ?
A key precedent that restricts the ability of any U.S. president to use executive privilege is United States v. Nixon. President Warren E.
Who was President Warren E.?Warren G. Harding, whose full name is Warren Gamaliel Harding, was the 29th president of the United States (1921–1923). He was born on November 2, 1865, in Corsica, Ohio (now Blooming Grove), and passed away on August 2, 1923, in San Francisco, California. Harding won the president with the largest popular vote margin ever, promising a nostalgic "return to normalcy" after World War I.
Vice President Calvin Coolidge succeeded him after he passed away in his third year in office. However, his brief term in office saw little of significance accomplished, and soon after his passing, a string of scandals condemned the Harding administration to be remembered as one of the worst in American history.
Learn more about President Warren E here:
https://brainly.com/question/1291396
#SPJ2
Compare and contrast the legal concepts of Due Process of Law and Equal Protection under the Law.
Answer:
The equal protection clause prevents the state government from enacting criminal laws that discriminate in an unreasonable and unjustified manner. The Fifth Amendment due process clause prohibits the federal government from discrimination if the discrimination is so unjustifiable that it violates due process of law.
Explanation:
Should judges only consider the law in making decisions, or should they consider other factors, as well?
Judges should consider the law in making decisions but to achieve a much fair decision they should consider other factors as well.
When making decisions, judges are typically expected to interpret and apply the law fairly and impartially. The law may occasionally be ambiguous or open to interpretation, and judges may need to take other factors into account in order to make a just and equitable decision.
Judges may be required to take into account a wide range of factors, including the best interests of the child, the financial needs of the parties involved, in addition to the pertinent legal principles, in cases involving issues like child custody, spousal support, or property division in divorce.
Similar to this, when deciding on an appropriate sentence in criminal cases, judges may need to take into account elements like the defendant's background, mental health and other mitigating circumstances.
Learn more about Judges at:
brainly.com/question/16726610
#SPJ1
what are the essential requisites of an obligation give example
An active subject, who has the power to demand the prestation, known as the creditor or oblige , A passive subject, who is bound to perform the prestation, known as debtor or obligor.
Examples of Obligations?If a person consistently misses their car payments, the automaker will seize and reclaim the vehicle.An obligation is a legal need to give, to perform, or not to do anything. Taxes are a type of duty, and failing to pay them results in steep fines or jail. 1. For an obligation to have legal force, it must be of a juridical type. Through this, the fulfilment of an obligation may be ordered by the court. An obligation can be natural or civil.
To learn more about Obligations refer:
https://brainly.ph/question/4063243
#SPJ9
Banking Problems. Constance and Blair are both loan officers at ABC Bank. Constance, being somewhat dishonest, tells Henry, a customer of the bank who is wealthy and rarely checks the status of outstanding loans and balances, that she is collecting money for a local animal shelter. She asks him to sign a pledge that he will contribute $50 to the animal shelter. In fact, she had him sign a promissory note made out to her for $5,000, which she later endorsed to Richard. Henry proceeds back to one of his businesses, a used car dealership. Taylor comes in to purchase a used car. He and Henry agree that Taylor will purchase a used car for $3,000. Martha also comes in, and she and Henry agree that she will purchase a used car for $4,000. Both Taylor and Martha make out promissory notes payable to Henry. At the end of the day, Henry is looking through the notes and decides that Taylor's was mistakenly made out for $3,000. Henry mistakenly, but honestly, believed that the deal was for $3,500. Therefore, he changes the note to reflect that Taylor owed $3,500. Henry, on the other hand, simply did not like Martha. He decided that $4,000 was not enough for the car. Accordingly, he changed the note to $4,500. Which of the following is true regarding Martha's liability to Henry?
a. He will be liable because an official banking document was involved. 0 O He can claim fraud in the inducement
b. He will be liable without further inquiry unless he can establish that the note had not been endorsed to a holder in due course.
c. He can claim fraud in the factum, and whether he is liable or not will depend upon whether a court determines that he should have known what he was signing
d. He will not be liable, because a party is never liable when the party signed a negotiable instrument without knowing that it is, in fact, a negotiable instrument
Answer:C
Explanation:
Out of the choices provided above, it can be concluded to state that the Martha's personal liability to Henry will be such that he can claim fraud in the factum, and whether he is liable or not will depend upon whether a court determines that he should have known what he was signing. Therefore, the option C holds true.
What is the significance of personal liability?Personal liability can be referred to or considered as the liability that has to be borne by the person in his or her individual capacity. For example, a sole proprietorship has personal liability, wherein the owner of the business is liable for all the losses in an organization, if any.
For the above situation, Martha will be decided by law is he is personally liable towards Henry. This is because he is given the protection to claim fraud in the factum, and the liability of Martha will be determined by the verdict or the decision given by a court of law in this regard.
Therefore, the option C holds true and states regarding the significance of personal liability.
Learn more about personal liability here:
https://brainly.com/question/28222036
#SPJ5
when i refused to take an oath of loyalty to the confederate states of america, i was replaced as governor of texas. who am i?
The answer is Sam Houston. He ended up being replaced by Edward Clark.
why does it help o differenciate between self-esteem,self-image and self value?
Answer:
self value is what you think you are worth basically how much you think of yourself
self image is how you take care of yourself and how you look
self esteem is the confidence that you have for yourself
what is structured sentencing mandatroy?
Answer:
Felons sentenced to prison must serve 100% of their minimum term and may serve up to their maximum term if they do not work or participate in programs.
Answer: Structured sentencing is mandatory because it promotes fairness, consistency, and transparency in the criminal justice system.
Explanation: In the United States, structured sentencing is a system that was designed to replace discretionary sentencing, which gave judges wide discretion in determining criminal sentences. Under the discretionary system, sentences could vary widely depending on the judge's personal beliefs, biases, and other factors. This lack of uniformity and consistency in sentencing led to many criticisms of the criminal justice system, including claims of racial and class biases.
Structured sentencing, on the other hand, is a guidelines-based system that requires judges to follow a set of guidelines when determining a sentence. The guidelines take into account the severity of the crime, the defendant's criminal history, and other relevant factors. This system ensures that similarly situated defendants are treated fairly and that the punishment fits the crime.
The mandatory aspect of structured sentencing means that judges must follow the guidelines, with limited exceptions, for all cases. This eliminates the possibility of arbitrary or capricious sentencing and ensures consistency across the criminal justice system.
In summary, structured sentencing is mandatory because it promotes fairness, consistency, and transparency in the criminal justice system. It eliminates arbitrary and biased sentencing and ensures that defendants are punished appropriately for their crimes.
Hope this helps, and have a great day!
In general, employers are required to pay state unemployment taxes (A) monthly. (B) during the month following each calendar quarter. (C) annually. (D) none of these.
Employers are generally required to pay state unemployment taxes during the month following each calendar quarter. Therefore, option B is correct.
Unemployment taxes, also known as unemployment insurance taxes, are levies imposed on employers by federal and state governments to fund unemployment insurance programs. These programs provide financial assistance to eligible workers who have lost their jobs and meet certain criteria.
Employers are required to contribute to these funds through the payment of unemployment taxes based on various factors such as their payroll size, the number of employees, and the industry they operate in.
The amount of taxes owed by employers is determined by a tax rate established by the government, which can vary based on the employer's history of layoffs and the overall stability of the unemployment insurance system.
These taxes are crucial for sustaining unemployment benefits and supporting individuals during periods of job loss or economic downturns.
Learn more about unemployment taxes here:
https://brainly.com/question/2138574
#SPJ4
Thomas is a 14-year-old student who applies for a job operating machinery at a local grocery store. Though he would make a good employee, the store manager declines to hire him. What law is this based on?
Answer: child labor law
Explanation: hes too young to be allowed to work legally
Elsa, 26 years of age, was employed as a rigger for Frozen Pty Ltd. While she operated one crane at work, she was struck in the face by a heavy steel chain which slipped out from a machine operated by another crane worker. The blow to her face rendered her unconscious for several minutes. The blow also broke bones in her nose and cheeks. She spent 12 days in hospital, including having cranial surgery to insert plates. From the surgery, she has scarring over her head mostly behind her hairline. She has been left virtually blind in her left eye. She has lost sensation on the left side of her forehead and cheek. She lost her sense of smell and, because of that, most of her sense of taste. She has some degree of memory impairment and some
mood effects. After four months, she had recovered sufficiently to return to her work as a rigger, on light duties. A month later, she was back to working full hours and after another month, she was doing her full pre-injury duties. Nevertheless, she no longer felt comfortable performing those duties and, in any event, was offered new employment in a field she had been pursuing for some years, working as a construction supervisor in a large building company. She took up that employment in November 2015, earning a higher salary than she earned in her previous employment as a rigger. However, Elsa found that although she really enjoyed the new job, her health problems from the original accident at Frozen Pty Ltd worsened while at her new job
which meant that she had to leave. Elsa now wants to sue Frozen Ply Ltd in negligence for injuries sustained from her
original workplace injuries Task: Advise whether Elsa may be successful in a claim for compensation through the Common Law of Negligence. Discuss the relevance of vicarious liability and any defences which may be raised by Frozen Pty Ltd as part of
your response. Use case references to support your answer.
Elsa may have a viable claim for compensation through the Common Law of Negligence against Frozen Pty Ltd. The employer has a duty of care towards its employees to provide a safe working environment and take reasonable measures to prevent accidents and injuries.
Vicarious liability may be relevant in this case, as it holds an employer liable for the actions of its employees performed within the scope of their employment.
Frozen Pty Ltd may raise defenses to mitigate or avoid liability. One possible defense is contributory negligence, arguing that Elsa's own actions or conduct contributed to the injuries. However, the severity of the injuries and the fact that Elsa was simply performing her job duties as a rigger may weaken this defense.
Case references and further legal analysis would be necessary to fully assess Elsa's chances of success in her claim. Consulting with a legal professional specializing in personal injury law would provide a comprehensive evaluation of the specific circumstances and applicable laws in this jurisdiction to determine the strength of Elsa's case.
Learn more about jurisdiction : brainly.com/question/12448353
#SPJ11
A) using your equation from step 2d, estimate the gpa of a student who studies for 15 hours a week. justify your answer. the equation is y=0.15x+0.71
Using the equation y=0.15x+0.71, we can estimate the GPA of a student who studies for 15 hours a week. In this equation, 'y' represents the student's GPA, and 'x' represents the number of hours spent studying per week.
To estimate the GPA of a student who studies for 15 hours a week, we need to substitute 'x' with 15 in the equation:
y = 0.15(15) + 0.71
y = 2.25 + 0.71
y = 2.96
Therefore, based on this equation, a student who studies for 15 hours a week is estimated to have a GPA of approximately 2.96.
This estimate is justified because the equation y=0.15x+0.71 is presumably derived from a data analysis or a study that analyzed the relationship between the number of hours spent studying per week and the students' GPA. By using this equation, we assume a linear relationship between the two variables, where an increase in study hours results in an increase in the GPA. This estimate provides a reasonable prediction of a student's GPA based on the given number of study hours. However, it is essential to note that the actual GPA might vary depending on other factors not considered in the equation, such as the student's learning style, course difficulty, and other personal factors.
to know about students GPA visit
https://brainly.com/question/14200898
#SPJ11
Glen is a dairy farmer who owns 500 milk cows. His fences are in poor repair, and his cows are often found eating the grass on Hank's land. Hank believes that Glen is responsible for damages to Hank's land on a theory of strict liability. The court will most likely find that Glen is:
Answer:
I would say that Glen is responsible for all of the damages that are caused to Hank's land because the cows belong Glen and it is Glen's responsibility to fix things that are broken on his land so that way the animals don't escape. There fore I would say that Glen is responsible for the damages because he failed to keep his cows under control.
Explanation:
What is a Good Samaritan policy in relation to alcohol abuse
Answer:
Amherst College
Explanation:
This chapter presented an overview of federal statutes that were designed to protect ________.
A
A. Individual rights
B. The right to privacy
C. The right of self-determination
D. ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT
The answer to the question is D. ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT.
What is the reason?This chapter presented an overview of various federal statutes that were designed to protect individual rights, the right to privacy, and the right of self-determination.
These statutes include the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures; the Fifth Amendment, which protects against self-incrimination and double jeopardy; the Fourteenth Amendment, which protects against discrimination; and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which protects the privacy of medical information.
These statutes are all important in ensuring that individuals' rights and freedoms are protected, and that they have control over their own lives and personal information.
Hence, option d. is correct.
To know more on Privacy visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14603023
#SPJ11
Sumner is an accountant accused of negligence by a client. Which of the following defenses should Sumner argue?
A) Actual fraud was lacking.
B) The negligence was NOT the proximate cause of the client's losses.
C) Contributory negligence negates liability for a client's losses.
D) Scienter was lacking
Sumner, the accountant accused of negligence, should argue the defense that the negligence was NOT the proximate cause of the client's losses (Option B).
In the given scenario, Sumner is accused of negligence by a client. Among the options provided, the defense that Sumner should argue is that the negligence was NOT the proximate cause of the client's losses (Option B).
Proximate cause is a legal concept that determines whether the negligent act or omission was the direct cause of the harm suffered by the plaintiff. To successfully defend against the negligence claim, Sumner could argue that even if negligence occurred, it did not directly cause the losses suffered by the client. Proximate cause requires a close connection between the negligent act and the resulting harm.
The other options provided (A, C, and D) do not directly address the issue of proximate cause. Option A relates to actual fraud, which is a different legal concept from negligence. Option C refers to contributory negligence, which is a defense applicable when the plaintiff's own negligence contributes to the harm suffered. Option D, scienter, relates to knowledge or intent and may not be relevant to a negligence claim.
Therefore, the most appropriate defense for Sumner in this case would be to argue that the alleged negligence was NOT the proximate cause of the client's losses.
To learn more about Sumner refer:
https://brainly.com/question/29733543
#SPJ11
distinguish social behavior and legal behavior for example
Answer:
What is the difference between ethical behavior and legal behavior?
The distinction is important. Actions are 'legal' if they do not violate the laws or codes of the local government, state, or federal government. ... A formally adopted code of ethics is a legal requirement; when you violate a state or local government code of ethics there are specific consequences.
Explanation:
similarities that you see between the rights contained in the UN document
and the fundamental rights of United States citizens from the US Bill of Rights
Answer: Their pourpose, rights, and liberties.
Explanation:
Suppose that Indiana Power and Light (IPL) has been running two nuclear power plants in Northern Indiana for several years. Michigan Power and Illinois Electric also run power plants in the area. A river becomes contaminated with nuclear waste, and it is impossible to say for sure which nuclear power plant is to blame. Which is the best theory of liability that would allow plaintiffs to recover
The best theory of liability that would allow plaintiffs to recover regarding Indiana Power will be the traditional theory of tort liability.
What is liability?It should be noted that liability simply means the obligation of a for to individuals or other firms.
In this case, the best theory of liability that would allow plaintiffs to recover regarding Indiana Power will be the traditional theory of tort liability.
Learn more about liability on:
https://brainly.com/question/14921529
#SPJ1
What does propose in debate mean?.
Propose in debate mean that there is a proposition team and an opposing team in every discussion round.
An employee's argument for a new position that would address a specific problem at their organization is known as a job proposal. The proposal outlines the duties of the new function and how the applicant will use their education and experience to be successful in the position.
The motion is proposed by the proposal team, which means they make an argument for it. The opposing team makes an argument against the motion, which is known as opposing it.
Learn more about Propose in debate mean here: brainly.com/question/1079762
#SPJ4
The Statute of Limitations on any medical malpractice case (to file a claim) after injury or death is: Select one: a. 1 year, no more than 3 years b. Forever c. 10 years d. 5 years The Affordable Care Act (ACA) involved caps on medical malpractice cases and tort reform was an important factor in the ACA. Select one: True False
The Statute of Limitations on any medical malpractice case (to file a claim) after injury or death is 3 years.
The statement "The Affordable Care Act (ACA) involved caps on medical malpractice cases and tort reform was an important factor in the ACA." is false as Affordable Care Act primarily focuses on healthcare reform, insurance coverage, and expanding access to healthcare.
The time frame within which a legal action must be filed is referred to as the Statute of Limitations. The Statute of Limitations establishes the window of time within which a claim must be made in a medical malpractice case following an injury or fatality brought on by medical negligence.
The Statute of Limitations for medical malpractice claims is typically three years in length in many jurisdictions including some states in the United States. This means that people who believe they are the victims of medical malpractice must file a lawsuit within three years of the injury, the date they learned of the negligence or the date they reasonably should have known about it.
The applicable Statute of Limitations for medical malpractice cases should be determined by consulting the specific laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction in order to ensure accuracy. This can assist people in comprehending the window of opportunity they have to file a claim and protect their legal rights.
Learn more about Statute of Limitations at:
brainly.com/question/12985717
#SPJ4
Emile Durkheim believed that when people left their traditional farms and moved into the cities to work in factories, their behavior became:
A.
normal.
B.
normless.
C.
deviant.
D.
more conforming.
Emile Durkheim felt that as people left their customary fields to work in industries and relocated to cities, their conduct became normless. Thus, option (B) is correct.
What is the meaning of behavior?Behavior refers to the action or the response made by the person in the particular situation. Every persons' behavior varies as it is influenced by the family background, society, cultures, traditions etc. The behavior tells about the nature or the character of the person.
The term normless can be defined as the thing that lacks the rules, regulation or the norm. According to the above situation, Emile Durkheim felt that as people left their customary fields to work in industries and relocated to cities, their conduct became normless.
Therefore, it can be concluded that option (B) is correct.
Learn more about behavior here:
https://brainly.com/question/8871012
#SPJ2
What are the purposes of the labeling laws set and enforced by the FDA and USDA? Select all that apply.
Explanation:
There are no options to select from in this question. These laws ensure that
1. All foods are safe except for food like meat or maybe poultry and it's products.
2. It ensures all drugs as well as veterinary drugs are safe as well as effective.
3. They ensure that biological products like bloods, tissues are safe as well as effective.
4. These laws make sure cosmetics are safe for public use.
Purpose of labeling
1. Labeling ensures that the product is well described as well as specification for it's products.
2. It gives complete information of the product in question.
3. It tells all the ingredients that are included in the product, as well as their uses and whatever caution has to be exercised while it is being used.
depending on the classifications, the courts apply different levels of scrutiny, or tests, to determine whether the law or action violates equal protection. what is one of the three standards a court may use?
The answer is "Strict scrutiny". It is the one that court may use depending on the classifications, the courts apply different levels of scrutiny, or tests, to determine whether the law or action violates equal protection.
Strict scrutiny is the highest level of scrutiny that is used by the courts to determine whether a statute or act violates equal protections. This level of scrutiny applies to laws or measures that contain a “suspicious classification” or a “fundamental right”. In order for the law or measure to pass, it must be "strictly tailored" to achieve an "overriding state interest."
The law must be specifically designed to achieve a specific purpose, and the purpose must take precedence. Strict control aims to protect the rights of individuals and groups of people who are considered socially and politically disadvantaged. Laws or acts that(under strict scrutiny), violate the same protections may be repealed or revised to meet the needs of the court.
To know more about Strict scrutiny:
brainly.com/question/11550284
#SPJ4
List out advantage of fulfilling duties and responsibilities
Answer:
They are:
1. We become responsible.
2. People love and respect us
3. We may become revolutionary icon.
4. Our country develops rapidly and progresses.
5. We become a good person.
Explanation:
hope this help uhh
Jails serve a number of purposes. Which do you believe is the most important and why?
Imagine you are the district attorney of your county and are about to face a 20% budget cut in the next fiscal year, which would mean that 20% of your prosecutors would be laid off. The layoffs would mean that your office would not be able to prosecute most misdemeanor cases and up to 10% of felony cases. You are forced to choose between prosecuting auto theft or domestic violence cases. Which one would it be and why?
As the district attorney, facing a budget cut and having to lay off 20% of my prosecutors, I would need to make a difficult decision on which types of cases to prioritize. While both auto theft and domestic violence cases are serious offenses that warrant prosecution, given the limited resources available, I would prioritize domestic violence cases.
Why is Domestic Violence a Priority?Domestic violence cases are some of the most dangerous and complex criminal cases. They often involve intimate partner violence and pose a significant threat to the safety and well-being of the victims, their families, and the community at large. Failure to prosecute these cases can result in devastating consequences, including loss of life, physical and emotional harm, and long-term trauma.
On the other hand, auto theft cases, while significant, may not pose an immediate threat to public safety and security. They are also less complex and require fewer resources to investigate and prosecute. Furthermore, many auto theft cases are insured, which means that victims can recover their losses through insurance claims, whereas victims of domestic violence may not have such recourse.
Learn more about domestic violence here:
https://brainly.com/question/26674966
#SPJ1
What if you were the police chief and supported stop and frisk , but some of your minority officers did not? What would you do?
Civil disobedience ________. a. respects both positive and natural law. b. violates positive and natural law c. seeks to change natural law.
Answer:
"Option a" seems to be the correct solution.
Explanation:
A conscientious or even a thoughtful person really shouldn't comply or conform by either a legal statute that would be deeply unequal. Civil disobedience could reinforce the separation of powers by committing to either the reversal or adjustment of unfair or significantly wrong regulations until the failure to obey the framework benefit of the entire does have a capability of winning effect.Other alternatives weren’t linked to the sort of situation in question. So "Option a" is the right experience.