how restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis can be used to determine whether two pieces of dna have the same sequence or different sequences
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Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific recognition sites, producing fragments of different lengths.
Restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis can be used to determine whether two pieces of DNA have the same sequence or different sequences by digesting the DNA samples with the same restriction enzyme(s), running them on a gel through electrophoresis, and comparing the resulting banding patterns. If the banding patterns are identical, it indicates that the DNA sequences are the same, while differing banding patterns suggest sequence differences.
Gel electrophoresis separates these fragments based on their size and charge, with smaller fragments migrating faster than larger ones. After staining or labeling the DNA fragments, their banding patterns on the gel can be visualized.
When comparing the banding patterns from the two DNA samples, identical patterns indicate the same DNA sequence, while differences suggest sequence variations. Unique bands in one sample that are absent in the other indicate specific differences between the DNA sequences. Therefore, by utilizing restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis, researchers can assess the similarity or dissimilarity of DNA sequences.
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Related Questions
cell theory states that all living things contain one or more cells. Why do you think cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory? Do you think it should be a scientific law? Explain your response.
Answers
Answer:
Cell theory is made up by doing a number of experiments just like scientific theory.
Explanation:
Cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory because cell theory was made by performing a number of experiments just like scientific theory. Yes, cell theory should be scientific law if there is no change occurs in the statement of cell theory then it must be considered as law. Law should be made when the theory is passed through from a number of experiments.
Answer:
Cell theory meets the definition of the scientific theory as it is proven by numerous experiments and observations.
Explanation:
Anyone can observe the cells under the microscope using a basic staining procedure.
Drag and drop a term to match these examples with the correct level of organization.
A: Organ
B: Organ system
C: Tissue
Answers
Answer:
This question is incomplete as the term to match with the level of organisation is not included, the terms are;
circulatory system
cardiac muscle
heart
human body
The ANSWER is:
Organ = heart
Organ system = circulatory system
Tissue: cardiac muscle
Explanation:
The level of organization of multicellular organisms is made up of cell, tissue, organ, organ system and eventually organism.
- The tissue is composed of several cell, which are basic units of any living organism. Cells that perform similar function come together to form the tissue. Example is the CARDIAC MUSCLE in this question, which is a muscular tissue made up of cells called myocardiocytes.
- Organs are structures formed as a result of collection of tissues with similar function. For example, the HEART is a circulatory organ made up of cardiac tissues, connective tissues etc.
- Organ systems is made up of organs that perform the same function in a living organism. In the case of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, it is made up of organs such as heart, blood vessels, lungs etc.
Answer:
1# organ= hear
2# Organ system= circulatory system 3# tissue=cardiac muscle Explanation how I know is because i am epic
La Rafflesia arnoldii es una planta tropical con una enorme flor rojo-sangre, que emite calor y despide olor a carne descompuesta. ¿para qué le sirven a esta planta estas adaptaciones?
Answers
Answer:
Rafflesia arnoldii is a tropical plant with a huge blood-red flower, which emits heat and emits the smell of decomposed meat. What use are these adaptations to this plant
Explanation:
The smell is adaptation for pollination.This is because it attracts insects which carry on the process of pollination.
Its possible Endothermy characteristic is for mimicry Its releases heat to attract the pollinators- blowflies.The endothermic mechanism is well pronounced during flora development: which further buttress the fact that this is related to pollination to attract blowflies, and not to thermoregulation.
how would the rate of an enzyme -controlled reaction change if the tempreature was raised: from 35°C to 55°C
Answers
Molecules start moving faster as the kinetic energy of the molecules becomes fast when the temperature increases. That's why, the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction will change with the temperature.
An enzyme is a catalyst in biology, and its work is to lower the activation energy and increase the rate of reaction. But in this whole process, the enzyme itself is not being used up.
Whenever the temperature changes from high to low or low to high, the kinetic energy of the molecules in a reaction also changes.
Here, the temperature increases from 35°C to 55°C, there will be more kinetic energy.
So, if the kinetic energy is more, there would be more collision between molecules which thus results in more complex substrates formed.
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Answer:Molecules start moving faster as the kinetic energy of the molecules becomes fast when the temperature increases. That's why, the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction will change with the temperature.
An enzyme is a catalyst in biology, and its work is to lower the activation energy and increase the rate of reaction. But in this whole process, the enzyme itself is not being used up.
Whenever the temperature changes from high to low or low to high, the kinetic energy of the molecules in a reaction also changes.
Here, the temperature increases from 35°C to 55°C, there will be more kinetic energy.
So, if the kinetic energy is more, there would be more collision between molecules which thus results in more complex substrates formed.
Explanation:
100 POINTS 100 POINTS Has anyone ever done this worksheet or know what to do? please send me answers. if you dont know dont respond. if you know only a few answers, then you can answer
Answers
2. Which of the following is not a source of genetic variation?recombinationmutationscloningcrossing over
Answers
Genetic variation refers to the differences in the sequance of DNA between individual organisms of a species. Recombination produces a new combination of allele by breaking down and recombining pieces of DNA. Mutation produces gene variants by altering gene activity or protein function. Crossing over increases genetic diversity that leads to creation of new combination of genes.
Cloning increases the chances of superior traits by copying the alleles which contain such DNA. It leads to erosion of diversity because there is no combination that is taking place since there is no fertilization along the process.
Answer - Cloning
in which group did we first see bilateral symmetry? group of answer choices flatworms sponges annelids roundworms
Answers
What type of inheritance can be seen in carriers
Answers
Why do you think Dr. Margulis met so much resistance with her introduction of endosymbiosis?
Answers
Answer:
Because there is scientific evidence that evolution occurs gradually and endocimbiosis is a type of evolution that occurs suddenly.
Explanation:
Although Dr. Margulis was very thorough in her defense of endosymbiosis, she had to face great resistance from the scientific community around this theory. This was because as we know, and as it is scientifically proven, evolution is something that happens gradually and slowly and that is exactly what scientists believed and defended. However, endosymbiosis presented a kind of evolution that happened abruptly and suddenly, which provoked resistance to the theory.
What is the expected ratio of the offspring of a BbTt x BbTt cross of these alleles assort independently?
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The expected ratio of offspring from a BbTt x BbTt cross of these alleles assorting independently is 9 B_T_, 3 B_tt, 3 bbT_, and 1 bbtt, with 9 offspring containing both dominant alleles and 1 bbtt containing both recessive alleles.
What is the significance of Mendel's trait?Mendel explains different laws and rules to better understand the genetics because, as per the independent assortment rules, the gametes are independently assorted and expressed in the offspring. Here 9 B_T_ will produce where these offsprings will express both alleles (either BBTT/BbTt/BbTT/BBTt etc)
As a result, the expected ratio of offspring from a BbTt x BbTt cross of these alleles assorting independently is 9 B_T_, 3 B_tt, 3 bbT_, and 1 bbtt, with 9 offspring containing both dominant alleles and 1 bbtt containing both recessive alleles.
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Place the steps in order below using the terms first, second, third, and so on.
Some viral DNA is incorporated into the bacterium's genome as a spacer.
Bacteria is exposed to phage (virus) for the first time and survives.
Cas-9 removes the targeted sequence of cutting it out of the bacterial genome.
The RNA acts as a guide for the protein
Cas-9 finds an exact DNA sequence match
in an invading virus.
Transcription occurs and RNA is made
from DNA.
Answers
CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene editing technique that has enabled scientists to make precise changes to an organism’s DNA.
Bacteria is exposed to phage (virus)First, bacteria is exposed to phage (virus) for the first time and survives. Second, transcription occurs and RNA is made from DNA.Third, the RNA acts as a guide for the protein Cas-9. Fourth, Cas-9 finds an exact DNA sequence match in an invading virus.Fifth, Cas-9 removes the targeted sequence of cutting it out of the bacterial genome.Finally, some viral DNA is incorporated into the bacterium's genome as a spacer.The process begins when bacteria is exposed to phage (a virus) for the first time and survives.This triggers the production of RNA from the DNA which acts as a guide for the protein Cas-9.Cas-9 then searches for an exact match in the invading virus and when found, cuts out the targeted sequence from the bacterial genome.The viral DNA is then incorporated into the bacterium’s genome as a spacer.This process is highly precise and efficient, and is being used to explore the potential of gene editing in many fields.To learn more about Bacteria is exposed to phage (virus) refer to:
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A lack of interest in imaginative play is:
unusual for one-year-olds.
O
normal for three- to four-year-olds.
normal for five-year-olds.
a sign of delays or concern in three- to four-year-olds.
Answers
A lack of interest in imaginative play is normal for five-year-olds.
Children engage in imaginative play, sometimes referred to as pretend play or symbolic play, in which they create and act out scenarios in their heads. Playing dress-up, role-playing, or creating scenarios with toys or props are all examples of this type of play, which involves inventing imaginary settings, people, and objects. Children's development benefits from imaginative play because it fosters creativity, social skills, and problem-solving abilities.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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Can you finish the meiosis chain? Write the correct stage that comes next in each circle. Don’t forget the number that comes after the stage name! Then write any details about what this stage looks like next to it
Answers
Meiosis is a process of cell division during se xual reproduction that involves gametogenesis, which is the production of sperm cells and egg cells.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a process of cell division in which two successive cell divisions results in the production of haploid cells.
The stages of meiosis are:
InterphaseProphasemetaphase anaphasetelophase.Meiosis is involved in gametogenesis, which is the production of sperm cells and egg cells.
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Describe the structure and function of chitin.
Answers
Answer: Chitin is one of the most important biopolymers in nature. It is mainly produced by fungi, arthropods and nematodes. In insects, it functions as scaffold material, supporting the cuticles of the epidermis and trachea as well as the peritrophic matrices lining the gut epithelium.
other peerson is correct
Can someone please help me with this
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DNA replication process is the event during which the molecule duplicates. It occurs in the interphase and involved different enzymes, a DNA molecule, and free nucleotides. Image attached.
Whatis DNA replication?DNA replication is the process through which DNI molecule duplicates. This event takes place during the S stage of the interphase. So when the cell divides during mitosis or meiosis, each cell will get a complete set of chromosomes.
DNI replication is semi-conservative because each new molecule carries an original DNI strand and a new one. The fact that the new molecule is composed of an original strand makes it semi-conservative. The old existing strands are used to synthesize the new complementary strand.
The origin of the replication requires helicase enzymes to break hydrogen bonds and separate the two original strands. The topoisomerase enzyme is necessary to release tension. Other proteins are also needed to join the strains and keep them separated.
Once the molecule is opened, there is a region named replication forks. DNA polymerase makes the new nucleotides enter into the fork and pairs them with the corresponding nucleotide of the original strand. Adenine pairs timine, and cytosine pairs guanine.
DNA strands are antiparallel, and replication occurs only in 5'-3' direction. So one of the strands will replicate continuously, while the other strain will be formed by short fragments known as Okazaki fragments.
Primers are needed to make the DNA polymerase work. Primers are small units of RNA and are placed at the beginning of each new fragment.
You will find the labelled Image in the attached files.
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A gene pool consists of all the genes within a _____.
Answers
Answer:
interbreeding population
Explanation:
please give brainlest need 1
What is the main function of leaves?A. Leaves provide support for growth and a place to store food.B. Leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur.C. Leaves absorb water and minerals and transport nutrients to the stem.D. Leaves create a barrier that prevents water in the plant's tissues from evaporating
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The main function of a leaf is to produce food for the plant by photosynthesis.
Answer: The correct answer is B. Leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur.
Explanation: Confirmed correct.
What would Aristotle's geocentric model predict about the
brightness of the planets when viewed from Earth? What
about the stars? Explain your reasoning.
Answers
Stars are the spherical object according to Aristotle's geocentric model.
Aristotle's geocentric modelAristotle's model of the universe was also geocentric in which the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars all orbiting the Earth and present inside of Eudoxus' spheres and also revolves around the planet earth.
Aristotle believed in a geocentric Universe and that the planets and stars were perfect spheres, but the Earth itself was not a perfect sphere so we can conclude that Stars are the spherical object according to Aristotle's geocentric model.
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Cancerous cells can accumulate mutations more quickly for all the following reasons EXCEPT:
A. a mutation in a cell proliferation gene
B. mutation that causes a mistake in mitosis
C. Mutation in DNA repair gene
D. Mutation in a gene involved in DNA replication
Answers
The answer is: Cancerous cells can accumulate mutations more quickly for all the following reasons EXCEPT: (B) mutation that causes a mistake in mitosis.
The other options (A, C, and D) are related to mutations that can lead to faster accumulation of mutations in cancerous cells, while a mistake in mitosis (option B) refers to an error in cell division, which is not directly related to the accumulation of mutations.
Genes make sure that cells grow and make copies (reproduce) in an orderly and controlled way. And are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes a change happens in the genes when a cell divides. This is a mutation. It means that a gene has been damaged or lost or copied too many times. Mutations can happen by chance when a cell is dividing. Some mutations mean that the cell no longer understands its instructions. It can start to grow out of control. There have to be about 6 different mutations before a normal cell turns into a cancer cell.
Mutations in particular genes may mean that: a cell starts making too many proteins that trigger a cell to divide a cell stops making proteins that normally tell a cell to stop dividing abnormal proteins may be produced that work differently to normal.
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Which of the following would NOT be a waste product generated by the action of bacteria in the large intestine?
ammonia
uric acid
hydrogen sulfide
indole and skatole
Answers
Uric acid would not be a waste product generated by the action of bacteria in the large intestine.
Uric acid is a waste product found in blood. It's created when the body breaks down chemicals called purines. Uric acid gets dissolves in the blood, passes through the kidneys and leaves the body in urine. Hence they are not waste product from the large intestine.
Kidneys excrete uric acid as a waste product. The kidneys are responsible for excreting two-thirds of the uric acid produced daily out of which one third is excreted in the stool and urine.
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impact of tumor-specific targeting on the biodistribution and efficacy of sirna nanoparticles measured by multimodality in vivo imaging
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The impact of tumor-specific targeting on the biodistribution and efficacy of siRNA nanoparticles can be measured by multimodality in vivo imaging. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Tumor-specific targeting: When siRNA nanoparticles are designed to specifically target tumor cells, they can be modified with molecules that selectively bind to receptors or antigens present on the surface of tumor cells. This targeting strategy helps to enhance the delivery of siRNA to the tumor site while minimizing its uptake by healthy cells.
2. Biodistribution: Biodistribution refers to the distribution of a substance, in this case siRNA nanoparticles, within the body. By using multimodality in vivo imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or optical imaging, researchers can track the movement and accumulation of the siRNA nanoparticles in real-time.
3. Efficacy: The efficacy of siRNA nanoparticles refers to their ability to effectively silence the target genes in tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth. By measuring the biodistribution of these nanoparticles, researchers can assess how effectively they reach and accumulate in the tumor tissue, as this directly impacts their therapeutic efficacy.
4. Multimodality in vivo imaging: Multimodality in vivo imaging involves the use of multiple imaging techniques simultaneously or sequentially to obtain complementary information. For example, combining PET with MRI or optical imaging can provide both anatomical and functional information about the biodistribution of siRNA nanoparticles.
In conclusion, measuring the impact of tumor-specific targeting on the biodistribution and efficacy of siRNA nanoparticles using multimodality in vivo imaging techniques allows researchers to assess the delivery efficiency and therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy.
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why accleration is a derived quantity
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
velocity are derived quantities and are both combinations of length and time. An object's acceleration is its rate of change of velocity. Acceleration is a … ... derived quantity.
In what ways are nontracheophytes similar to seedless tracheophytes?
Answers
Nontracheophytes are similar to seedless tracheophytes in the following ways: Both nontracheophytes and seedless tracheophytes are lacking in lignified conducting tissues, which allows them to be classified as nonvascular plants. Both of them reproduce with the help of spores. They do not produce seeds or flowers.
Both nontracheophytes and seedless tracheophytes are found in moist habitats. Nontracheophytes are commonly found in damp and shady places, such as rocks and soil. On the other hand, seedless tracheophytes can be found in moist soil or water, such as streams or lakes.
Both nontracheophytes and seedless tracheophytes have a haploid-dominant lifecycle. This means that the haploid phase is longer than the diploid phase in their lifecycle.
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5.Which protist is photosynthetic? How do you know?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The algae are a polyphyletic and paraphyletic group of organisms. They are defined in differing ways, but are usually considered to be the photosynthetic organisms excepting plants.
Answer:
Algae
Explanation:
This is because they contain chlorophyll the pigment that absorbs light and turns it into energy
The part of a cell that allows sunlight, CO2 and H2O to enter is known as the
Answers
Answer: yo que se
Explanation:
Answer:
Chloroplast
Explanation:
You are attempting to synthesize rRNA in a test tube using DNA isolated from mouse cells. In addition to the template DNA, ribonucleotides, and the necessary transcription factors, you should also add what enzyme to the test tube?
poly-A polymerase
RNA polymerase III
RNA polymerase I
RNA polymerase II
Answers
In addition to the template DNA, ribonucleotides, and the necessary transcription factors, you should also add RNA polymerase I enzyme to the test tube.
The pace of protein synthesis, which is closely linked to ribosome production and rRNA transcription, directly affects the rate of cell development. Therefore, rRNA synthesis must be synchronised with other protein translational components using intracellular cues. It is known that Myc interacts with human ribosomal DNA to promote the transcription of rRNA by RNA polymerase I. To ensure that rRNA synthesis and Pol I-mediated transcription are properly regulated, two distinct mechanisms have been found. The first phase involves fluctuations in the amount of genes that are being transcribed at any particular time due to the enormous number of rDNA genes that are available for transcription (several hundreds).
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which anatomical term indicates towards the belly? a. dorsal b. superior c. medial d. ventral
Answers
The anatomical term that indicates towards the belly is "ventral". This term refers to the front or anterior side of the body, while "dorsal" refers to the back or posterior side. "Superior" refers to the upper portion of the body, while "medial" refers to structures that are closer to the midline of the body.
It's important to use these terms accurately and consistently when describing the location and orientation of anatomical structures, as they provide a standardized and precise language for communication within the field of anatomy.
The anatomical term that indicates towards the belly is d. ventral. This term is used to describe the front or anterior side of the body, while "dorsal" refers to the back or posterior side. "Superior" is used for structures closer to the head, and "inferior" for structures closer to the feet. "Medial" refers to structures closer to the body's midline, and "lateral" describes structures further away from the midline. In summary, "ventral" is the correct term for describing a position towards the belly.
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Explain how silent mutations affect the structure and function of the protein
Answers
Answer:
Silent mutations do not affect protein function
Explanation:
A mutation is defined as any alteration in the genetic material of a cell of a living organism. Moreover, a silent mutation refers to any mutation that does not alter the phenotype of the cell/organism (they are evolutionary neutral mutations). Silent mutations are base substitutions that do not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein, and therefore these mutations do not alter protein function.
Could someone help me out with this question please?
Answers
The available hydrogen bond donors and acceptors of guanine and cytosine pair with one another in space to form a nitrogenous base pair.
Define guanine.One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, along with adenine (A), cytosine (C), and thymine, is guanine (G) (T). Guanine nucleotides on one strand pair with cytosine bases on the other strand in a double-stranded DNA molecule. Information in DNA is encoded by the four nucleotide bases' order.
Define cytosine.Along with adenine, guanine, and thymine, cytosine is one of the four nucleobases that can be found in DNA and RNA. It is a pyrimidine derivative with two attached substituents and a heterocyclic aromatic ring. Cytidine is the nucleoside of cytosine. It creates three hydrogen bonds with guanine during the Watson-Crick base pairing process.
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Which environmental group is most closely associated with mountain climbing, backpacking, and camping? A. Environmental Defense Fund B. Greenpeace C. Sierra Club D. World Wildlife Fund
Answers
The environmental group is most closely associated with mountain climbing, backpacking is Sierra Club, option (C) is correct.
The Sierra Club is most closely associated with mountain climbing, backpacking, and camping. Founded in 1892, the Sierra Club is one of the oldest and largest environmental organizations in the United States. It has a long history of promoting outdoor recreational activities and conservation efforts in natural landscapes, particularly in mountainous regions.
The club's members and supporters actively engage in activities such as hiking, backpacking, and camping, often in environmentally sensitive areas. The Sierra Club advocates for the protection of wilderness areas, preservation of ecosystems, and sustainable outdoor recreation practices. Through its outings programs and conservation campaigns, the Sierra Club encourages people to connect with nature, experience the beauty of mountains, and develop a sense of stewardship towards the environment, option (C) is correct.
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