If oxygen is unavailable, what happens to the citric acid cycle?
A. It stops because the supplies of NAD+ and FAD become depleted.
B. It continues because none of the reactions in the citric acid cycle require oxygen.
C. It continues because ATP levels are low, and low ATP activates enzymes of the cycle.
D. It stops because ADP levels increase in the absence of oxygen.
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Answers

Answer 1

If oxygen is unavailable, the citric acid cycle stops. The correct option is D. It stops because ADP levels increase in the absence of oxygen.

What is the citric acid cycle?

The citric acid cycle is a process in which energy is produced through the breakdown of glucose.

It is also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. It takes place in the mitochondria of cells and produces NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.

What happens when oxygen is unavailable?

In the presence of oxygen, the citric acid cycle runs smoothly and efficiently and produces a large amount of ATP. However, in the absence of oxygen, the electron transport chain cannot function properly, and the supply of NAD+ and FAD is rapidly depleted.

This leads to the accumulation of ADP, which ultimately inhibits the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle stops in the absence of oxygen because the supply of NAD+ and FAD becomes depleted and ADP levels increase.

Therefore, option D is correct.

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Related Questions

The compound FeCl3 is made of

Answers

Answer:

one atom of iron and three atoms of chlorine

Explanation:

hope it helps you and give me a brainliest

Answer:

One iron atom and Three chlorine atoms

Explanation:

"A 25.0 mL sample of 0.150 M hypochlorous acid is titrated with a 0.150 M NaOH solution. What is the pH after 26.0 mL of base is added? The K a of hypochlorous acid is 3.0 × 10^ -8.
2.54
7.54
11.47
7.00
7.51"

Answers

10.20 is the pH after 26.0 mL of base is added as a 25.0 mL sample of 0.150 M hypochlorous acid is titrated with a 0.150 M NaOH solution.

Define titration.

To ascertain the concentration of an identified analyte, titration is a typical laboratory technique for quantitative chemical analysis. A standard solution with a known concentration and volume is prepared as the reagent, also known as the titrant or titrator.

It is a method of chemical analysis where the amount of a sample's ingredient is determined by mixing a precisely measured amount of the desired constituent with a different substance in a precise, known proportion.

HClO + NaOH → H2O + NaClO

1.0x10⁻¹⁴ / 3.0x10⁻⁸ = 3.33x10⁻⁷ = [HClO] [OH-] / [NaClO]

[NaClO] = 0.075M

The K a of hypochlorous acid is 3.0 × 10^-8.

[HClO] = [OH-] = X

3.33x10⁻⁷ = [X] [X] / [0.075M]

X = 1.58x10⁻⁴M = [OH-]

pOH = -log [OH-] i.e. 3.80

pH = 14 - pOH = 10.20

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The enthalpy of vaporization of methanol is 35. 27 kJ mol-1 at its normal boiling point of 64. 1°C. Calculate (a) the entropy of vaporization of methanol at this temperature and (b) the entropy change of the surroundings

Answers

Answer:

influence of a business invironment

Pls help and make sure of your answer I have an exam tmrw and it will come

Pls help and make sure of your answer I have an exam tmrw and it will come

Answers

Answer:

It is B.

Explanation:

The introduction serves to inform the reader of the basic premises, and then to state the author's thesis, or central idea. A thesis can also be used to point out the subject of each body paragraph. When a thesis essay is applied to this format, the first paragraph typically consists of a narrative hook, followed by a sentence that introduces the general theme, then another sentence narrowing the focus of the one previous. (If the author is using this format for a text-based thesis, then a sentence quoting the text, supporting the essay-writer's claim, would typically go here, along with the name of the text and the name of the author. Example: "In the book Night, Elie Wiesel says..."). After this, the author narrows the discussion of the topic by stating or identifying a problem. Often, an organizational sentence is used here to describe the layout of the paper. Finally, the last sentence of the first paragraph of such an essay would state the thesis the author is trying to prove. The thesis is often linked to a "road map" for the essay, which is basically an embedded outline stating precisely what the three body paragraphs will address and giving the items in the order of the presentation. Not to be confused with an organizational sentence, a thesis merely states "The book Night follows Elie Wiesel's journey from innocence to experience," while an organizational sentence directly states the structure and order of the essay. Basically, the thesis statement should be proven throughout the essay. In each of the three body paragraphs, one or more identified (evidence/fact/etc.) that supports the thesis statement is discussed. And in the conclusion, everything is analyzed and summed up. For example, the conclusion part in an essay about sports: "Sports can bring a bunch of benefits for youth, including general health, together with blood circulation and overall physical stamina improvement. Sport develops and improves people’s physical, social, and organizational skills, which are beneficial in personal and professional life and must always be obtained."

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Answers

Answer:

lol good luck

Explanation:

u need it

Why can density be used to find volume of foil

Answers

Answer:

Since the foil has a mass of 830 g, you can use the density to find its volume 830g ⋅ 1 cm3 2.70g = 307.4 cm3 You now know that the volume of the foil is

Explanation:

The density (more precisely, the volumetric mass density; also known as specific mass), of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: ρ=m/V where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume. In some cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas industry), density is loosely defined as its weight per unit volume, although this is scientifically inaccurate – this quantity is more specifically called specific weight.

50 POINTS: PLEASE ANSWER AS QUICK AS POSSIBLE!

Question:

After getting their results in, a group of scientists went back and looked at their study. As planned, their experiment consisted of three groups. The first group received a new medicine at a normal dose, the second group received the medicine at half the dose, and the third group received the medicine at twice the dose.

Which of the following best describes what went wrong with the scientists’ study?


Choices:

- an improper experimental procedure

- the lack of a control group

- selection bias

- human error

Answers

Explanation:

The lack of a control group

The answer would be “the lack of a control group.” To make the results more accurate, the scientists should have used a placebo group to use as a comparison.

how can you blance it and make it equal on both sides

2H2+o2=2H2o blance it

Answers

Answer:

it have been already balanced

2H2 + O2 = 2H2O.

How many grams of ethylene glycol (C2H6O7) must be added to 1.00 kg of water to produce a solution that freezes at -5.00C

Answers

0.03 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O7) must be added to 1.00 kg of water to produce a solution that freezes at -5.00C.

How to calculate the amount of solution with freezing point ?

\(\Delta T_{f} = K_{f} m\)

where,

ΔTf = Change in freezing point

Kf = molal freezing point depression constant of the solvent

m = moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Now,

\(\Delta T_{f} = K_{f} m\)

\(\Delta T_{f} = K_{f} \times \frac{W_2}{M_2} \times \frac{1000}{W_1}\)                 [-5.00°C = 273 + (-5.00) = 268 K] \(268 = 1.86 \times \frac{W_2}{62} \times \frac{1000}{0.001}\)                 [1.00 kg = 0.001 g]

\(W_{2} = \frac{268 \times 62 \times 0.001}{1000 \times 1.86}\)

     = 0.03 g

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 0.03 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O7) must be added to 1.00 kg of water to produce a solution that freezes at -5.00C.

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PLEASE HURRY
Which layer of Earth is the densest and why is that so?
A: The outer core is densest due to gravitational compression.
B: The outer core is densest due to generation of radiogenic heat.
C: The outer core is densest due to accretion.
C: The inner core is densest due to gravitational compression.
D: The inner core is densest due to generation of radiogenic heat.

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Answer: C: The inner core is densest due to gravitational compression

Explanation:  

Predict how this equilibrium would respond to simultaneous increase in both temperature and pressure.

Predict how this equilibrium would respond to simultaneous increase in both temperature and pressure.

Answers

According to chemical equilibrium, increase in temperature and pressure pushes the equilibrium in forward direction.

Chemical equilibrium is defined as the condition which arises during the course of a reversible chemical reaction with no net change in amount of reactants and products.A reversible chemical reaction is the one wherein the products as soon as they are formed react together to produce back the reactants.

Conditions which are required for equilibrium are given by quantitative formulation.Factors which affect chemical equilibrium are change in concentration , change in pressure and temperature and presence of catalyst.

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If an 83.00 g sample of Iron has a starting temperature of 297K and an ending temperature of 329K, how much heat will be lost from the iron sample?

Answers

Answer:

1192.54 J

Explanation:

Applying,

Q = cm(t₂-t₁)................ Equation 1

Where Q = Amount of heat lost, c = specific heat capacity of the iron, m = mass of the iron, t₁ = initial temperature, t₂ = final temperature.

From the question,

Given: m = 83 g = 0.083 kg, t₁ = 297 K, t₂ = 329 K

Constant: c = 449 J/kg.K

Substitute these values into equation 1

Q = 449(0.083)(329-297)

Q = 449(0.083)(32)

Q = 1192.54 J

Why does electronegativity increase as you move from left to right across
a period?
Increasing number of energy levels increases electron shielding.
Decreasing number of electrons in the cloud make it less negative.
Increasing number of protons increases the positive charge of the nucleus.
Decreasing number of neutrons make the nucleus more positive.

Answers

Answer: increasing number of protons increases the positive charge of the nucleus.

Explanation: because as the electronegativity moves from left to right on the periodic table the protons do increase to make it into a positive charge.

Which of the following statements is true about dilute and concentrated solutions?
Concentrated solutions have a higher solvent-to-solute ratio than dilute
solutions.
Concentrated solutions contain more solute than dilute solutions.
Dilute solutions contain more solute than concentrated solutions.
Dilute solutions have a higher solvent-to-solute ratio than concentrated
solutions.

Answers

Answer:

The statement that is true about dilute and concentrated solutions is: Dilute solutions have a higher solvent-to-solute ratio than concentrated solutions.

Explanation:

In dilute solutions, the amount of solute is relatively low compared to the amount of solvent. Conversely, in concentrated solutions, the amount of solute is relatively high compared to the amount of solvent.

For example, if you add a teaspoon of sugar to a cup of water, you have a dilute solution. If you add five teaspoons of sugar to the same cup of water, you have a concentrated solution.

So, the correct statement is that dilute solutions have a higher solvent-to-solute ratio than concentrated solutions.

Answer:

Dilute solutions have a higher solvent-to-solute ratio than concentrated

solutions.

Explanation:

Chemistry grade 10 Streams as Sensors: Arctic watersheds as indicators of change are C and N budgets changing over multiple years in the Arctic Kuparuk River Watershed?​

Answers

Arial and Jay tracked the N and C budget in the Kuparuk River using historical data as well as water quality sensors placed in the river in 2017 and 2018.

And where is Kuparuk?

ConocoPhillips runs the second-largest oil field in North America, the Kuparuk River Unit (Kuparuk), on Alaska's North Slope, 40 miles west of Prudhoe Bay. Kuparuk was found in 1969, and in 1981 it started producing oil. By 1992, it was producing at a record-breaking 322,000 barrels per day.

Is oil still present in Alaska?

The North Slope & Cook Inlet sandstones still hold immense, undiscovered petroleum potential, despite nearly 60 years of industrial oil and gas extraction in Alaska.

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is magnetism, reactivity, and fluorescence used to identify minerals

Answers

yes it is used , hope this helps

3NO₂ + H₂O → 2HNO3 + NO 3NO₂ + H₂O → 2HNO3 + NO

How many moles of nitric acid are produced from 300 mol of nitrogen dioxide?​

Answers

Answer:

Ken is planting vegetables in his garden. He has 20 seeds. Determine whether 20 is prime or composite number. If it is composite, list all of the ways Ken can arrange the seeds in even rows.

what is the dependent variable in the experiment shown​

Answers

I think you forgot to attach a picture
what is the dependent variable in the experiment shown

Answer: you didn’t but the equation if you want I can show you.

Explanation:

Cual de las opciones siguientes NO es una característica comun de una institución financiera

Answers

Cualquier servicio que no tenga que ver con la transacción financiera no es prestado por las instituciones financieras.

Instituciones financieras

Una institución financiera se refiere a cualquier institución que tiene la responsabilidad de realizar transacciones financieras en nombre de individuos u organizaciones.

Las instituciones financieras proporcionan;

Servicios de créditoAhorrosHipotecaServicios de transferencia de dinero

Cualquier servicio que no tenga que ver con la transacción financiera no es prestado por las instituciones financieras.

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Physical or chemical change? Salt crystals forming on a hot day by the Great Salt Lake

Answers

The formation of salt crystals on a hot day by the Great Salt Lake is a physical change. This is because the process does not involve a chemical reaction that changes the composition of the salt. The heat simply causes the water to evaporate, leaving behind the salt crystals.

A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties include color, density, hardness, and melting and boiling points. A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.


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Write in standard notation 6.078 x 10 expo 3

Answers

Answer:

6078

Explanation:

985 grams converted to kilometers

Answers

Answer:

?

Explanation:

did you mean kilograms?

How many moles of sulfur
dioxide are in 2.26 x 10^33 sulfur dioxide molecules?

Answers

Answer:

moles = no. of molecules / Avogadro's number

         = 2.26 x 10^33 / 6.022 x 10^23

         = 3752906011

Round to significant figures which is 3 = 3.75 x 10^9 mol

Explanation: The formula for finding how many moles of a substance when given the amount of molecules is: moles = number of molecules / Avogadro's number

I pls help me this is the question:

define the following terms below​

I pls help me this is the question:define the following terms below

Answers

Answer:

natural resources: materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.

renewable resources:  a natural resource that is unlimited or that is naturally replenished rather quickly, such as sunlight or water

non renewable resources: (also called a finite resource) is a natural resource that cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a pace quick enough to keep up with consumption.

determine the order of the intermediates in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Note, HMG-CoA is the abbreviation for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA. Identify the correct order of the first three intermediates. O HMG-CoA rightarrow acetyl CoA rightarrow mevalonate O acetyl CoA rightarrow mevalonate rightarrow HMG-CoA O mevalonate rightarrow acetyl CoA rightarrow HMG-CoA O acetyl CoA rightarrow HMG-CoA rightarrow mevalonate
Identify the next three intermediates, in the correct order. O famesyl pyrophosphate rightarrow isopentenyl pyrophosphate rightarrow geranyl pyrophosphate O isopentenyl pyrophosphate rightarrow geranyl pyrophosphate rightarrow farnesyl pyrophosphate O geranyl pyrophosphate rightarrow famesyl pyrophosphate rightarrow isopentenyl pyrophosphate
Identify the remaining intermediates to form cholesterol. O lanosterol rightarrow squalene epoxide rightarrow squalene rightarrow cholesterol O squalene rightarrow squalene epoxide rightarrow lanosterol rightarrow cholesterol O squalene epoxide rightarrow squalene rightarrow lanosterol rightarrow cholesterol O lanosterol rightarrow squalene rightarrow squalene epoxide rightarrow cholesterol

Answers

The biosynthesis of cholesterol is a complex process that involves multiple steps and intermediates. The pathway starts with acetyl CoA, which is converted to HMG-CoA by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. Mevalonate is then formed by the action of several enzymes. The next intermediates are isopentenyl pyrophosphate, geranyl pyrophosphate, and farnesyl pyrophosphate, which are formed by the condensation of several molecules of isopentenyl pyrophosphate.

Finally, lanosterol is formed from squalene through several intermediate steps, which ultimately lead to the production of cholesterol. This process is tightly regulated, and any disruption in the biosynthesis of cholesterol can lead to various diseases. In the biosynthesis of cholesterol, the correct order of the first three intermediates is: acetyl CoA → HMG-CoA → mevalonate.
The next three intermediates, in the correct order, are: isopentenyl pyrophosphate → geranyl pyrophosphate → farnesyl pyrophosphate.
The remaining intermediates to form cholesterol are: squalene → squalene epoxide → lanosterol → cholesterol.

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Which orbital is portrayed on the right?

Which orbital is portrayed on the right?

Answers

A maximum of two electrons will be placed in 1s first. With a maximum of two electrons, 2s will then be filled. With a maximum of 6 electrons, 2p will then be filled.

What's the appearance of the p orbital?A maximum of two electrons will be placed in 1s first. With a maximum of two electrons, 2s will then be filled. With a maximum of 6 electrons, 2p will then be filled.A maximum of two electrons will be placed in 1s first. With a maximum of two electrons, 2s will then be filled. With a maximum of 6 electrons, 2p will then be filled.Each shell can only carry a certain amount of electrons: the first shell can hold two electrons, the second shell can hold eight electrons (2 + 6) and so on, the third shell can hold 18 electrons (2 + 6 + 10).        

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The average atomic mass of zinc is 65.37 amu, and it's atomic number is
30. How many ELECTRONS does zinc have?

Answers

Answer:

30

Explanation:

The number of protons determines an element's atomic number and is used to distinguish one element from another. ... Together, the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element's mass number.

The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons. The mass number of the atom (M) is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The number of neutrons is equal to the difference between the mass number of the atom (M) and the atomic number (Z).

Write a balanced equation from the following cell notation:
Mn(s)|Mn²⁺(aq)||Cd²⁺ (aq)|Cd(s)
Include the physical state of each reactant and product.

Answers

The given cell notation "Mn(s)|Mn²⁺(aq)||Cd²⁺(aq)|Cd(s)" represents an electrochemical cell with the following half-cell reactions: At the anode (left side): Mn(s) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻, At the cathode (right side): Cd²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cd(s)

In the overall balanced equation, we can combine these two half-cell reactions:

Mn(s) + Cd²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + Cd(s)

The physical state of each reactant and product can be included as follows:

Solid manganese (Mn) is the anode (left side), represented as "Mn(s)".

Aqueous manganese(II) ion (Mn²⁺) is in solution, represented as "Mn²⁺(aq)".

Aqueous cadmium(II) ion (Cd²⁺) is in solution, represented as "Cd²⁺(aq)".

Solid cadmium (Cd) is the cathode (right side), represented as "Cd(s)".

The balanced equation for the given cell notation is:

Mn(s) + Cd²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + Cd(s)

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Distinguish the locations and tissues between the periosteum and the endosteum.

Answers

The periosteum is a fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bones, excluding the joints. It is composed of connective tissue and is rich in blood vessels, nerves, and osteoblasts, cells responsible for bone growth and repair. The periosteum helps to protect bones and provides a site for muscle attachment.

The endosteum, on the other hand, is a thin layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of bones, including the spaces within bones where bone marrow is stored. It is composed of connective tissue and is rich in osteoclasts, cells that break down and resorb bone tissue. The endosteum helps to regulate the growth and repair of bones and is involved in the maintenance of bone homeostasis.

In summary, the periosteum is located on the outer surface of bones and the endosteum lines the inner surface of bones, including bone marrow spaces.

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what is chemical reaction?

Answers

Answer:

Chemical reactions occur when chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken. The substances that go into a chemical reaction are called the reactants, and the substances produced at the end of the reaction are known as the products.

Explanation:

hope it helps

which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products.
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