How many moles are in 13.5g of calcium?

So, it will take approximately 83.57 minutes for the reaction to be 85% complete if the reaction is zero order.

The given problem states that a reaction is 35% complete in 45.0 minutes and asks for the time it will take for the reaction to be 85% complete, assuming the reaction is zero order.

In a zero-order reaction, the rate of the reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactant. This means that the reaction proceeds at a constant rate, regardless of how much reactant is left.

To find the time it will take for the reaction to be 85% complete, we need to determine the amount of time it takes for the reaction to progress from 35% to 85% complete.

Let's break it down step by step:

1. We know that the reaction is 35% complete after 45.0 minutes. This means that 35% of the reactant has been consumed in that time.

2. To find the remaining reactant after 45.0 minutes, we subtract 35% from 100%. This gives us 65% remaining.

3. Since the reaction is zero order, the rate of the reaction is constant. Therefore, the time it takes for the reaction to progress from 35% to 85% complete will be the same as the time it took for the reaction to progress from 0% to 65% complete.

4. To find the time it takes for the reaction to progress from 0% to 65% complete, we can set up a proportion:

  (Time for 35%)/(Amount of reactant consumed for 35%) = (Time for 65%)/(Amount of reactant consumed for 65%)

  Let's denote the time it takes for the reaction to progress from 0% to 65% as 't'. Since the reaction is zero order, the amount of reactant consumed is directly proportional to time.

  Therefore, we can write the proportion as:
  45.0 min / 35% = t / 65%

5. Solving the proportion, we can cross-multiply and divide:
  (45.0 min) * (65%) = (35%) * (t)
  29.25 min = 0.35t
  t = 29.25 min / 0.35
  t ≈ 83.57 min

So, it will take approximately 83.57 minutes for the reaction to be 85% complete if the reaction is zero order.

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Answer:The statement electrons reside in the nucleus best describes an electrons in the given statements. The electrons are the subatomic particles which contribute negative charge to the atom and also balances protons and neutrons in an atom. They are very much needed to conduct electricity

Explanation: that is my answer because electrons are made of electricity

Answer:

dont know

Explanation:

Some animals would be forced to migrate due to cutting of forest , Option D is the correct answer.

The complete question is

Humans clear-cut a forest. Which is one possible way that animals would most likely be affected by this action? Some animals would adapt. Some animals would go extinct. Some animals would evolve. Some animals would be forced to migrate.

Deforestation means cutting down trees of the forest for wood , or for making more space for living.

Deforestation leads to destruction of habitats of animals .

The balance of the nature gets disturbed , the sea and water bodies get dried up , leading to no water for the animals in the forest.

Animals need big bushes and trees to hide and live.

The Ecosystem gets destroyed because of the cutting of trees by human and so this has lead the animals to migrate.

Therefore Option D is the correct answer.

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Answer:

Scientific theory differs from a guess or opinion because a scientific theory is a system of ideas that explains many related observation and is supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investigation while guesses and opinions may not reliably predict an outcome, have evidence to back up the theory

Explanation:

A scientific theory is defined as the explanation of the universe and the natural sciences. It differs from opinions and guesses as they are supported by observations and evidence.

A scientific theory has been a  detailed description and explanation of the natural sciences and the universe that are studied and developed with the help of the hypothesis and the facts.

It relies on the scientific method to conclude the accountability by observing, estimating, and then concluding the matter with supportive evidence.

It differs from guess and opinions as it involves investigations, research, evidence to back the idea, whereas the latter and are not reliable and lacks evidence.

Therefore, scientific theory differs from opinion.

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The amount of water which will take the longest time to raise its temperature by 8°C is 10 kL.

The formula used to calculate the energy required to heat a substance is as follows:

E = m * c * ∆T

Where:

E is energy in joulesm is mass in gramsc is specific heat capacity in J/g·°C∆T is the change in temperature in °C

Now that you have the specific heat capacity and the mass, you can calculate which measurement will require the most energy.

Let's use the formula to calculate for each measurement:

200 dL of water = 20,000 gramsc = 4.186 J/g·°C∆T = 8°C

Substituting into the formula:

E = 20,000 * 4.186 * 8E = 671,680 joules

10 kL of water = 10,000,000 grams

c = 4.186 J/g·°C∆T = 8°C

Substituting into the formula:

E = 10,000,000 * 4.186 * 8E = 334,144,000 joules

500 mL of water = 500 grams

c = 4.186 J/g·°C∆T = 8°C

Substituting into the formula:

E = 500 * 4.186 * 8E = 16,744 joules

The calculation results indicate that 10 kL of water will take the longest time to raise its temperature by 8°C.

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Answer:Polar molecules occur when there is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms. Nonpolar molecules occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other out.

Explanation:

Polar molecules include

bent,

planar

trigonal planar,

Non-polar molecules include

linear

The mass fraction of the solute in the solution, given that 89 g of sodium nitrate is dissolved in the solution is 0.279

The following data were obtained from the question:

Mass fraction of solute = mass of solute / Total mass of solution

Inputting the given parameters, we have:

Mass fraction of solute = 89 / 319

Mass fraction of solute = 0.278

Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the mass fraction of the solute is 0.279

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Answer:

22.4/3.8=5.89

Explanation:

Answer:

B. A battery.

Explanation:

I just took the test

After 24 days, you will have 1/2 kg

It's a common occurrence for radioactive isotopes to spontaneously decay over time, shedding their radioactive atoms. The period of time it takes for any sample of an element to be reduced to half its initial amount is known as the half-life of a radioactive isotope. The differential equation

dNdt=kN(t)

describes the decay of such radioactive isotopes, where N(t) is the number of radioactive atoms of the element that are still present at time t and k is the decay constant.

The solution to the aforementioned differential equation is N(t) = N (0)ekt, where N (0) is the initial sample's initial number of atoms.

Keep in mind that the natural logarithm has the identity

a ln n=a ln n.

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A) Be

B) Ca

C) Na

D) Ar

E) Cl

F)  Li

This question simply deals with ionization energy trends across the periodic table or down the group.

Ionization energy is the energy that is needed to remove an electron from its orbital around an atom in such a manner that it will no longer be associated with that same atom.

Now, from studies, it has been found that Ionization energy decreases down a group but it tends to increase as we go from the left to right going across the periodic table.

A) Li(Lithium) and Be(Berrylium) belong to the same period which is period 2 on the periodic table. Berrylium comes after berrylium in that period and as such from the rule earlier, berrylium will have the greater ionization energy.

B) Ca(Calcium) and Ba(Barium) belong to the same group 2 in the periodic table with barium further down the group. Thus, from the trend, Ca(Calcium) will have the greater ionization energy.

C) Na(Sodium) and K(Potassium) belong to the same group 1 in the periodic table with potassium further down the group. Thus, from the trend, Na(Sodium) will have the greater ionization energy.

D) P(Phosphorus) and Ar(Argon) belong to the same period which is period 3 on the periodic table. Argon comes after Phosphorus in that period and as such from the rule earlier, argon will have the greater ionization energy.

E) Cl(Chlorine) and Si(Silicon) belong to the same period which is period 3 on the periodic table. Cl(Chlorine) comes after Si(Silicon) in that period and as such from the rule earlier, Cl(Chlorine) will have the greater ionization energy.

F) Li(Lithium) and K(Potassium) belong to the same group 1 in the periodic table with potassium further down the group. Thus, from the trend,  Li(Lithium) will have the greater ionization energy.

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Butane is a gaseous molecule which is part of the organic compounds called  hydrocarbon,

Butane is a gaseous molecule which is generally called a hydrocarbon.

Hydrocarbons are composed of only carbon and hydrogen. They are of organic origin.

Butane is a low molecular weight hydrocarbon which is used as a fuel.

In conclusion, butane is a gaseous hydrocarbon,

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Answer:

In natural selection, organisms adapt to the environment to best suit nature's needs to survive. In selective breeding, it's as if nature were humans and the humans can choose which organisms can survive and die. They do it so they can develop organisms with desirable characteristics.

Answer:

thanks for the points

Explanation:

The pH of the solution is 9.95.

The reaction that explains this is given as NH4+ + OH- → NH3 + H2O

The pH of a solution with equal amounts of NH4Cl and NH3 is 12.21.

To solve this problem, we need to first write out the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NH4Cl and NH3:

NH4Cl + NH3 ⇌ NH4+ + NH2Cl

Next, we need to write out the equilibrium expression:

Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]

Since we are given the concentration of NH4Cl and NH3, we can use the initial concentrations to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of NH4+, NH2Cl, and NH3:

[NH4+] = 0.1 M × (0.1 L / 0.18 L) = 0.056 M

[NH2Cl] = 0.056 M

[NH3] = 0.2 M × (0.08 L / 0.18 L) = 0.089 M

Using the equilibrium expression and the value of Kb, we can solve for the concentration of hydroxide ions:

Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]

1.79 × 10^-5 = (0.056 M)(x) / (0.089 M)

x = 1.13 × 10^-5 M

Finally, we can use the concentration of hydroxide ions to calculate the pH of the solution:

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - (-log10(1.13 × 10^-5)) = 9.95

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 9.95.

If some NaOH is added to the solution but the pH barely changes, it means that the added NaOH is being neutralized by the NH4+ ions in the solution, forming more NH3 and water:

NH4+ + OH- → NH3 + H2O

This reaction helps to buffer the pH of the solution.

To calculate the pH of a solution with equal amounts of NH4Cl and NH3, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

where A- is the conjugate base of the acid, NH4+, and HA is the acid, NH3.

The pKa of NH4+ is given by:

pKa = pKw - pKb = 14 - 1.79 = 12.21

At the halfway point, the concentration of NH4+ and NH3 are equal:

[NH4+] = [NH3]

Substituting these values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we get:

pH = 12.21 + log(1) = 12.21

Therefore, the pH of a solution with equal amounts of NH4Cl and NH3 is 12.21.

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(C.) ch3ch2ch2ch2ch2oh. The option C compound, ch3ch2ch2ch2ch2oh, contains the most -OH groups of the compounds listed, making it the most soluble in water.

The quantity of hydroxyl (-OH) groups a molecule has typically affects how soluble it is in water. The compound in option C, ch3ch2ch2ch2ch2oh, contains the most -OH groups out of all the alternatives, making it the most water soluble.

In comparison to option C, the other two, A and B, are less soluble in water because they contain fewer -OH groups in their molecular structure. Option D, which states that all of these chemicals are equally soluble in water, is false because the molecular structure of an alcohol affects how soluble it is in water, and not all alcohols have the same molecular structure.

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Answer:

34 atoms

Explanation:

The negatively charged atoms are known to show the electron affinity. Hydrogen is more reactive than oganesson based on electron affinity.

The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom to create a negatively charged ion is known as electron affinity in chemistry.

Due to the difficulty in determining atoms' electron affinities, values are only known for a small number of chemical elements, primarily halogens.

Similar towards how chlorine can achieve the configuration of noble gases and become an electronegative ion, hydrogen has a high attraction for electrons, becoming the hydrogen anion and obtaining the stable configuration of helium.

The first synthetic element to belong to group 18 (the noble gases), oganesson has the potential to be substantially more reactive than the other members of that group.

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Answer:

hehe you might think im crazy but this answer makes no sEnSe

Explanation:

Answer:

9.69 grams

Explanation:

e

Answer:

9.69g KCl

Explanation:

\(0.13 molesKCl\frac{74.55gKCl}{1moleKCl} =9.69gKCl\)

Answer:  B) sand and water

Explanation:

because when you  mix sand and water the sand does not dissolve in the water

Answer:

HCl is a strong acid, it dissociates 100% (I.e. completely): [HCl]F = 0.020 M = [H3O+] So, pH = - log [H3O+] = -log [HCl]F = -log(. 020)=1.70 Voila!

boiling waterAnswer:

Explanation:

its called thermal energy

Answer:

C-Calcium = 4 atoms, Sulfur = 4 atoms, Oxygen = 4 atoms.

Explanation:

Answer:

When ΔS > 0 and ΔH < 0, the process is always spontaneous as written. When ΔS < 0 and ΔH > 0, the process is never spontaneous, but the reverse process is always spontaneous. When ΔS > 0 and ΔH > 0, the process will be spontaneous at

Explanation:

What are the best conditions to lead towards a spontaneous reaction? high negative enthalpy, high temp, high positive entropy. Your enthalpy is high and negative but your entropy is also negative.

Answer:

Explanation:

The force acting on an object given it's mass and acceleration can be found by using the formula

force = mass × acceleration

From the question we have

force = 2500 × 5

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Answer:

A. N 3- and Mg 2+

Explanation:

To compare electron configurations of each option, it is important to understand how to assign orbitals (s, p, d, f) to atoms. S is assigned for the first two columns of the periodic table, the p orbital is assigned to columns 13-18, the d orbital begins on row 4 and encompasses the transition metals.

The coefficient (ex. 2p5) comes from what number in the orbital (s, p, d, or f) the atom/ion is located in. In this example, atom 2p5 is fluorine because it is 5th in the p orbital block.

For a future exam I recommend memorizing the periodic table linked.

1. Write the electron configuration out like normal, do not consider the charges of the atoms yet

S: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p4

2. Then write the electron configuration considering the positive or negative charge of the atom

POSITIVE CHARGE= remove electrons from the highest orbital first

NEGATIVE CHARGE= add electrons to the highest orbital

S -2:  1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6

The original 3p4 orbital gains two electrons due to the -2 charge, making a complete orbital: 3p6

N: 1s2, 2s2, 2p3

N -3: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6 (-3 charge means adding three electrons to the highest orbital of this atom, 2p)

Mg: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2

Mg +2: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6 (the 3s2 is gone because of the +2 charge on the ion which indicates to remove 2 electrons from the highest orbital, 3s)

Br: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p5

Br -1: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6 (add an electron to the highest orbital due to the -1 charge on the Br ion)

Now, compare the electron configurations for each ion. It is faster to compare the highest orbital of each ion to each other than the whole configuration itself.

Taking the highest orbital...

S -2: 3p6

N -3: 2p6

Mg +2: 2p6

Br -1: 4p6

The highest orbital in both N -3 AND Mg +2 is 2p6, signifying that these atoms have the same ground state electron configuration.

The ions that have the same ground state electron configuration are: a. N³⁻ and Mg²⁺

To determine this, we need to find the electron configuration for each ion:

1. S²⁻: Sulfur has 16 electrons, but since it gained 2 electrons, it has a total of 18 electrons. Its electron configuration is [Ne]3s²3p⁶.

2. N³⁻: Nitrogen has 7 electrons, but since it gained 3 electrons, it has a total of 10 electrons. Its electron configuration is [He]2s²2p⁶.

3. Mg²⁺: Magnesium has 12 electrons, but since it lost 2 electrons, it has a total of 10 electrons. Its electron configuration is [He]2s²2p⁶.

4. Br-: Bromine has 35 electrons, but since it gained 1 electron, it has a total of 36 electrons. Its electron configuration is [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶.

Comparing the electron configurations, we can see that N³⁻ and Mg²⁺ have the same ground state electron configuration. Therefore, the correct answer is a. N³⁻ and Mg²⁺.

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This battery could be made stronger when we make lithium the anode and make zinc the cathode.

We know that the term electron affinity has to do with the fact the a specie is able to attract electrons. Hence, the specie that can be able to attract electrons is said to be have a greater electron affinity.

If we look at the order of the reactivity of the metals, we can see that the lithium has more tendency to exist as a positive ion as such the electron affinity of the lithium atom is very negative and it does not attract electrons.

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