if parts flow from machine a to machine b and then to machine c, then which pair of machines can be farther apart from each other?
Answers
If parts flow from machine A to machine B and then to machine C, the pair of machines that can be farther apart from each other is machine A and machine C.
Since the parts must pass through machine B to reach machine C, the distance between machine A and machine C can be greater than the distance between machine A and machine B or the distance between machine B and machine C. The flow of parts from one machine to another creates a sequential process, and the farthest distance is typically between the initial and final machines in the production flow.
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Related Questions
How can the adoption of a data platform simplify data governance for an organization?How can the adoption of a data platform simplify data governance for an organization?
Answers
Answer:
provides the Organization with accurate data analytics ,
provides/ensures strict compliance in the organization,
helps in lowering the cost of managing data in the organization and
provides the data scientists access to the exact data they require to work with
Explanation:
The adoption of a data platform by an organization for the purpose of handling Data, helps to simplify data governance by :
i)provides the Organization with accurate data analytics ,
ii) provides/ensures strict compliance in the organization,
iii) It helps in lowering the cost of managing data in the organization and
iv) provides the data scientists access to the exact data they require to work with
When engine power is increased, the constant-speed propeller tries to function so that it will?
Answers
When engine power is increased, the constant-speed propeller tries to function so that it will maintain a constant rotational speed.
The constant-speed propeller is designed to automatically adjust its pitch in response to changes in engine power. This allows it to maintain a consistent rotational speed, even as the engine power increases. As the engine power increases, the propeller blades will adjust their pitch to a finer angle, which creates more lift and allows the propeller to maintain a constant rotational speed. This is important because it ensures that the propeller operates efficiently and optimally, allowing the aircraft to achieve maximum performance. Without this automatic adjustment, the propeller would struggle to maintain a consistent speed, resulting in inefficient operation and potential damage to the engine and propeller.
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A long, V-shaped part is heat treated by suspending it in a tubular furnace with a diameter of 2 m and a wall temperature of 925 K. The "vee is 1-m long on a side and has an angle of 60 Furnace, T Part, Tp If the wall of the furnace and the surfaces of the part may be approximated as blackbodies and the part is at an initial temperature of 300 K, what is the net rate of radiation heat transfer per unit length to the part, in W/m?
Answers
The part's net radiation heat transfer rate, expressed as a rate per unit length, isQ=123.4Kw/m
Given
temperature of 925 K
diameter of 2 m
we know that F11+f12+f13=1
F11+F13=1
so
F11=F13=0.5
A1F13=A3F31
=2L*1*0.5
2*1*1*0.5
A1F13=1
Similary F23 =1
A3F32=2
Therefore
A1F13=1
A3F32=2
T3=925k
T1=T2=300k
Q=1*σ*(925⁴-300⁴)+2*σ*(925⁴-300⁴)
=3*σ*(925⁴-300⁴)
=3*5.67*10⁻⁸*(925⁴-300⁴)
Therefore net radiation heat transfer rate
Q=123.4Kw/m
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Which of the following occupations is the most physically dangerous?
O electrician
O Ironworker
O boilermaker
O cement mason
Answers
Answer:Ironworker
Explanation:
Their work is totally physical and lead they get hampered by lead most
Answer:
answer:ironworker
Explanation:
they can be hampered and can also get severely injured.
Which step in the reverse-engineering process involves the identification of subsystems and their relationship to one another?
Answers
The answer is analyze
What does efficiency measure?
Answers
Answer:
Efficiency is defined as any performance that uses the fewest number of inputs to produce the greatest number of outputs. Simply put, you're efficient if you get more out of less.
Explanation:
how should email be considered similar to a phone call
Answers
Answer:
Emails and phone calls are both common forms of communication that are used in professional and personal settings. There are several similarities between email and phone calls:
1. Both are asynchronous forms of communication: Unlike instant messaging or face-to-face conversations, both emails and phone calls allow the sender or recipient to respond at their convenience. They don't require immediate attention or an instant response.
2. Both are written forms of communication: While phone calls rely on spoken words, emails are written. As a result, both can be used to convey detailed information and allow the sender to carefully consider their words before sending.
3. Both are forms of direct communication: Emails and phone calls both allow for direct communication between two parties. This can be beneficial for discussing sensitive information or resolving issues quickly.
4. Both can be used for formal and informal communication: Emails and phone calls can be used in both personal and professional contexts. They are both flexible forms of communication that can be adapted to fit different situations.
5. Both require attention to tone and etiquette: Just like with phone calls, emails require attention to tone and proper etiquette. Both forms of communication should be approached professionally and respectfully to ensure effective communication.
In conclusion, while there are differences between emails and phone calls, there are also similarities that make them useful communication tools. Both allow for direct, asynchronous communication and can be adapted to fit different situations.
Explanation:
Even in the Max A/C mode, some systems provide for up to 50 percent fresh air.
Answers
Recirculated air is the primary source of air in the MAX cooling position. A customer reports that no matter what temperature range is selected on the control panel, the passenger compartment temperature is either consistently too hot, cold, or stays the same.
What Max A/C systems provide for to 50 percent fresh air?Pressurization is necessary for a refrigeration system. If the compressor is removed, the refrigerant in the air conditioner remains stationary.
Therefore, The high-pressure gas refrigerant reaches the condenser after exiting the compressor, where it changes from a gas to a liquid.
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Create an array of 10 size and assign 10 random numbers. Now find the sum of the array using for and while loop.
Answers
Answer:
10
Explanation:
The drum has a mass of 50 kg and a radius of gyration about the pin at O of 0.23 o k m = . If the 15kg block is moving downward at 3 / m s , and a force of P N =100 is applied to the brake arm, determine how far the block descends from the instant the brake is applied until it stops. Neglect the thickness of the handle. The coefficient of kinetic friction at the brake pad is 0.5 k = .
Answers
Note: The diagram referred to in this question is attached as a file below.
Answer:
The block descended a distance of 9.75m from the instant the brake is applied until it stops.
Explanation:
For clarity and easiness of expression, the calculations and the Free Body Diagram are contained in the attached file. Check the attached file below.
The block descended a distance of 9.75 m
estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle material if it is known that fracture occurs by the propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of length 0.29 mm and that has a tip radius of curvature of 0.004 mm when a stress of 1300 mpa is applied.
Answers
The theoretical fracture strength of the brittle material is estimated to be approximately 165.6 MPa when a stress of 1300 MPa is applied and fracture occurs by the propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of length 0.29 mm and tip radius of curvature of 0.004 mm.
To estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle material given the information provided, we can use Griffith's theory of brittle fracture. According to this theory, the fracture strength of a brittle material can be expressed as:
σ_f = (2Eγπa)^0.5
where σ_f is the fracture strength, E is the elastic modulus, γ is the surface energy per unit area, and a is the length of the elliptically shaped surface crack.
To calculate the fracture strength, we need to first determine the surface energy per unit area of the material. For glass, a typical value of surface energy is around 1 J/m^2.
Given the length of the elliptically shaped surface crack (a) is 0.29 mm, and the tip radius of curvature is 0.004 mm, we can calculate the crack area (A) as follows:
A = πab = π(0.29/2)(0.004)
A ≈ 5.67 x 10^-7 m^2
Next, we can calculate the elastic modulus (E) of the material. For glass, the elastic modulus is typically around 70 GPa.
Substituting these values into the equation for fracture strength, we get:
σ_f = (2Eγπa)^0.5 = [2(70 x 10^9)(1)(π)(0.29 x 10^-3)]^0.5
σ_f ≈ 165.6 MPa
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structural walls constructed with cold-formed steel use heavier gauge studs. these studs are at least ? and could be as much as ? .
Answers
Structural walls constructed with cold-formed steel use heavier gauge studs. These studs are at least 20 gauge and could be as much as 12 gauge.
Cold-formed steel is a popular choice for structural walls due to its strength and durability. Heavier gauge studs, ranging from at least 20 gauge to as much as 12 gauge, are used in these walls to provide added stability and support. The gauge of a stud refers to its thickness, with lower gauge numbers indicating thicker studs. Using thicker studs increases the load-bearing capacity of the wall, making it able to withstand heavier loads and providing a higher level of structural integrity. Additionally, thicker gauge studs also offer greater fire resistance and acoustic insulation, making them a versatile option for construction projects. As a result, cold-formed steel walls using heavier gauge studs are a popular choice in both residential and commercial building construction.
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Donna makes a website feature that will recommend books to users by asking questions about their likes and dislikes. There's a bug in the program, so she decides to ask her friend Martha to look over her code. Before Martha looks at the code, she asks Donna to describe it. Which of the following parts of Donna's description is an abstraction? Select TWO answers. A "The ask method prints out a multiple choice question to the user and then records the user's answer in a list." B "After all the questions have been asked, the match method retrieves three book recommendations for each answer selected and puts them in a new list." С "From there, the match method uses the selection sort algorithm to sort the list of recommendations D "Finally, the match method uses a loop to compare each item in the list to the previous item. If there are two items that are the same, that item is printed out for the user to see."
Answers
The "ask method" prints a multiple-choice question to the user, who subsequently enters a response, which is then listed.The match approach "retrieves three reading material for each response picked and adds them to a new list after all questions have been answered."
Explanation: Without going into great depth on how the code works, each of these descriptions provide Martha a general understanding of what the code accomplishes.
Which one of the following procedural abstraction qualities is desired?Code that is more understandable and reusable is one of procedural abstraction's desirable qualities.Choice "A" suggests that the software is more reusable because it is only confined to the extent that the users' needs dictate.
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You are interested in looking at all flights to "STL". You want to know the total distance and the total hours flown by aircraft number for all flights to STL.AC_NUMBER Total Distance Total Hours1484P 980 6 4278Y 472 2.6
Answers
To find the total distance and hours flown by aircraft number for all flights to STL, simply sum up the distances and hours for each aircraft: 1484P has 980 miles and 6 hours, while 4278Y has 472 miles and 2.6 hours.
Explanation:
1. Identify the relevant data for each aircraft (AC_NUMBER, Total Distance, Total Hours)
- 1484P: 980 miles, 6 hours
- 4278Y: 472 miles, 2.6 hours
2. Add the total distances and hours for each aircraft to find the combined values:
- Total Distance: 980 + 472 = 1452 miles
- Total Hours: 6 + 2.6 = 8.6 hours
3. The resulting information for all flights to STL is:
- AC_NUMBER: 1484P & 4278Y
- Total Distance: 1452 miles
- Total Hours: 8.6 hours
The given data provides the total distance and total hours flown by each aircraft number for all flights to STL.
The first row of data shows that aircraft number 1484P has flown a total distance of 980 miles and a total of 6 hours in all flights to STL.
The second row of data shows that aircraft number 4278Y has flown a total distance of 472 miles and a total of 2.6 hours in all flights to STL.
This information can be useful for analyzing the performance of different aircraft on flights to STL, identifying any trends or patterns, and making decisions related to aircraft usage and maintenance.
Further analysis can be done by comparing the data with other factors such as fuel consumption, passenger load, and weather conditions, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the flights to STL.
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eggzOG43199
:) it has to be more than 20 characters so I'm just saying this
Answers
Answer:
giberishgiberishgiberishgiberishgiberishgiberishgiberishgiberishgiberish
Explanation:
i have no idea what the question is but do u 4 real need help?
Process Planning Process Flowchart for Making an Acrylic Phone Stand Directions: Working in a group or partners, create a process flowchart for producing 1,000 acrylic phones stand for a business. Use the symbols provided to create the flowchart. To understand the process, you need to know these facts: The machine can only produce 20 phones stands per acrylic sheet. Your team must be done on a Friday so the phone stands must be ready for delivery the following Monday. 3. 1. 2 There must be inspections before production, during production, and after production. 4. The acrylic sheets and machine are located in different rooms. The 1000 phones stands has to be delivered to a vendor on Mondays. Your Process Planning must start with the gathering of materials and end with delivery. 7. Too short of a flowchart will be very unclear and can lead to mistakes in production.
Answers
Answer:
20a=1000
Explanation:
When the batt switch is in EMER, where does the emergency bus get power
Answers
When the battery switch is in EMER (emergency) mode, the emergency bus gets power from the aircraft's battery. In this situation, the battery provides power directly to the emergency bus, ensuring that essential systems and equipment continue to operate even if the main power sources fail.
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Salt in crude oil must be removed before the oil undergoes processing in a refinery. The crude oil is fed to a washing unit where freshwater fed to the unit mixes with the oil and dissolves a portion of the salt contained in the oil. The oil (containing some salt but no water), being less dense than the water, can be removed at the top of the washer. If the “spent” wash water contains 15% salt and the crude oil contains 5% salt, determine the concentration of salt in the “washed” oil product if the ratio of crud oil (with salt) to water used is 4:1.
Answers
Answer:
What is the question?
Explanation:
The term _______________refers to the science of using fluids to perform work.
Answers
Answer:
Hi, there your answer is hydraulics
Explanation:
(4) At higher power levels, it is crucial for the efficiency to be high (usually between 95% - 98.5%), this makes a transformer the most efficient electrical devices. Why is this high efficiency so important
Answers
High efficiency is crucial in transformers, especially at higher power levels (between 95% - 98.5%), due to several reasons related to energy conservation, cost savings, and environmental impact.
High efficiency in transformers is important for various reasons. Firstly, it ensures that a large majority of the input electrical energy is converted into usable output energy, minimizing wastage. This is especially critical in high-power applications where even small energy losses can result in significant overall power loss. Efficient transformers help conserve energy resources and reduce the environmental impact associated with energy generation. Secondly, high efficiency translates to cost savings. More efficient transformers require less energy input to deliver the desired output power, reducing operational costs over the transformer's lifespan. This is particularly beneficial in industrial and commercial settings where large amounts of power are consumed. Moreover, high efficiency in transformers leads to reduced heat generation during operation. Transformers with lower losses produce less waste heat, resulting in improved thermal management and increased reliability. Lower heat generation also reduces the need for additional cooling mechanisms, saving on equipment and maintenance costs. Overall, high efficiency in transformers plays a significant role in optimizing energy utilization, reducing operational expenses, and promoting environmental sustainability. It is a key factor in selecting and designing transformers for efficient power distribution systems.
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What does the following code do? Assume list is an array of int values, temp is some previously initialized int value, and c is an int initialized to 0.
for (int j = 0; j < list.length; j++)
if (list[j] > temp) c++;
Question 13 options:
A) It finds the smallest value and stores it in temp
B) It counts the number of elements equal to the smallest value in list
C) It counts the number of elements in list that are greater than temp
D) It counts the number of elements in list that are less than temp
Answers
The given code snippet is a loop that iterates over each element in the "list" array. It compares each element to the value stored in the variable "temp". If the element is greater than "temp", it increments the counter variable "c" by 1.
Therefore, the code is counting the number of elements in the "list" array that are greater than the value of "temp".
To elaborate, the loop initializes an index variable "j" to 0 and iterates as long as "j" is less than the length of the "list" array. For each iteration, it checks if the element at index "j" in the "list" array is greater than the value of "temp". If it is, it increments the counter variable "c" by 1.
At the end of the loop, the variable "c" will hold the count of elements in the "list" array that are greater than "temp".
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using the following data for july, calculate the cost of goods manufactured: beginning finished goods inventory 150,475. Ending finished goods inventory 145,750. sales 400,000. Gross Margin 120,000. The cost of goods manufactured was
Answers
Answer:
The correct response is "$275,275".
Explanation:
The given values are:
Sales,
= 400,000
Gross margin,
= 120,000
Beginning Inventory goods,
= 150,475
Finished inventory goods,
= 145,750
Now,
The cost of goods sold will be:
= \(Sales-Gross \ margin\)
On substituting the values, we get
= \(400,000-120,000\)
= \(280,000\)
As we know,
⇒ \(Cost \ of \ goods \ sold=Beginning \ inventory \ goods+ cost \ of \ goods \ manufactured-Ending \ inventory \ goods\)
⇒ \(280,000=150,475+ cost \ of \ goods \ manufactured-145750\)
⇒ \(280,000=cost \ of \ goods \ manufactured+4,725\)
⇒ \(Cost \ of \ goods \ manufactured=280,000-4,725\)
⇒ \(=275,275\) ($)
why the power factor is Low in no load test in induction motor ?
Answers
The reason for low power factor in no load test in induction motor is high rotor reactance at lower loading since the rotor reactance value gets decreased with increased loading on induction motor
Usually at no load, the Cosine of the phase angle between the stator current(I1) and the stator applied voltage(V1) is the power factor of an induction motor.
In conclusion, the reason for low power factor in no load test in induction motor is high rotor reactance at lower loading since the rotor reactance value gets decreased with increased loading on induction motor
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Immediately after the switch is closed, what is the voltage across the capacitor?.
Answers
The capacitor's charge and voltage are both still zero immediately after the switch is closed because it has not had time to charge up.
The relationship is denoted by the equation q=CV, where q is the stored charge, C is the capacitance, and V is the applied voltage. One might wonder, after looking at this formula, what would happen if the capacitance was changed while the charge remained constant. Of course, the voltage will change in response to this. A capacitor's capacitance (C) and the voltage (V) that is applied to it are multiplied together to form the charge (Q) that is stored there. A capacitor's capacitance should always be a constant, predetermined value. So, we can change the voltage to change the cap's charge. Less voltage equals less charge, and more voltage equals more charge. One of the plates of a charged capacitor is positively charged, and the other plate has an equal amount of negative charge.
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Peter B. is admitted to a local hospital emergency room (ER) suffering from an anxiety attack. He tells the ER physician that he is anxious about a job promotion for which he is being considered. Peter’s secretary is worried about him and asks her father, Dr. K., who is on the medical staff at the hospital, to go to the ER and see how Peter is doing. Dr. K., who is often in the ER, knows all the staff and they willingly give him Peter’s chart when he asks for it. Dr. K. calls his daughter to tell her that Peter is being treated for anxiety with an anti-depressant drug and will probably be discharged. She relays this encouraging message to Peter’s boss. Peter does not receive the promotion.
a. Will it be an easy matter for Peter to prove that the ER staff caused Peter to lose his promotion? Explain your answer.
b. What precautions can be taken to avoid giving confidential information to medical personnel who have no need to see it?
c. In your opinion, should a diagnosis of anxiety be a concern for an employer? Why or why not?
Answers
a.No it will be not an easy matter for Peter to prove that the Er staff caused peter to lose his promotion
Here's why?
1)The boss may think he might not able to stretch himself in emergency situations
2)He can think he can't handle normal pressure
b.What precautions can be taken to avoid giving confidential information to medical personnel who have no need to see it?
1)Peter should not let the medical personnel about his personal life
2)He might have not said extra information about his job promotion
3)Will it be easy matter for Peter to prove that the ER staff caused Peter to lose his promotion? Explain your answer
No, it will not be easy, Peter has to prove in one or in another situation that he can face the difficulties and be able to handle anxiety attacks in the future.
Hence above answers are suitable for the given situation
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An article that discusses pharaohs and gives examples and explains how they look. Which text structure is that?
Answers
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The text structure of an article that discusses pharaohs and gives examples and explains how they look is a description.
The text structure called description allows the reader to fully know the characteristics of the people it is referring to, including some important details. That is why the author of a description text adds words like "such as" and "for example."
When describing something, the write is giving structure to the text and sequence. What comes first., what is followed, and so on.
That is why The text structure of an article that discusses pharaohs and gives examples and explains how they look is a description. It includes cause and effect sentences, and some comparisons in order to contrast an idea.
when the correct satellite position is not being sent, what type of error is being encountered?
Answers
When the correct satellite position is not being sent, the error that is encountered is known as a positioning error. This type of error can occur in GPS (Global Positioning System) technology when the GPS receiver fails to receive accurate information from the satellites it is communicating with.
GPS technology relies on a network of satellites orbiting the earth that transmit signals to GPS receivers on the ground. These signals contain information about the satellite's position, time, and other data that is used to calculate the receiver's position on earth. However, if the GPS receiver is unable to receive accurate information from the satellites due to various factors such as signal blockage or interference, it may lead to a positioning error.
Inaccurate or outdated information about the satellite's position can also cause positioning errors. This can occur when the satellite's orbit changes or when the satellite is replaced by a newer one with different characteristics. In some cases, errors can also occur due to technical issues such as receiver malfunction or software glitches.
Overall, positioning errors can have a significant impact on the accuracy of GPS data and can cause issues in applications that rely on precise location information such as navigation, surveying, and mapping. To mitigate these errors, GPS technology continues to evolve and improve with advancements in satellite and receiver technology, as well as more advanced algorithms and software.
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The effective temperature of a body having an area on 0.12 m² is 527°C what is the total rate of energy emission?
Answers
The total rate of energy emission is 2786.9 W.
Total Rate of Energy EmissionRadiation is a type of heat transfer where the heat energy is conveyed from photons or electromagnetic waves. The rate of energy emission can be calculated multiplying the Stefan–Boltzmann law (σ\(*T^4\)) by area (A). Therefore, you have:
Total Rate of Energy Emission (E)= σ\(*A*T^4\), where:
σ = Stefan–Boltzmann constant = \(5.67*10^{-8}\) \(\frac{W}{m^2K^4}\)
A= area
T=temperature (K)
For solving this exercise, you should apply this formula. For your question:
σ = Stefan–Boltzmann constant = \(5.67*10^{-8}\) \(\frac{W}{m^2K^4}\)
A= 0.12 m²
T=527+273=800 K
Thus, the Total Rate of Energy Emission (E) will be:
E=σ\(*A*T^4\)
\(E=(5.67*10^{-8}\frac{W}{m^2K^4})*(0.12*m^{2} )*(800K)\\ \\ E=2786.9 W\)
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Q5: As discussed in class, we can also use the Wheatstone bridge to measure the voltage difference generated from the bonded strain-gauge. Please design the circuit (i.e. the resistance of the resistor) and derive the voltage difference formula m Backing
Answers
A bonded resistance strain gauge needs to be connected to an electrical circuit that can detect the minute changes in resistance caused by strain in order to measure strain. Typically, strain gauge transducers use a Wheatstone bridge circuit made up of four strain gauge elements.
A Wheatstone bridge is a specific form of divided bridge circuit used to measure static or dynamic electrical resistance. The output voltage of a Wheatstone bridge circuit is expressed in millivolts for every volt of input. The Wheatstone circuit also functions well with temperature compensation. The Wheatstone bridge equation states that if R1, R2, R3, and R4 are all equal and a voltage, VIN, is applied between points A and C, there will be no potential difference between points B and D. if R4 is changed to a value that is not equal to R1, R2, and R3, the bridge will become unbalanced and a voltage will exist at the output terminals. Resistance Rg is included in the variable strain sensor in the form of a "G-bridge,"
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Interpret the Blame responsibility and causation in your own words in the light of Columbia Accident.
Answers
Answer:
Proposed Improvements and Generic Lessons
Within 2 h of losing the signal from the returning spacecraft, NASA’s Administrator established the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) to uncover the conditions that had produced the disaster and to draw inferences that would help the US space program to emerge stronger than before (CAIB, 2003). Seven months later, the CAIB released a detailed report that included its recommendations (Starbuck and Farjoun, 2005).
The CAIB (2003) report attempted to seek answers to the following four crucial questions:
1.
Why did NASA continue to launch spacecraft despite many years of known foam debris problems?
2.
Why did NASA managers conclude, despite the concerns of their engineers, that the foam debris strike was not a threat to the safety of the mission?
3.
How could NASA have forgotten the lessons of Challenger?
4.
What should NASA do to minimize the likelihood of such accidents in the future?
Although the CAIB’s comprehensive report raised important questions and offered answers to some of them, it also left many major questions unanswered (Starbuck and Farjoun, 2005).
1.
Why did NASA consistently ignore the recommendations of several review committees that called for changes in safety organization and practices?
2.
Did managerial actions and reorganization efforts that took place after the Challenger disaster contribute, both directly and indirectly, to the Columbia disaster?
3.
Why did NASA’s leadership fail to secure more stable funding and to shield NASA’s operations from external pressures?
By examining, with respect to the Columbia disaster, the case of NASA as an organization, one can try to extract generalizations that could be useful for other organizations, especially those engaged in high-risk activities—such as nuclear power plants, oil and gas, hospitals, airlines, armies, and pharmaceutical companies—and such generic principles may also be salutary for any kind of organization.
The CAIB (2003) report recommended developing a plan to inspect the condition of all RCC systems, the investigation having found the existing inspection techniques to be inadequate. RCC panels are installed on parts of the shuttle, including the wing leading edges and nose cap, to protect against the excessive temperatures of reentry. They also recommended that taking images of each shuttle while in orbit should be standard procedure as well as upgrading the imaging system to provide three angles of view of the shuttle, from liftoff to at least SRB separation. “The existing camera sites suffer from a variety of readiness, obsolescence, and urban encroachment problems.” The board offered this suggestion because NASA had had no images of the Columbia shuttle clear enough to determine the extent of the damage to the wing. They also recommended conducting inspections of the TPS, including tiles and RCC panels, and developing action plans for repairing the system. The report included 29 recommendations, 15 of which the board specified must be completed before the shuttle returned to flight status, and also made 27 “observations” (CAIB, 2005).