if on a distant planet, you discovered an organism with the same dna/rna that we have but 30 amino acids, what is the minimum number of nucleotides that would be needed to uniquely code for those 30 amino acids?
Answers
The minimum number of nucleotides that would be needed to uniquely code for those 30 amino acids is 90 nucleotides.
In order to determine the minimum number of nucleotides required to uniquely code for 30 amino acids, we need to consider the number of nucleotides needed to code for each amino acid.
In our genetic code, each amino acid is represented by a sequence of three nucleotides called a codon. Since there are four different nucleotides (A, T, C, and G), the total number of possible codons is 4³ = 64. However, there are only 20 standard amino acids encoded by the genetic code, so some amino acids are encoded by multiple codons. This means that not all 64 codons are necessary to code for 20 amino acids.
To determine the minimum number of nucleotides required, we can use the formula N = 3 × M, where N is the number of nucleotides and M is the number of amino acids. However, since we have 30 amino acids in this case, the minimum number of nucleotides needed would be N = 3 × 30 = 90 nucleotides.
Therefore, to uniquely code for 30 amino acids in an organism with the same DNA/RNA as ours but only 30 amino acids, a minimum of 90 nucleotides would be needed.
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Related Questions
10 different terminologies used in biology
Answers
abdomenabdomenabiogenesisabdomenabiogenesisabsorptionabdomenabiogenesisabsorptionactivation energyabdomenabiogenesisabsorptionactivation energyactive transportabdomenabiogenesisabsorptionactivation energyactive transportalleleabdomenabiogenesisabsorptionactivation energyactive transportallelealternation of generationsabdomenabiogenesisabsorptionactivation energyactive transportallelealternation of generationsanabolismabdomenabiogenesisabsorptionactivation energyactive transportallelealternation of generationsanabolismGenegenitic
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Do all plants go through the same process of photosynthesis
Answers
Answer: most plants go through photosynthesis
Explanation:
How do you cope with the uncertainty
and upheaval in your own life and in the
world? What strategies and tools have
you used to maintain your sanity during
the coronavirus pandemic?
Answers
wines from the sauternes protected designation of origin are:
Answers
Wines from the sauternes protected designation of origin are Protected Designation of Origin
Sweet white wines made in the Sauternes region of Bordeaux, France, are known as wines from the Sauternes Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Botrytized wines, which are created from grapes afflicted by the noble rot, are well-known for being produced in the Sauternes PDO. The grapes shrivel and concentrate their sugars as a result of this advantageous mould, producing very sweet and nuanced wines.
The distinctive characteristics of Sauternes wines are their rich, velvety texture, golden hue, and complex flavours that frequently feature notes of honey, apricot, peach, orange peel, and botrytis-influenced scents. They often include a lot of residual sugar and are well-balanced in terms of acidity, which helps to balance out the sweetness.
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Wines from the Sauternes protected designation of origin are made using specific grape varieties such as Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscadelle. They are known for their rich golden color, complex flavors of honey, apricot, and citrus, and a luscious, velvety texture. These wines are often enjoyed as dessert wines and pair well with foie gras, blue cheese, and fruity desserts.
The wines from the Sauternes protected designation of origin (PDO) are highly regarded for their unique characteristics. These wines are produced in the Sauternes wine region, located in the Bordeaux region of France. The Sauternes PDO ensures that the wines meet specific quality standards and are made using traditional methods.
The main grape variety used in Sauternes wines is Semillon, although Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle are also permitted. These grape varieties contribute to the distinct flavors and aromas found in Sauternes wines.
One of the key factors that sets Sauternes wines apart is the presence of noble rot. The unique climate of the region, with its morning mists and warm afternoons, promotes the growth of Botrytis cinerea, a fungus that causes noble rot. This noble rot is essential for the production of Sauternes wines as it concentrates the sugars in the grapes, resulting in their characteristic sweetness.
The wines from the Sauternes PDO are known for their rich golden color, complex flavors of honey, apricot, and citrus, and a luscious, velvety texture. These wines are often enjoyed as dessert wines and pair well with foie gras, blue cheese, and fruity desserts.
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place in order the typical sequence of events by which lipid-soluble messengers alter cell function. start with the earliest at the top.
Answers
The typical sequence of events by which lipid-soluble messengers alter cell function is as follows:
1. Messenger diffusion
2. Receptor binding
3. DNA binding
4. Transcription
5. Translation
6. Altered protein synthesis
7. Altered cell function
Lipid-soluble messengers, such as steroid hormones, diffuse through the cell membrane due to their hydrophobic nature. Upon entering the cell, they bind to specific intracellular receptors, forming a messenger-receptor complex.
This complex then translocates to the nucleus and binds to specific DNA sequences, acting as a transcription factor. This binding initiates the transcription of specific target genes into mRNA.
The mRNA is then translated into proteins by ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The newly synthesized proteins may be enzymes, structural proteins, or other functional molecules, which in turn alter the cell function as dictated by the lipid-soluble messenger.
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Does evolution occur when the gene pool of a population changes?
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Yes, evolution can occur when the gene pool of a population changes. This is because evolution refers to the changes that occur in a population over time, including changes in the frequency of genes and traits.
When the gene pool of a population changes, it can lead to changes in the traits that are expressed in individuals within that population.
The gene pool of a population is the total collection of genes and alleles within that population. When there are changes to the gene pool, such as through genetic drift, mutation, or natural selection, this can lead to changes in the traits that are expressed in individuals.
Over time, these changes can accumulate and result in evolution of the population.
The gene pool of a population changing is one way that evolution can occur. As the gene pool changes, it can lead to changes in the traits expressed by individuals in the population, ultimately resulting in evolution over time.
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What are cycles and conservation
Answers
Answer:As energy moves through an ecosystem, it changes form, but no new energy is created. Similarly, as matter cycles within an ecosystem, atoms are rearranged into various molecules, but no new matter is created. So, during all ecosystem processes, energy and matter are conserved.
Explanation:
Growth of chest hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle growth are secondary sex characteristics. Which structure or structures produce substances most likely to affect the development of these traits?
Answers
The development of secondary sex characteristics such as the growth of chest hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle growth is primarily influenced by sex hormones.
In males, these traits are primarily driven by the production of androgens, particularly testosterone, which is produced by the testes. Testosterone is responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.
The testes are the main structures that produce testosterone. They contain specialized cells called Leydig cells, which produce and release testosterone into the bloodstream. Once in circulation, testosterone exerts its effects on various target tissues throughout the body.
Testosterone stimulates the growth of hair follicles in certain areas of the body, leading to the development of chest hair. It also affects the vocal cords, causing them to lengthen and thicken, resulting in a deeper voice. Furthermore, testosterone promotes muscle growth and development, leading to increased muscle mass and strength.
While other tissues and organs in the body also produce small amounts of testosterone, the testes are the primary source of this hormone in males. The production and release of testosterone from the testes play a crucial role in the development of these secondary sex characteristics.
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A single base substitution mutation is least likely to be deleterious when the base change results in _____.
Answers
A single base substitution mutation is least likely to be deleterious when the base change results in a codon that specifies the same amino acid as the original codon.
What is the effect of single base substitution mutation?
A substitution mutation can cause the following: Change in the coding of amino acids codon to a particular stop codon resulting in an incomplete protein, which is usually non-functional. Can cause Silent mutations where a codon change can encode the same amino acid resulting in no changes in the protein synthesized.
What is base substitution mutation?Base substitutions are the simplest type of gene-level mutation, and they involve the swapping of one nucleotide for another during DNA replication. For example, during replication, a thymine nucleotide might be inserted in the place of a guanine nucleotide.
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Is it possible that any of the individuals in the pedigree in Figure
14-7 are homozygous dominant?
Answers
Answer: Yes
Explanation:
Sponges are sessile organisms as adults. They are classified as animals because:
A) they exhibit movement as juveniles.
B) they possess tissues.
C) they grow by molting.
D) they have bilateral symmetry.
E) their gut forms front to back.
Answers
Sponges are sessile organisms as adults. They are classified as animals because (B) they possess tissues.
Sponges, also known as Porifera, are a phylum of animals that lack tissues and organs. They are simple aquatic animals that filter water for food by pumping it through their bodies. Sponges are sessile, meaning that they are unable to move from place to place.
The main reason that sponges are classified as animals is that they possess tissues, which are specialized cells that serve specific functions. Though sponges lack the organs found in most animals, they have many different cell types and a few tissues. This is why sponges are classified as animals because they possess tissues.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
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Gene or chromosomal changes. My options are the following:
1) Natural Selection
2) Radioactive dating
3) use and disuse
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
1 Naturals selection
This image shows the offspring that result from a dihybrid cross between a plant with wrinkled green seeds and a plant with round yellow seeds.
The fact that the seeds can be one of two different colors shows that the chromosomes with the seed color gene must sort independently.
The fact that the seeds can be one of two different colors shows that the chromosomes with the seed color gene must sort independently.
The fact that the seeds can be one of two different textures shows that the chromosomes with the seed texture gene must sort independently.
The fact that the seeds can be one of two different textures shows that the chromosomes with the seed texture gene must sort independently.
The idea that alleles sort independently is supported by the fact that some second generation offspring have trait combinations that the first generation parents do not have.
The idea that alleles sort independently is supported by the fact that some second generation offspring have trait combinations that the first generation parents do not have.
The idea that alleles sort independently is supported by the fact that some second generation offspring have the same trait combinations that the first generation parents have.
How can this graphic be used to support the idea of independent assortment?
Answers
Answer:
The idea that alleles sort independently is supported by the fact that some second generation offspring have trait combinations that the first generation parents do not have.
the structures of the limbic system are linked together because of their position within the cerebrum, even though they have a variety of functions.
Answers
The limbic system is a functional grouping rather than an anatomical one.
Major role of the epithalamus is to connect the limbic system to other parts of the brain. Other role of its components include the secretion of melatonin and secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland with the help of the pineal gland circadian rhythms, and regulation of motor pathways and emotions.
Limbic system is made to be an important constituent for the body's and its response towards the stress, because they are highly connected to the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems.
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Select four ways bacteria growth is controlled.
food irradiation
boiling
freezing
refrigeration
canning
harvesting methods
fertilizer
Answers
Answer:
boiling, freezing, refridgeration, and fertilizer.
Explanation:
the first three have to do with temperature, which tends to kill bacteria. Pesticides kill bacteria by poisoning them
Which body part from
other systems DOES
NOT interact directly with
breathing?
B. Diaphragm
D. Jaw bone
Ą. Capillaries
C. Ribs
Answers
Answer: D-Jawbone
Explanation:
That is common sense! All the rest are located in places that help you breath, Jaw bone is in your jaw, smh.
Jawbone does not interact directly with breathing.
Why breathing is important?Breathing is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs, which are the organs in which gas exchange takes place between the atmosphere and the body.
The breathing cycle can be divided into three basic stages including rest, inspiration, and expiration.
Every system in the body relies on oxygen. From cognition to digestion, effective breathing can not only provide you with a greater sense of mental clarity, it can also help you sleep better, digest food more efficiently.
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Assume there are nerve fibers that travel from the brain to the motor neurons in the spinal cord involved in the patellar reflex arc. some of these nerve tracts stiumlate the spinal neurons while other inhibit the same neurons. Hypothesize on the mechanism that would result in the delta mV differences observed between the reflexes with and without reinforcement.
Answers
It is possible that the observed differences in the delta mV between the reflexes with and without reinforcement could be due to changes in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the motor neurons, which could result from the activation of different sets of nerve fibers that either stimulate or inhibit the same spinal neurons.
The patellar reflex, also known as the knee reflex, is a monosynaptic reflex that involves a sensory neuron and a motor neuron in the spinal cord.
The sensory neuron carries information from the muscle spindle in the quadriceps muscle to the spinal cord, where it synapses with the motor neuron that innervates the quadriceps muscle.
When the sensory neuron is stimulated, it causes the motor neuron to fire, which leads to the contraction of the quadriceps muscle and the extension of the knee joint.
In the scenario described, where there are nerve fibers that both stimulate and inhibit the same spinal neurons involved in the patellar reflex, it is possible that the delta mV differences observed between the reflexes with and without reinforcement could be due to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the motor neurons.
When the sensory neuron is stimulated, it releases neurotransmitters that can either excite or inhibit the motor neuron, depending on the type of neurotransmitter and the type of receptor on the motor neuron.
If the balance of excitatory inputs is greater than the balance of inhibitory inputs, the motor neuron will fire more frequently, leading to a stronger muscle contraction and a larger delta mV in the electromyogram (EMG) recording.
Conversely, if the balance of inhibitory inputs is greater than the balance of excitatory inputs, the motor neuron will fire less frequently, leading to a weaker muscle contraction and a smaller delta mV in the EMG recording.
Further experimental studies would be needed to confirm this hypothesis and identify the specific mechanisms involved in the patellar reflex with and without reinforcement.
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what is a small, independently replicating dna molecule within a cell, physically separated from chromosomal dna?
Answers
Bacteria and certain other microscopic species contain plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules. Physically distinct from chromosomal DNA, plasmids multiply on their own.
A genetic component of a cell called a plasmid can multiply without the help of chromosomes. A little circular strand of DNA called a plasmid can be found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells like bacteria or protozoa. DNA is present in both forms, although plasmid and chromosomal DNA are different. Integrative DNA fragments come from rapidly proliferating bacteria like E. coli or can be created using a PCR-based method; they contain flanking homologous sections, a selection marker, and a gene of interest but are unable to replicate on their own in the host cell. There is a unique "origin of replication" for each plasmid.
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With respect to their marine environment, these organisms can be referred to as:heterotrophs.plankton.predators.benthos.nekton.
Answers
All of the terms you mentioned - respect, marine, environment, and organisms - are relevant to understanding how different types of marine life interact with their surroundings. In the context of your question, the term "respect" could be interpreted as referring to the importance of treating the marine environment and its inhabitants with care and consideration.
When it comes to classifying organisms based on their relationship with the marine environment, there are a few different categories that are commonly used. Heterotrophs are organisms that rely on other living things for food, while plankton are tiny organisms that drift along with the currents in the ocean. Predators are animals that hunt and eat other organisms, while benthos are creatures that live on or near the ocean floor. Nekton, on the other hand, are organisms that are capable of swimming and moving through the water on their own.
Each of these categories of organisms has its own unique role to play in the marine ecosystem, and they all interact with their environment in different ways. For example, plankton plays an important role in the ocean's food chain, serving as a primary food source for many larger animals. Benthos, meanwhile, help to break down organic matter on the ocean floor and keep the ecosystem healthy.
Overall, it's important to recognize the diversity of life that exists in the marine environment and to treat it with the respect it deserves. By understanding the different roles that organisms play and the ways in which they interact with their surroundings, we can work towards protecting and preserving this important ecosystem for future generations.
With respect to their marine environment, organisms can be referred to as:
1. Heterotrophs: These are organisms that obtain their energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms, as they cannot produce their own food.
2. Plankton: These are small, usually microscopic, organisms that drift in the water column and are an essential part of the marine food chain.
3. Predators: These are organisms that hunt and consume other organisms (prey) for their energy and nutrients.
4. Benthos: These are organisms that live on or on the ocean floor and are an important part of the marine ecosystem.
5. Nekton: These are free-swimming marine organisms, such as fish, marine mammals, and certain invertebrates, that can actively move in the water column.
Each of these terms describes organisms' different roles and adaptations within their marine environment.
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Classify each of the following simple carbohydrates as disaccharides or monosaccharides.1. Fructose2. Lactose3. Sucrose4. Maltose5. Glucose
Answers
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are two categories for simple carbohydrates. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides, which are compounds that only have one molecule. Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are disaccharides because they each have two molecules.
Is fructose a simple sugar?
Fructose, glucose, and lactose are examples of simple sugars (or carbs), and they are also present in wholesome whole fruits. Starchy vegetables, whole grains, rice, breads, and cereals are examples of foods that include complex carbohydrates (also known as starches).
Maltose is either simple or complicated.
Monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, and fructose) and disaccharides are examples of simple carbohydrates (sucrose, lactose, and maltose). The polysaccharides starch (amylose and amylopectin), glycogen, and fiber are examples of complex carbohydrates.
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Which letters indicates the structures that increases the surface of absorptive epithelial cells?
Answers
The structures that increase the surface of absorptive epithelial cells are microvilli. Microvilli, sometimes known as brush borders, are tiny, hair-like protrusions found on the apical surface of specific epithelial cells.
Microvilli are approximately 1-2 μm in length and 0.1 μm in diameter, and they cover the entire free surface of a cell. The purpose of microvilli is to increase the surface area of absorptive epithelial cells, allowing them to better absorb nutrients from the surrounding environment.
Microvilli are located in the small intestine and are the distinguishing feature of the absorptive cells that line it. They also cover the surface of several other cell types, including kidney proximal tubule cells, oviduct cells, and cochlear hair cells. Thus, these structures increase the absorptive surface of the epithelial cells, and the surface area is directly proportional to the amount of absorption taking place.
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What is the process of releasing water through holes in the leaves of plants?
Answers
For short it’s called transpiration
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write one similarity and one difference between the nutrition in amoeba and human beings
Answers
What is most likely the effect of unrestricted hunting of gray wolves on the food web? The vegetation will increase. The coyote population will increase. pacjen The beaver and rabbit population will increase. The elk and the mule deer population will increase.
Answers
The population of all plants will decrease.
How can poaching affect animal population?
The natural predator for elks and mule deer will be reduced if hunting of grey wolves is not restricted. This means that fewer elks and mule deer will be eaten, which would increase the population of the predator. Because elk and mule deer consume all the plants in that pyramid, the population of all plants will decrease because there will be fewer elks and mule deers to feed on them.Poaching endangers biodiversity and entire ecosystems by removing endangered species from their natural habitats. Wild animals that are targeted by poaching are more valuable as a result of their scarcity.
So, the population of plant will decrease.
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Does every part of an organism have the same chance of becoming fossilized? choose the correct answers and their corresponding explanations.
Answers
No every part of an organism have the same chance of becoming fossilized . Hard parts of the body preserve because they have biologically deposited minerals.
Fossilization can be defined as the physical, chemical, and biological processes that lead to the preservation of plant and animal remains over time.
Fossils include the organisms remains, such as plant or animal tissues, shells, teeth or bones, they also include traces of life such as foot prints. Fossil are generally formed After an animal dies, their soft parts decompose leaving the hard parts, like the skeleton, behind. This becomes buried by small particles of rock called sediment.
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Which nucleotide indicates the nucleic acid is RNA?
A. Uracil
B. Thymine
C. Cytosine
D. Adenine
Answers
Answer:
A. Uracil
Explanation:
Uracil replaces Thymine in RNA.
The 2nd step of the Central Dogma is called ____________________. In this process, first the enzyme ____________ unwinds the DNA strand at the ______________________.Then, the enzyme ________________ latches on the open section of the genes of DNA that needs to be read and adds in nucleotides to make the __________ strand; which contains the decoded information of DNA. This enzyme adds adenine to ____________, cytosine to ____________. The nucleotide uracil replaces ______________ that is in DNA but not in RNA. In the last step, RNA polymerase reaches the end of the gene sequence and breaks apart from the DNA template strand to take the message made to a ribosome to produce a ___________ from it. Other types of RNA are ______ which stands for ____________________ and _____ which stands for ________________.
Answers
We have to know that the central dogma of the molecular biology is about how the information flows from DNA to proteins. This way we have the following:
We can see here how the 2nd step of the central dogma is the transduction from
Which of the following fungal infections results in a white, curdy discharge?
candidiasis
pyelonephritis
ophthalmia neonatorum
Answers
The fungal infection that results in a white, curdy discharge is candidiasis.
Candidiasis is caused by the overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast that naturally resides in the body. It commonly affects areas such as the mouth (oral thrush) and genital region (genital candidiasis or yeast infection). In cases of vaginal candidiasis, a white, curdy discharge is often one of the characteristic symptoms.
Other symptoms may include itching, redness, and discomfort in the affected area. It is important to note that the other options provided, pyelonephritis and ophthalmia neonatorum, are not fungal infections and do not typically result in a white, curdy discharge.
Therefore, Candiasis is the correct answer.
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5. An herbivore might eat all of the following except
A algae
B ants
C ferns
D leaves
Answers
Explanation:
Hey, there!!
The answer is option A. (Ants)
As herbivorous are those organism which only consume various type of plants.
For option A, Algae is a plant.Option B, Ants are not plants and herbivorous don't eat them.Option C is also a plant.Option D is leaves of plants only.So, all are consumed by herbivorous expect ants as it is an insect.
Hope it helps...
What can store more energy, Glucose or ATP? How much more?
Answers
Answer:
Let's take a closer look at a molecule of ATP. Although it carries less energy than glucose, its structure is more complex. The "A" in ATP refers to the majority of the molecule, adenosine, a combination of a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar.