How do living systems follow the laws of conservation of mass?

The compound NH4Cl or ammonium chloride is composed of two ions: ammonium ion (NH4+) and chloride ion (Cl-). The ammonium ion is a polyatomic cation made up of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms, while the chloride ion is a monatomic anion made up of one chlorine atom.

Answer:

B. oxygen, glucose

Cellular respiration is a complex process by which cells break down glucose molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The process involves three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

The process begins with molecules of glucose, which are broken down during glycolysis. This stage takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen. Glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, and energy in the form of ATP and NADH is produced.

The second stage, the Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria of the cell and requires oxygen. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. During this stage, acetyl-CoA is broken down into carbon dioxide, ATP, and electron carriers like NADH and FADH2.

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation, which also takes place in the mitochondria. During this stage, NADH and FADH2 produced during the first two stages are used to produce a large amount of ATP through a process called the electron transport chain. Oxygen is used as the final electron acceptor, and water is produced as a byproduct.

Overall, cellular respiration is an essential process for all living organisms, as it provides the necessary energy for various cellular activities. It begins with glucose molecules, which are broken down in a series of steps to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

The de Broglie wavelength of an electron traveling at 1.59×105m/s is  0.4547 x 10⁻⁹ m.

The elementary electric charge of the electron is a negative one, making it a subatomic particle. Due to their lack of known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are typically regarded to be elementary particles.

The length scale at which a particle's wave-like characteristics are significant is indicated by its de Broglie wavelength. The symbol or dB is typically used to indicate the De Broglie wavelength. The de Broglie wavelength for a particle with momentum p is given by dB = hp.

λ = h/mv

Where,

λ = wavelength of electron

m = mass of electron = 9.11e-31 kg

v = speed of electron = 1.59 × 10⁵ m/s

h = constant

Therefore,

λ = (6.626x10⁻³⁴J-s) ÷  [(9.11e-31 kg) (1.59 x 10⁵ m/s)]

λ = 0.4547 x 10⁻⁹ m

Thus, The de Broglie wavelength of an electron traveling at 1.59×105m/s is  0.4547 x 10⁻⁹ m.

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It would require approximately 600 kilojoules of energy to vaporize 2 kg of copper.

To calculate the energy required to vaporize a substance, we need to consider the heat of vaporization, which is the amount of energy required to convert a given amount of substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state at a constant temperature.

The heat of vaporization for copper is approximately 300 kJ/kg (kilojoules per kilogram) at its boiling point, which is around 2567 degrees Celsius (4649 degrees Fahrenheit). This means that for every kilogram of copper, 300 kJ of energy is needed to vaporize it.

Given that you have 2 kg of copper, we can calculate the total energy required as follows:

Energy = Heat of Vaporization × Mass

Energy = 300 kJ/kg × 2 kg

Energy = 600 kJ

Therefore, it would require approximately 600 kilojoules of energy to vaporize 2 kg of copper.

It's worth noting that the heat of vaporization can vary slightly depending on the purity of the copper and the specific conditions, such as temperature and pressure. The value provided here is an approximation. Additionally, it's important to handle copper and any high-temperature processes with caution, as they can pose safety hazards.

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Barium chloride turned from sparkly white into dull white during the heating process.

An inorganic substance with the formula BaCl2 is barium chloride. It is among the most popular barium salts that dissolve in water. Like the majority of some of the other water-soluble barium salts, is also white, extremely hazardous, and gives flames a yellow-green tint.

Among the most common barium salts is barium chloride. Bacl2 is hygroscopic and soluble in water. Deep hypokalemia, generalized muscle weakness, and eventually paralysis of the limbs and breathing muscles can occur within 1 to 4 hours of consumption.

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Answer:

The Less accuracy of this method is the reason for this balance affecting the number of significant digits to which the experimental molecular weight of carbon dioxide can be reported.

Explanation:

As we know the triple-beam-balance method is a less accurate method of measurement of mass.

An accurate molecular weight is not required in this case. So, this method is being used because much accuracy is not required.

That is why this balance affects the number of significant digits to which the experimental molecular weight of carbon dioxide can be reported.

Theoretically, we would lose 0.588 g of CO2 in this reaction.

The balanced equation for the reaction between iron (III) carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:

Fe2(CO3)3 + 6 HCl → 2 FeCl3 + 3 CO2 + 3 H2O

From the equation, we can see that one mole of iron (III) carbonate reacts with 6 moles of hydrochloric acid, and produces 3 moles of carbon dioxide.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of iron (III) carbonate in 1.3 g. The molar mass of Fe2(CO3)3 is:

2 x (55.845 g/mol Fe) + 3 x (12.011 g/mol C) + 9 x (15.999 g/mol O) = 291.441 g/mol

Number of moles of Fe2(CO3)3 = mass / molar mass

= 1.3 g / 291.441 g/mol

= 0.004455 mol

To ensure an excess of hydrochloric acid, we need to provide at least 6 times the number of moles of HCl as the number of moles of Fe2(CO3)3. So, the number of moles of HCl required is:

Number of moles of HCl = 6 x number of moles of Fe2(CO3)3

= 6 x 0.004455 mol

= 0.02673 mol

Now, we can use the molarity of the HCl solution to calculate the volume required:

Molarity of HCl = number of moles / volume

Volume of HCl = number of moles / molarity

Volume of HCl = 0.02673 mol / 1.0 M

= 26.73 mL

Therefore, we need 26.73 mL of 1.0 M HCl solution to ensure an excess of HCl.

Finally, we can calculate the theoretical amount of CO2 produced:

Number of moles of CO2 = 3 x number of moles of Fe2(CO3)3

= 3 x 0.004455 mol

= 0.013365 mol

Mass of CO2 = number of moles x molar mass

= 0.013365 mol x 44.01 g/mol

= 0.588 g

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Answer:

"The Circuit" by author Francisco Jimenez, tells the story of Panchito and his experiences on a new country, having to deal with learning a second language and adapting to a new culture and environment. Even if you had not been in a similar situation as Panchito, you could connect his stories to your personal experiences at school in many ways. Maybe, the first classes of spanish or french were difficult to you as you could not understand all the words the teacher was saying, but as you were learning things were easier for you. Or you can connect Panchito's experiences by writing about that time in school you were not afraid of asking for help when you had to deal with a difficult situation 

Antifreeze is the coolant used in car engines that regulates the temperature. The cooling system turns over around 40 times to regulate the temperature.

Heat is the product of the mass, temperature change, and the specific heat of the substance.

Given,

The heat of surroundings = 44000 kJ

Mass of the substance = 8719 gm

Specific heat = 8.37 J/g degrees celsius

Change in temperature = 15 degrees celsius

Q system is calculated as:

8719 × 8.37 × 15

= 1095 kJ

The number of antifreeze is calculated as:

Δ H ÷ Q system = 44000 ÷ 1095

= 40

Therefore, 40 times the cooling system was turned over.

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Potassium + sodium oxide → sodium + potassium oxide

This is because Potassium is higher on the reactivity list than Sodium therefore displaces it.

Please like.

a.) The balanced equation for the reaction is:

\(H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- → 2H2O E° = +1.78 V\\Ni2+ + 2e- → Ni E° = -0.25 V\)

b.) The balanced equation for the reaction is:

\(2H2O + Mg2+ + 2e- → H2O2 + Mg E° = -2.37 V\)

c.) The balanced equation for the reaction is:

\(2Al3+ + 3OH- → Al + 3/2O2 + 3H2O E° = +1.67 V\)

a) Assuming standard conditions of 1 M concentration for all species, the Nernst equation can be used to calculate the open circuit potential:

\(Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)lnQ\)

Where:

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/(mol*K)

T = temperature in Kelvin

n = number of electrons transferred in the balanced equation (in this case, 2)

F = Faraday constant = 96,485 C/mol

Q = reaction quotient =\([Ni2+]/([H2O2][H+]^2)\)

At standard conditions, Q = 1, so the equation simplifies to:

Ecell = E°cell

Ecell = +2.03 V

b) Assuming standard conditions of 1 M concentration for all species, the Nernst equation can be used to calculate the open circuit potential:

\(Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)lnQ\)

Where:

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/(mol*K)

T = temperature in Kelvin

n = number of electrons transferred in the balanced equation (in this case, 2)

F = Faraday constant = 96,485 C/mol

Q = reaction quotient = \([H2O2][Mg]/([H2O]^2[Mg2+])\)

At standard conditions, Q = 1, so the equation simplifies to:

Ecell = E°cell

Ecell = +2.37 V

c) Assuming standard conditions of 1 M concentration for all species, the Nernst equation can be used to calculate the open circuit potential:

\(Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)lnQ\)

Where:

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/(mol*K)

T = temperature in Kelvin

n = number of electrons transferred in the balanced equation (in this case, 6)

F = Faraday constant = 96,485 C/mol

Q = reaction quotient =\([Al][OH-]/([Al3+][H2O]^3)\)

At standard conditions, Q = 1, so the equation simplifies to:

Ecell = E°cell

Ecell = -1

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(a) Because acid is caustic, dolphins can perish from exposure to it. Acids are compounds that give other things protons (H+). Acid can react with the proteins and lipids in dolphins' skin when they come into touch with it, leading to chemical burns and damage to the underlying tissue. Systemic consequences from this include death.

(b) Because chlorine is a potent oxidizer, it interacts with red-hot iron powder to produce Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) rather than Iron(II) chloride (FeCl2). FeCl3 is created when chlorine at high temperatures rapidly accepts electrons from iron atoms. Contrarily, iron interacts with HCl, a less potent oxidizer than chlorine, to produce FeCl2.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV . This energy will be provided by energetic proton , the kinetic energy of which is 1000 eV.  The kinetic energy of ionized electron is 15.2 eV . Kinetic energy of proton produced from from the ionization of hydrogen or the nucleus of the hydrogen atom is 4.3 eV . All these energy must have come from kinetic energy of initial proton.

So kinetic energy of projectile proton after collision

= 1000 - ( 13.6 + 15.2 + 4.3 ) eV.

= 966.9 eV .

The correct answer based on relative electronegativity would be:

Br > P > C > Mg

What is Electronegativity?

Electronegativity is a measure of an element's tendency to attract a bonding pair of electrons towards itself when it forms a chemical bond with another element. It is a property of elements that reflects their ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.

Electronegativity is a measure of an element's tendency to attract a bonding pair of electrons. In general, electronegativity increases from left to right across a period in the periodic table and decreases from top to bottom within a group. Therefore, Bromine (Br) would have the highest electronegativity among the given options, followed by Phosphorus (P), Carbon (C), and Magnesium (Mg) with the lowest electronegativity.

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Answer:

a) \(Ea=-131.522x10^{3}\frac{J}{mol}\)

b) \(k_3=1.98x10^{-5}s^{-1}\)

Explanation:

Hello,

a) In this case, for this kinetics problem, we can consider the temperature-dependent Arrhenius equation:

\(ln(\frac{k_2}{k_1} )=\frac{Ea}{R}(\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{T_1} )\)

In such a way, for the given temperatures and rate constant, we compute the activation energy as follows:

\(ln(\frac{0.228s^{-1}}{0.000122s^{-1}} )=\frac{Ea}{R}(\frac{1}{(77+273)K}-\frac{1}{(27+273)K} )\\\\7.533=\frac{Ea}{R}*-4.762x10^{-4}K^{-1}\\ \\Ea=R\frac{7.533}{-4.762x10^{-4}K^{-1}} \\\)

\(Ea=8.314\frac{J}{mol*K}*-15819.3K\\\\Ea=-131.522x10^{3}\frac{J}{mol}\)

b) In this case, we use the previously computed activation energy in order to compute the rate constant at the asked 17°C:

\(k_3=k_1exp(\frac{Ea}{R}(\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{T_1} ))\\\\k_3=0.000122s^{-1}exp[\frac{-131.522x10^3\frac{J}{mol} }{8.314\frac{J}{mol*K}}*(\frac{1}{(17+273)K} -\frac{1}{(27+273)K} )]\\\\k_3=1.98x10^{-5}s^{-1}\)

Best regards.

Ionic compounds have higher melting point than covalent compounds.

Carbon dioxide have lower melting point (-56.6 °C) among the given compounds.

Melting point is the temperature at which the substance melts into liquid thus at this temperature its solid state and liquid state are in equilibrium. Melting point is depend upon the bond type and mass of the compound.

Ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds and hence ionic compounds have higher melting point than covalent compounds. Hence, lithium chloride and calcium bromide have higher melting point.

Silicon is bigger than carbon thus silicon dioxide melts at higher temperature.  Carbon dioxide is purely covalent and melts at negative temperatures.

Hence, the compound with lower melting point here is carbon dioxide thus, option A is correct.

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Answer:

Ammonia | NH3 or H3N | CID 222 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical ... Ammonia, 0.5M solution in 1,4-dioxane, AcroSeal(R) ... 3.2.2Color/Form.

Explanation:

The chemical formula for ammonia is NH3. It has many names including hydrogen nitride, Nitrosil, and Vaporole. Its molar mass is 17.0306 g/mol[1]. Ammonia has a Page 3 strong pungent odor.

It is likely that the temperature of the steam is higher than the temperature of the water boiling in the kettle. The intense heat felt by Alka from the puff of steam supports this observation.

In general, the temperature of steam produced from boiling water is higher than the temperature of the water itself. When water boils, it undergoes a phase change from a liquid to a gas, forming steam.

During this phase change, the water absorbs heat energy from the heat source, such as a stove or electric kettle, and converts it into the latent heat of vaporization.

The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) at standard atmospheric pressure. At this temperature, the water molecules have enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces and transition into the gaseous state.

However, steam is hotter than the boiling point of water because it contains additional heat energy in the form of latent heat. The heat energy absorbed during vaporization is stored as latent heat within the steam. As the steam gushes out of the spout of the kettle, it releases this latent heat energy, which can be felt as intense heat.

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Answer:

2 KCO3 → 2 KC + 3 O2

Explanation:

Reaction Type

Decomposition

Reactants

KCO3

Products

KC

Dioxygen - O2

O₂ Oxygen Molecular Oxygen Diatomic Oxygen Triplet Oxygen Oxygen Gas Liquid Oxygen LOx

Answer:

She say that im cool

I'm like "yeah thats true"

I believe in G-O-D

Dont believe in T-H-O-T

Explanation:

Answer:

rolling in the deep

Explanation:

Answer:

84.3 g of nitrogen triiodide is the theoretical yield.

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the chemical reaction:

\(N_2 + 3I_2 \rightarrow 2NI_3\)

It is possible to compute the theoretical yield of nitrogen triiodide by each reactant via stoichiometry as shown below:

\(m_{NI_3}^{by\ N_2}=4.49gN_2*\frac{1molN_2}{28.01gN_2} *\frac{2molNI_3}{1molN_2}*\frac{394.72gNI_3}{1molNI_3} =126.55gNI_3\\\\m_{NI_3}^{by\ I_2}=81.3gI_2*\frac{1molI_2}{253.81gI_2} *\frac{2molNI_3}{3molI_2}*\frac{394.72gNI_3}{1molNI_3} =84.29gNI_3\)

Therefore, we infer that the smallest amount is the correct theoretical yield as it comes from the limiting reactant, in this case, diatomic iodine as it yields 84.3 g (three significant figures) of nitrogen triiodide as the theoretical yield; incidentally, nitrogen acts as the excess reactant.

Best regards!

Answer:

6605.3900 g/

Explanation:

The statement "Each member of a homologous series differs from its nearest neighbors by 14 amu" is true of members about a homologous series.

In organic chemistry, a homologous series unveils itself as a sequential assembly of compounds exhibiting an identical functional group, boasting akin chemical traits. Within this series, the constituents can either sport a branched or unbranched structure, or deviate through the molecular formula of CH2 and a molecular mass variation of 14u.

This divergence may manifest as the elongation of a carbon chain, as observed in the linear alkanes (paraffins), or as the augmentation in the count of monomers forming a homopolymer, such as amylose.

The entities belonging to a homologous series typically embrace a fixed assortment of functional groups, thereby conferring upon them resemblant chemical and physical characteristics.

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The new pressure when the can is heated to 1235 °C is 4031.8 torr

we'llbegin by listing out the parameters obtained from the question. This is given below:

The new pressure can be obtained as illustrated below:

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

Volume = contant

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂

770 / 288 = P₂ / 1508

Cross multiply

P₂ × 288 = 770 × 1508

P₂ × 288 = 1161160

Divide both sides by 288

P₂ = 1161160 / 288

P₂ = 4031.8 torr

Thus, the pressure of the can is 4031.8 torr

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Answer: Temperature = T, unknown

Saturated Solution, NH4Cl concentration = 60g/100g H2O = 0.6g NH4Cl/g H2O

Assume density of H2O = 1 g/ml

m = 0.6g NH4Cl/g H2O / 1 g/ml

m = 0.6g NH4Cl/ml

See the table of saturated solutions and identify the temperature at which the concentration of NH4Cl is 60g/100g H2O.

Explanation:  The line on the graph on reference table G indicates a saturated solution of NH4CL as a concentration of 60. g NH4 Cl/100. g H2O

We can see here that the catalytic cycle for the hydrogenation of alkenes using Wilkinson's catalyst involves several steps.

Here's an overview of the catalytic cycle, including the necessary details:

i. Chemical structure of the catalyst:

Wilkinson's catalyst, also known as chloridotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I), has the following chemical structure: [RhCl(PPh3)3]

ii. Molecular geometry of the catalyst:

The Wilkinson's catalyst has a trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the rhodium center. The three triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands occupy equatorial positions, while the chloride (Cl) ligand occupies an axial position.

iii. Type of reactions involved:

The catalytic cycle involves several reactions, including:

iv. Starting material, reagent, and solvent:

The starting material is an alkene, and the reagent is Wilkinson's catalyst ([RhCl(PPh3)3]). The reaction is typically carried out in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) or tetrahydrofuran (THF).

v. Major and minor end-products:

The major end-product of the hydrogenation reaction is the fully saturated alkane, resulting from the addition of hydrogen across the double bond. The minor end-product may include cis- or trans-configured alkanes if the original alkene substrate possesses geometric isomers.

vi. Intermediates:

The intermediates in the catalytic cycle include:

These intermediates play a crucial role in facilitating the hydrogenation reaction and enabling the catalytic cycle to proceed.

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Explanation:

if they aren't in a solvent, then you magnetize first, to remove the iron fillings, secondly, you can sieve to separate the sand and pebbles

Separate the pebbles by either straining them out or pulling each one out separately with tweezers or your fingertips.

To separate their soil mixes using the tools you have supplied, ask the groups to develop a plan. They might consider using forceps to separate the soil, shaking it between two tumblers, placing it in a water-filled tumbler, or pouring it through air. Invite student groups to present their ideas.

Pbbles  - Separate the pebbles by either straining them out or pulling each one out separately with tweezers or your fingertips. As a strainer, a colander or a section of window screen works well. Iron fillings Using a magnet, it is simple to remove the tiny iron filings from the mixture.

Therefore, separate the pebbles by either straining them out or pulling each one out separately with tweezers or your fingertips.

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The word equations tells us that the combination of copper oxide and sulfuric acid produces copper sulfate and water

A word equation is a way to represent a chemical reaction using words instead of chemical formulas or symbols. It describes the reactants and products of the reaction in a clear and understandable manner as we see in the question that was shown as equation.

Note that the copper oxide and the sulfuric acids are the reactants that are combined and the copper sulfate and the water are the products.

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The chemical formula for the compound is [RuCl₃(H₂O)₂]Cl•3H₂O.

The compound with formula RuCl₃⋅5H₂O is a coordination complex that contains a central ruthenium ion coordinated to ligands such as water molecules (H₂O) and chloride ions (Cl⁻). The number 5 in the formula indicates that the complex contains 5 water molecules, which are likely coordinated to the ruthenium ion.

When this compound is dissolved in water, it forms a solution that is approximately the same color as the solid, indicating that the coordination sphere remains intact in solution. Addition of excess AgNO₃(aq) to this solution causes a precipitation reaction to occur, where 2 moles of solid AgCl are formed per mole of the complex. This indicates that the chloride ions in the coordination sphere are displaced by the Ag⁺ ions from the AgNO₃(aq), forming solid AgCl.

The formula for the complex is [RuCl₃(H₂O)₂]Cl•3H₂O, which indicates that the ruthenium ion is coordinated to two water molecules and three chloride ions, and that the compound also contains one chloride ion outside the coordination sphere, and 3 water molecules as part of the crystal structure.

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Answer:

The waters' temp increased

Explanation:

The temperature of the water in the swimming pool has increased due to the heat from the Sun. As a result, the particles in the water are moving faster and have a higher kinetic energy than in the morning.