if 4% of an african population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous (ss) for the sickle-cell gene?

Agree

Answer:

False

Explanation:

false becz many animals produce chemicals

called pheromones to communicate.

Explanation:

water. water with chemical formula H2O contains only oxygen and hydrogen atoms

Carbon can be found in organic substance, graphite and proteins but not in water.

Hence, option B is correct that water does not have carbon.

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Answer:

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to your tissues. They also bring carbon dioxide back to your lungs. Red blood cells make up almost half of your blood. The lifespan of a red blood cell is around 120 days

Explanation:

by burning fossil fuels

The primary functions of whales include feeding, reproduction, communication, and migration.

Whales are primarily filter feeders or predators, depending on the species.

Filter-feeding whales, such as baleen whales, have baleen plates in their mouths that allow them to filter out small prey, such as krill or small fish, from large volumes of water.

Predatory whales, such as toothed whales, hunt and feed on various marine organisms, including fish, squid, and marine mammals.

Reproduction is another important function for whales. Most whale species have a gestation period of several months, with females giving birth to a single calf.

The calves are nursed with milk from their mothers and rely on their care for a period of time until they become independent.

Communication is vital for whales, as they rely on vocalizations to communicate with other members of their pod.

Whales produce a variety of sounds, including songs, clicks, and whistles, which serve purposes such as mating, social interactions, and navigation.

Migration is a common behavior observed in many whale species. Whales undertake long-distance migrations, often covering thousands of kilometers, to reach feeding grounds in nutrient-rich waters or to reproduce in specific breeding areas.

These migrations are driven by seasonal changes in food availability and environmental conditions.

In summary, the primary functions of whales encompass feeding, reproduction, communication, and migration, all of which are essential for their survival and successful adaptation to their marine environments.

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Replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. DNA replication involves DNA polymerase enzyme to add new nucleotides.

Our genome contains approximately 333 billion base pairs of DNA, all of which must be precisely duplicated each time one of your trillions of cells divides.

Semiconservatism applies to DNA replication. The double helix's individual strands serve as templates for the creation of new, complimentary strands. DNA polymerases, which require a template and a primer (beginning) and synthesis DNA in the 5' to 3' orientation, are the enzymes responsible for creating new DNA. One new strand of DNA is created as a single continuous unit during DNA replication. The other is composed of tiny fragments. DNA primase, DNA helicase, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase are other enzymes necessary for DNA replication in addition to DNA polymerase.

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The law of conservation of matter states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a physical or chemical reaction. Similarly, the chemical changes which occur during the formation of a pizza dough follow the same law of conservation of matter.

The law of conservation of matter also suggests that matter can be transformed from one form to another. Likewise, the chemical changes that take place during the preparation of a pizza dough such as rising of dough obeys the law of conservation of matter.

During dough preparation, salt, yeast and warm water are added to the flour and mixed thoroughly. As a result the yeast digests complex sugars and liberates carbon dioxide, which enables the dough to rise.

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The five isotypes of immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, differ from each other primarily in their heavy-chain constant regions. The correct answer is option (b).

The constant regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chains determine the effector functions and properties of the antibodies. The heavy-chain constant regions are encoded by different genes, resulting in distinct isotypes such as IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. Each isotype has a unique heavy-chain constant region that gives rise to specific structural and functional characteristics. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

While the variable regions of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains contribute to antigen binding and specificity, it is the heavy-chain constant regions that vary among the different isotypes. These constant regions dictate the antibody's effector functions, including interactions with complement proteins, binding to Fc receptors on immune cells, and determining antibody stability and half-life. Therefore, the heavy-chain constant regions play a crucial role in defining the functional properties and immune responses associated with each isotype of immunoglobulin.

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Cornea is the substance or the structure which provides the most focal power in eye.

The correct option is C.

The cornea is basically a transparent and dome-shaped tissue which happens to form the front part of our eye. It performs the function of acting as a window and happens to allow light to enter in the eye. It also performs the process of focusing the light rays which allow us to see images and words clearly. The cornea basically provides 65-75% of the focusing power of the eye.

The cornea basically does not contain blood vessels and contains a number of nerve endings which make the cornea extremely sensitive and this is why any scratch or a loose eyelash in the eye is so painful.

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Answer:

the answer to this would be d

The food we eat has been modified through selective breeding. Hence the statement: Food we eat has not been modified through selective breeding is False.

Selective breeding is the process where individual organisms with certain desirable traits are selectively bred for the purpose of propagating that particular trait.

Selective breeding is applied in agriculture for the purposes of rearing or cultivating high yielding breeds of farm animals and crops.

Some applications of selective breeding include:

In conclusion, selective breeding has successfully modified the food humans eat.

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Answer:D

Explanation: Protozoans are a single-celled microscopic animal of a group of phyla of the kingdom Protista, such as an amoeba, flagellate, ciliate, or sporozoan.

Protozoans play important roles in the fertility of soils. By grazing on soil bacteria, they regulate bacterial populations and maintain them in a state of physiological youth— in the active growing phase. This enhances the rates at which bacteria decompose dead organic matter.

Answer : horse mare and a donkey jack hybrid of both

Explanation:

To determine the diffusion time for oxygen across the 1-mm-thick membrane separating air from blood, we can use Fick's law of diffusion. Fick's law states that the rate of diffusion (J) is proportional to the surface area (A), the concentration difference (ΔC), and inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane (d).

Mathematically, Fick's law can be expressed as:

J = (D * A * ΔC) / d

Where:

J = rate of diffusion

D = diffusion coefficient (a property of the diffusing substance)

A = surface area

ΔC = concentration difference

d = thickness of the membrane

Given the values:

d = 1 mm (or 0.001 m)

We need additional information to calculate the diffusion time accurately:

The diffusion coefficient for oxygen

The concentration difference across the membrane

The surface area of the membrane

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Answer:

Frog, grasshopper, and rabbit

Explanation:

depending by the region, these may vary, but these are at or near the same trophic level

The type of supplement that can elevate heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure is a Stimulant.

A stimulant supplement is a type of supplement that can increase heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Stimulants are used to provide an instant energy boost and increase performance. Multivitamin, Herbal supplement, and Electrolyte supplements are not stimulants.

The process of change that requires a fitness professional to help a client identify environmental cues that trigger healthy behaviors and remove cues that trigger unhealthy behaviors is Stimulus control. Stimulus control involves modifying the environment so that cues that trigger unhealthy behaviors are removed, and cues that trigger healthy behaviors are introduced. Fitness professionals can help their clients to identify environmental cues that trigger unhealthy behaviors and remove them while also introducing cues that promote healthy behaviors.

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Answer:

nitrogen-fixing hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria

Explanation:

Researchers have found that using nitrogen-fixing hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to improve the bioremediation efficiency was another good strategy instead of providing nitrogen sources (Thavasi et al., 2006).

Answer:

Independent variable: exercise

Dependent variable: grades

Constants: same kind of exercise, same set of students

Yes, there is a control group. The control group are the 10 people that do not exercise

Explanation:

In an experiment, the independent variable is that variable that the experimenter changes or manipulates. In this case, the independent variable is the EXERCISE.

The dependent variable is the variable that responds to changes made to the independent variable or the variable that the experimenter measures. In this case, the dependent variable is the GRADE of the people.

The constant is the variable that the experimenter must keep constant or unchanged throughout the experiment. In this experiment, the constants are the same kind of exercise, same set of people used.

In this experiment, there is a CONTROL GROUP. The control group is the group that does not receive the experimental treatment in the experiment. In this case, The control group are the 10 people that do not exercise

Answer:

Explanation:

Lipid digestion begins in the stomach with the aid of lingual lipase and gastric lipase. However, the bulk of lipid digestion occurs in the small intestine due to pancreatic lipase Introduction

Digestive enzymes are the enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into smaller building blocks to facilitate their absorption by the body.

Our digestive system does not absorb the food we eat, it absorbs nutrients in the form of simpler molecules. Food needs to be broken down from products like steak and broccoli into amino acids (from proteins), fatty acids and cholesterol (from fats), and sugars (from carbohydrates) along with vitamins, minerals, and a variety of animal and plant compounds.

If we don’t have sufficient digestive enzymes, our food cannot be broken down. That means that even if we eat well, we aren’t absorbing good nutrition.

Digestive enzymes convert the food into smaller molecules that your tissues, cells, and organs utilize for many metabolic functions. It takes some time to complete this process and results in amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids and simple sugars. When you chew and break food into small pieces, special enzymes produced in different parts of your digestive region start acting to complete the process.

Amylase

Amylase is defined as a digestive enzyme that breaks starch into small carbohydrate molecules. This enzyme is produced in two areas. Firstly, salivary glands in our mouth generate salivary amylase that starts the process of digestion by breaking down starch and converting it into maltose and smaller carbohydrate. Cells in the pancreas also produce a different type of amylase, known as pancreatic amylase that travels via a duct to reach the small intestine. Pancreatic amylase finishes the digestion of carbohydrates, producing glucose.

Protease

This enzyme breaks down protein into amino acids, which are its building blocks. The three main protease enzymes are trypsin, pepsin, and chymotrypsin. Special cells produce an enzyme, called pepsinogen in your stomach that converts into pepsin when it comes in contact with the acid surrounding the stomach. Pepsin breaks some chemical bonds in the protein, creating smaller molecules known as peptides. The pancreas makes chymotrypsin and trypsin, enzymes that are liberated into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct.

Lipase

Lipase enzyme breaks down dietary fats into smaller molecules known as glycerol and fatty acids. A little quantity of lipase, known as gastric lipase is produced by the cells of the stomach. This enzyme mainly digests fat present in the food. The pancreas is the primary source of lipase in the digestive tract, which produces pancreatic lipase which acts in the small intestine. The bile produced in the liver and liberated in the intestine transforms dietary fat into small fat globules. Pancreatic lipase acts on these fat globules and converts them into glycerol and fatty acids which are small, energy molecules. Glycerol and fatty acids move in the blood and lymph vessels to move in every part of the body.

Although amylase, lipase, and protease are the major enzymes that your body utilizes to digest food, there are many other specialized enzymes also contributing to the process..

The correct answer is A. Mutation.

Mutation provides all the raw material for evolutionary forces to act on. Mutations are random changes in an organism's genetic material (DNA). They can be caused by various factors such as errors during DNA replication, exposure to radiation or chemicals, or even spontaneous changes.

Mutations introduce new genetic variations into a population. These variations can lead to differences in traits among individuals. Evolutionary forces such as natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow act upon these variations, determining their fate in a population over time.

Selection (B) refers to the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population based on their impact on survival and reproduction. It acts on existing genetic variations but does not provide the raw material itself.

Genetic drift (C) is the random change in allele frequencies in a population due to chance events. It can lead to the loss of certain variations or fixation of others, but it does not create new genetic material.

Gene flow (D) is the movement of genes from one population to another through migration and interbreeding. While it can introduce new genetic material to a population, it is not the primary source of raw material for evolutionary forces.

In summary, while selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are important evolutionary forces, mutation is the fundamental process that generates new genetic variations, providing the raw material for these forces to act upon.

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Answer:

3a) The number of neutrons

b) protons and neutrons

Explanation:

Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons

Groups of three or more monomers are called polysaccharides, starch and include short-term storage. Monomers are small molecules, mainly organic, that can combine together to produce larger molecules, or polymers. All monomers can form chemical connections with at least two other monomer molecules. Monomers are small molecules, mainly organic, that can combine together to produce larger molecules, or polymers.

All monomers can form chemical connections with at least two other monomer molecules. Sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides are the four main forms of monomers. Each of these monomer kinds is essential to the survival and evolution of life, and each can be generated abiotically.

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The agency or agencies that oversee investigations of alleged research misconduct is C. Office of Research Integrity.

The definition of research misconduct is fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in the planning, conducting, or reviewing of research, as well as in the reporting of research findings: Honest mistakes or differences of opinion are nit considered to be research misconduct.

With the exception of the Food and Drug Administration's regulatory research integrity activities, the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) manages and directs Public Health Service (PHS) research integrity activities on behalf of the Secretary of Health and Human Services. exemplary standards of intellectual honesty in conceiving or carrying out research and to report any suspected research misconduct Agency, regardless of their career stage, is the duty of every Investigator who takes part in research at the NIH.

Based on the information given, the correct option is C.

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Methemoglobinemia is a genetic disorder characterized by the presence of high levels of methemoglobin, a type of hemoglobin that cannot carry oxygen effectively, in the blood.

There are two types of methemoglobinemia: congenital and acquired. Congenital methemoglobinemia can be caused by mutations in several different genes, including the CYB₅R₃ and CYB₅A genes. The inheritance pattern of congenital methemoglobinemia depends on the specific gene involved.

For example, mutations in the CYB₅R₃ gene are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning an affected individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene to develop the condition. In contrast, mutations in the CYB₅A gene are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning an affected individual only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from either parent to develop the condition.

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The number of peptide bonds are present in this protein is 99; option 3.

Polypeptides also know as proteins are macromolecules which are composed of monomers of amino acid units.

Polypeptides are formed when amino acids are linked to each other by peptide bonds.

Peptide bonds are formed between the α-nitrogen atom of the first amino acid and the carbonyl carbon atom of the second amino acid.

Therefore, a dipeptide consisting of two amino acid contains one peptide bond; a tripeptide consisting of three amino acid contains two peptide bonds.

In general, the number of peptide bonds in a polypeptide containing n amino acids is n -1

A polypeptide that contains 100 amino acids, will have 100 - 1 or 99 peptide bonds.

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Note that the complete question is given below:

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

1. 101

2. 100

3. 99

4. 98

5. 97

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Because they have to be in a place that they have all of the resorces that they need and conditions that they can live in

The genotype TT stands for the homozygous state, in which both alleles of a gene are present in a homologous pair. Alleles are various variations of a single gene.

If an organism possesses 2 versions of the same allele for a gene, it is said to be homozygous. An organism might be homozygous recessive (RR) or homozygous dominant (TT) (tt). A heterozygous creature is one that has two different alleles (Tt) for the same gene.

The presence of two identical alleles at a specific gene locus is referred to as the homozygous condition. A homozygous genotype can have two alleles with the same variance or two normal alleles.

A person is considered to be homozygous if they have two equal copies of a particular gene. A genotype with heterozygosity, on the other hand, possesses distinct alleles.

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In the process of oogenesis (the formation of female gametes or ova), one immature ovum undergoes meiosis to produce a single mature ovum.

Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that reduces the number of chromosomes in half.

In the initial stages of meiosis in females, a diploid cell called a primary oocyte undergoes DNA replication and enters the first meiotic division, resulting in the formation of two haploid cells. However, only one of these cells, called a secondary oocyte, receives most of the cytoplasm and organelles, while the other smaller cell, called a polar body, receives minimal cytoplasm and eventually degenerates.

The secondary oocyte then progresses to the second meiotic division but arrests at metaphase II. It remains in this stage until fertilization occurs. If fertilization occurs, the secondary oocyte completes the second meiotic division, producing a mature ovum (also called an egg) and another polar body.

Therefore, for each immature ovum that starts the process of meiosis, one mature ovum is ultimately produced.

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