in class you learned that when streamlines curve there is a pressure gradient: the pressure is always higher on the outside of the curve. why is that so

Critical load Fcr or buckling load is the value of load that causes the phenomenon of change from stable to unstable equilibrium state.

With that beign said, first it is neessary to calculate the moment of inercia about the x-axis:

\(Ix= \frac{db^3}{12}\\ Ix = \frac{2.(4)^3}{12} = 10.667in\)

Then it is necessary to calculate the moment of inercia about the y-axis:

\(Iy = \frac{db^3}{12}\\ Iy = \frac{4.(2)^3}{12} = 2.662in\)

Comparing both moments of inercia it is possible to assume that the minimun moment of inercia is the y-axis, so the minimun moment of inercia is 2662in.

And so, it is possible to calculate the critical load:

\(Pc\gamma = \frac{2046\pi ^2E.I}{L^2} \\Pc\gamma= \frac{2046.\pi ^2.(1,6.10^3.10^3).2662}{(10.12)^2} \\Pc\gamma= 5983,9db\)

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Answer:

Explanation:

write each force in terms of magnitude and directions  

Fx = F sin Ф

Fy = F cos Ф

where Ф is to be measured from x axis.

∑F at y = o

FAy + FBy + FCy + FDy + FEy + FGy = 0

∑F at x = o

FAx + FBx + FCx + FDx + FEx + FGx = 0

Let  

FA = FA sin (110)   +   FA cos (110)

FB = 20 sin (270)  +  20 cos (270)

FC = 16 sin (140)    +  16 cos (140)

FD = 9 sin (40)       +  9 cos (40)

FE = 20 sin (270)    +  20 cos (270)

FG = FG sin (50)     +  FG cos (50)

add x and y forces:

FAx + FBx + FCx + FDx + FEx + FGx = 0

FAy + FBy + FCy + FDy + FEy + FGy = 0

FA sin (110)  + 0  + 16 sin (140)  + 9 sin (40)  + 0   + FG sin (50) = 0

FA cos (110) - 20 + 16 cos (140) + 9 cos (40) - 20 + FG cos (50 = 0

FA sin (110)  + 0  + 10.285  + 5.785  + 0   + FG sin (50) = 0

FA cos (110) - 20 - 12.257 + 6.894 - 20 + FG cos (50) = 0

FA sin (110)  + 16.070 + FG sin (50) = 0        

FA cos (110) - 45.363 + FG cos (50) = 0

solving for FA, and FG

FA = 13 kN

FG = 15.3 kN

From the given information, we can say that the sum of the upward forces is equivalent to the sum of the downward forces.

From the diagram, equating the component of the upward forces and the downward forces, we have:

\(\mathbf{-F_a sin 70 +F_c sin 40+F_d sin 40 + F_g sin50= F_b+F_e}\) --- (1)

Also, the sum of the horizontal positive x-axis as well as the horizontal negative x-axis can be computed as:

\(\mathbf{F_g cos 50 +F_d cos 40 = F_c cos 40 +F_a cos 70 --- (2)}\)

If:

\(F_B = F_E = 20 \ kN \\ \\ F_c = 16 \ kN \\ \\ F_D= 9\ kN\)

Then, from equation (1), we can have the following:

\(\mathbf{F_a sin 70 + 16 sin 40 + 9 sin40 + F_gsin 50 = (20 + 20 )kN}\)

collecting like terms;

\(\mathbf{F_a sin 70 + F_gsin 50 = 40 - 16 sin 40 - 9 sin40 }\)

\(\mathbf{F_a sin 70 + F_gsin 50 =23.93}\) --- (3)

From equation (2);

\(\mathbf{F_g cos 50 + 9cos 40 = 16 cos 40 + F_a cos 70}\)

collecting like terms:

\(\mathbf{F_g cos 50 -F_a cos 70 =16cos 40 -9cos 40}\)

\(\mathbf{-F_a cos 70 +F_g cos 50 =5.36 ----- (let \ this \ be \ equation (4))}\)

Suppose we equate (3) and (4) together using the elimination method;

\(\mathbf{F_a sin 70 + F_gsin 50 =23.93}\) --- (3)

\(\mathbf{-F_a cos 70 +F_g cos 50 =5.36 --- (4)}\)

Let's multiply (3) with ( cos 70 ) and (4) with (sin 70);

Then, we have:

\(\mathbf{F_a sin 70 cos 70 + F_gsin 50 cos 70 =23.93 cos 70}\)

\(\mathbf{-F_a cos 70 sin 70 +F_g cos 50 sin 70 =5.36 sin 70}\)

Adding both previous equations together, we have:

\(\mathbf{F_a sin 70 cos 70 + F_gsin 50 cos 70 =23.93 cos 70}\)

\(\mathbf{-F_a cos 70 sin 70 +F_g cos 50 sin 70 =5.36 sin 70}\)

\(\mathbf{(0 + F_g(sin 50 cos 70 + sin70 cos50) = 23.93 cos 70 + 5.36 sin 70)}\)

\(\mathbf{( F_g(0.262 + 0.604)) =(8.19 + 5.04)}\)

\(\mathbf{( F_g(0.866)) =(13.23)}\)

\(\mathbf{ F_g =\dfrac{(13.23)}{(0.866)}}\)

\(\mathbf{ F_g =15.28 \ N}\)

Replacing the value of \(\mathbf{F_g}\) into equation (3), to solve for \(\mathbf{F_a}\), we have:

\(\mathbf{F_a sin 70 + F_gsin 50 =23.93}\)

\(\mathbf{F_a sin 70 + 15.28sin 50 =23.93} \\ \\ \mathbf{F_a sin 70 +11.71 =23.93} \\ \\ \mathbf{F_a sin 70 =23.93-11.71 } \\ \\ \mathbf{F_a sin 70 =12.22 } \\ \\ \mathbf{F_a =\dfrac{12.22 }{sin 70}} \\ \\\)

\(\mathbf{F_a =13.01 \ N}\)

Therefore, we can conclude that the magnitudes of \(\mathbf{F_a}\) and \(\mathbf{F_g}\) are 13.0 N and 15.28 N respectively.

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The outcome of the project may change over time is not a characteristic that all projects share is not a characteristic that all projects share. Option C is correct.

The three common characteristics that all projects share are uniqueness, one-time occurrence, and finite duration. Uniqueness refers to the fact that each project is different from others and has its own set of requirements and objectives.

A project is also a one-time occurrence, meaning that it has a defined start and end date. Lastly, projects have a finite duration, which means that they have a specific timeline in which they need to be completed. While the outcome of the project may change over time due to various factors, it is not a defining characteristic of all projects.

Therefore, option C is correct.

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Orifice-type metering devices and capillary tubes are two common types of flow meters used in industrial applications.

Orifice-type metering devices are widely used in flow measurement applications, while capillary tubes are not so common. Some of the advantages of orifice-type metering devices over capillary tubes are:

In conclusion, orifice-type metering devices have several advantages over capillary tubes, including simplicity, versatility, low cost, and low pressure drop. As such, they are widely used in flow measurement applications across a wide range of industries.

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Answer:

Explanation:

In satellite communications, downlink is the establishment of a communications link from an orbiting satellite down to one or more ground stations on Earth. Contrast with uplink.

Answer:

it is okay depending on how u drive

1) Initialize a 2D vector of integers: { { 1,1,3,1,5 },{ 1,1,3,1,5 },{ 1,1,3,1,5 },{ 1,1,3,1,5 },{ 1,1,3,1,5 } } Name this 2D Vector Data1.

An integer is a whole number, meaning it is not a fraction, and can be positive, negative, or zero. Integers are commonly used in mathematics and computer programming. They are used to represent whole numbers such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on.

2) Initialize a 2D vector of integers: vector<vector<int>> Data2 = { { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 },{ -2,-1,2,1},{ },{ 2,2,2 } };

3) The vector returned will only contain the value -1: vector<pair<int,int>> result = SearchEven(Data1);

4) Name this function: Display Locations:
void Display_Locations(vector<pair<int,int>> result) {

if (result.size() == 0) {

   cout << "Data1 did not contain any even numbers." << endl;

} else {

   cout << "Data1 contained at least 1 even number:" << endl;

   for (auto p : result) {

       cout << "Row: " << p.first << ", Column: " << p.second << endl;

   }

}

}

5) Pass Data2 as an argument to the SearchEven function: vector<pair<int,int>> result = SearchEven(Data2);

6) If Data2 did not contain any even numbers: Display_Locations(result);

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Answer:

Civil Engineer

Explanation:

Structural engineers and Civil engineers are the ones who design, build, and maintain the foundation for our modern society.

Like our roads and bridges, drinking water and energy systems, sea ports and airports, and the infrastructure for a cleaner environment and many more.

To determine whether the vector field F(x, y, z) = e^(yz) i + xze^(yz) j + xye^(yz) k is conservative, we can check if its curl is zero.

The curl of F is given by the determinant of the curl operator applied to F:

curl(F) = (d/dy)(xye^(yz)) - (d/dz)(xze^(yz)) i

- (d/dx)(e^(yz)) + (d/dz)(xye^(yz)) j

+ (d/dx)(xze^(yz)) - (d/dy)(e^(yz)) k

Simplifying the above expression, we get:

curl(F) = (xe^(yz) + xyze^(yz)) i

+ (-e^(yz) - xyze^(yz)) j

+ (xze^(yz) - xe^(yz)) k

The curl of F is not zero, indicating that the vector field F is not conservative.

Therefore, there does not exist a function f such that the gradient of f is equal to F.

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Answer:

b.

Explanation:

Foresight rod reading is any measurement taken at a given sight to determine a particular elevation. The backsight rod readings are usually used to a point of certain elevation. It is added to the elevation to determine the height of the instrument. These are phenomena are used in differential leveling and are applied to corrections for curvature and refraction.

The total work done by the wind turbine's blades after 10 revolutions in a wind of speed v_1 = 8.80 m/s is U_1 = 5.344e4 J.

A turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving fluid (such as water or steam) into mechanical energy. A turbine is made up of a rotor, or a series of blades, and a stator, or a stationary part. The fluid enters the rotor, which is set in motion by its pressure and kinetic energy, and is directed towards the stator. The stator is designed to capture the energy from the fluid and convert it into mechanical energy, which can then be used to drive a generator, a compressor, or other machinery. Turbines are widely used in industry for power generation and for other applications such as water pumps.

U_1 = F * r_1 * 10 revolutions
U_1 = (40.0 kg/s)v_1 * 13.8 mm * 10 revolutions
U_1 = 5.344e4 J

The total work done by the wind turbine's blades after 10 revolutions in a wind of speed v_1 = 8.80 m/s is U_1 = 5.344e4 J. This calculation is based on the magnitude of the force produced by each blade (F=(40.0 kg/s)v) and the center of mass of each blade (r_1 = 13.8 mm). The force F is multiplied by the distance r_1 and then multiplied by the number of revolutions (10) to calculate the total work done by the blades.

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To calculate the gains of the compensator, Kp and Ki, in order to achieve a closed-loop response with approximately 16% overshoot (Mp) and a settling time of approximately 1 second (2%), we need to design a controller that meets these specifications.

1. Overshoot (Mp):

The overshoot of a closed-loop system is influenced by the damping ratio (ζ). The relation between overshoot and damping ratio is given by the equation: Mp = e^((-ζπ) / sqrt(1 - ζ^2)).

For a desired overshoot of 16% (0.16), we can solve the equation to find the damping ratio (ζ): ζ = sqrt((ln(Mp))^2 / (π^2 + (ln(Mp))^2)).

2. Settling Time (Ts):

The settling time is determined by the dominant closed-loop pole, which is related to the natural frequency (ωn) and damping ratio (ζ). The settling time is approximately 4 / (ζ * ωn).

For a settling time of 1 second (2%), we can solve the equation to find the natural frequency (ωn): ωn = 4 / (Ts * ζ).

Once we have obtained the values of ζ and ωn, we can design the compensator gains Kp and Ki based on the desired specifications.

It's important to note that the specific details of the closed-loop system or transfer function were not provided in the question, so further information would be needed to perform the calculations and determine the appropriate values of Kp and Ki.

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When inspection tests are destructive and/or pointless to use, sampling is likely to be used in an organization. Sampling is a statistical technique used to select a subset of a population to make conclusions about the entire population.

It is a non-destructive and cost-effective way to inspect a batch of products or materials. In contrast, destructive testing methods involve physically damaging the product or material to obtain information about its quality or performance, which can be expensive and time-consuming. Moreover, sampling can also provide a more accurate representation of the batch's overall quality, as opposed to inspecting every single item. This can save time and resources while still ensuring that the batch meets the required standards. Additionally, in situations where inspection tests are not necessary, such as when a product has a long history of consistent quality, using sampling can still provide enough information to ensure quality control. In conclusion, when destructive and/or pointless inspection tests are not appropriate, sampling can be an effective alternative for organizations to maintain quality control while minimizing costs and resources.

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Answer is illustrated through images attached.

Here compression ratio is 15.

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Answer:

buter uwu heheheheh joke

At 0.7V forward bias, I ≈ 3.3 mA. Holes carry most of the current due to higher doping in the n-side.

(a) The contact potential Vo can be determined using the formula Vo = (kT/q) * ln(Na * Nd / ni^2), where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, q is the elementary charge, and ni is the intrinsic carrier concentration.

Assuming room temperature (T = 300K), Vo ≈ 0.86V.

(b) The space-charge width W can be calculated using W = sqrt((2 * ε * Vo) / q * (Na + Nd) / (Na * Nd)), where ε is the permittivity of silicon. W ≈ 6.67 x 10^-6 cm.

(c) For forward bias, use the diode equation: I = A * q * (Dp / Lp) * ni^2 / Na * (exp(qV / kT) - 1), where Dp and Lp are hole diffusivity and diffusion length.

At 0.7V forward bias, I ≈ 3.3 mA. Holes carry most of the current due to higher doping in the n-side.

To double the electron current, you can increase the doping concentration of the p-side (Na).

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Answer:

Dam they be thinking we racist

Explanation:

Answer:

XDDDD

Explanation:

XD I LOVE THIS MEME IM SAVING THIS TO MY GALLERY XD

The magnitude and direction of the resultant of the given forces using Cartesian vector notation method are R = 942.6N at 246.9°.

To solve this problem using Cartesian vector notation method, we need to find the x- and y-components of each force, add up the components separately, and then find the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector.

First, let's find the x- and y-components of each force:

F1 = 800N at 45°

Fx1 = F1 * cos(45°) = 800N * cos(45°) = 565.7N

Fy1 = F1 * sin(45°) = 800N * sin(45°) = 565.7N

F2 = 600N at 30°

Fx2 = F2 * cos(30°) = 600N * cos(30°) = 519.6N

Fy2 = F2 * sin(30°) = 600N * sin(30°) = 300N

F3 = 700N at 180° (horizontal direction)

Fx3 = F3 = -700N

Fy3 = 0N

Next, let's add up the x- and y-components of the three forces:

Rx = Fx1 + Fx2 + Fx3 = 565.7N + 519.6N - 700N = 385.3N

Ry = Fy1 + Fy2 + Fy3 = 565.7N + 300N + 0N = 865.7N

The magnitude of the resultant vector R is:

|R| = sqrt(Rx^2 + Ry^2) = sqrt(385.3N^2 + 865.7N^2) = 942.6N

The direction of the resultant vector R is:

theta = arctan(Ry/Rx) = arctan(865.7N/385.3N) = 66.9°

However, we need to adjust the angle by adding 180° because the vector points into the third quadrant:

theta = 66.9° + 180° = 246.9°

Therefore, the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the given forces using Cartesian vector notation method are R = 942.6N at 246.9°.

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If a traffic signal has a fourth or fifth light, it is most likely a pedestrian signal designed to regulate pedestrian movements at intersections or crosswalks.

Traffic signals typically consist of three lights: red, yellow/amber, and green, which control vehicular traffic. However, in some areas, especially near pedestrian crossings or busy intersections, additional lights may be added to specifically regulate pedestrian movement.

A common configuration for a pedestrian signal is the inclusion of a white pedestrian symbol on a black background, typically placed below the main three lights. This fourth light, often labeled as "WALK" or "PED," illuminates to indicate that pedestrians can safely cross the road.

In some cases, a fifth light may be present, positioned horizontally across the signal. This light, commonly labeled as "DON'T WALK" or "WAIT," is intended to inform pedestrians to stop and wait before crossing.

The presence of both the fourth and fifth lights ensures proper coordination between vehicular and pedestrian traffic, enhancing overall safety.

To summarize, if a traffic signal has a fourth or fifth light, it is most likely a pedestrian signal designed to regulate pedestrian movements at intersections or crosswalks.

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Answer:

Mass flow rate = 15.96kg/s

Explanation:

From

P1V1=mRT1

V1=RT1/P1

V1=0.0492m³/kg

M=A(U)/V1

Where u is the velocity

A=πd²/4

M=π(0.2²)/4×25/0.0492

M=15.96kg/s

the (24, 12) double-error-correcting linear block code provides an approximate improvement of 2 times in the probability of message error compared to an uncoded transmission.

To calculate the improvement in probability of message error relative to an uncoded transmission for a (24, 12) double-error-correcting linear block code, we need to consider the coding gain.

The coding gain can be calculated using the formula:

Coding Gain (dB) = 10 log10 (1 + (Eb/No)_coded / (Eb/No)_uncoded)

Given that the received Eb/No (Eb/No)_coded = 10 dB and we assume coherent BPSK modulation, we can substitute these values into the formula:

Coding Gain (dB) = 10 log10 (1 + 10 / 10^1) = 10 log10 (1 + 1) = 10 log10 (2) ≈ 3.0103 dB

The improvement in probability of message error relative to an uncoded transmission can be determined by converting the coding gain to a probability ratio:

Improvement in probability of message error = 10^(Coding Gain / 10)

Improvement in probability of message error = 10^(3.0103 / 10) ≈ 2.00

Therefore, the (24, 12) double-error-correcting linear block code provides an approximate improvement of 2 times in the probability of message error compared to an uncoded transmission.

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Answer:

7.15

Explanation:

Firstly, the COP of such heat pump must be measured that is,

              \(COP_{HP}=\frac{T_H}{T_H-T_L}\)

Therefore, the temperature relationship, \(T_H=1.15\;T_L\)

Then, we should apply the values in the COP.

                           \(=\frac{1.15\;T_L}{1.15-1}\)

                           \(=7.67\)

The number of heat rejected by the heat pump must then be calculated.

                   \(Q_H=COP_{HP}\times W_{nst}\)

                          \(=7.67\times5=38.35\)

We must then calculate the refrigerant mass flow rate.

                   \(m=0.264\;kg/s\)

                   \(q_H=\frac{Q_H}{m}\)

                         \(=\frac{38.35}{0.264}=145.27\)

The \(h_g\) value is 145.27 and therefore the hot reservoir temperature is 64° C.

The pressure at 64 ° C is thus 1849.36 kPa by interpolation.

And, the lowest reservoir temperature must be calculated.

                   \(T_L=\frac{T_H}{1.15}\)

                        \(=\frac{64+273}{1.15}=293.04\)

                        \(=19.89\°C\)

the lowest reservoir temperature = 258.703  kpa                    

So, the pressure ratio should be = 7.15

The average number of errors in every transmitted codeword is 1 bit. the number of packets received in error from is 20,000 transmitted packets.

(a) To find the average number of errors in every transmitted codeword, we use the given Pbe (bit error probability) and n (block length):

Average number of errors = Pbe * n
Average number of errors = 0.05 * 20
Average number of errors = 1

So, the average number of errors in every transmitted codeword is 1 bit.

(b) To find the number of packets received in error from 20,000 transmitted packets, we need to calculate the probability of receiving more than 3 errors, as the block code can correct a maximum of 3 bits in every received dataword.

First, calculate the probability of receiving 4 or more errors:

P(4 or more errors) = 1 - [P(0 errors) + P(1 error) + P(2 errors) + P(3 errors)]

Using the binomial probability formula, we can calculate the probabilities for each case:

P(x errors) = C(n, x) * (Pbe)^x * (1-Pbe)^(n-x)

where C(n, x) represents the number of combinations of n items taken x at a time.

After calculating the probabilities for 0, 1, 2, and 3 errors, and finding the probability for 4 or more errors, multiply the result by the total number of transmitted packets:

Number of packets received in error = P(4 or more errors) * Total transmitted packets

This will give you the number of packets received in error from 20,000 transmitted packets.

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Answer:

Reynolds number = 654350.92

Explanation:

Given data:

Cross section of  rectangular cross section = 1.8ft * 8 in  ( 8 in = 2/3 ft )

Flow rate of air = 5400 cfm = 90 ft^3 / sec

v ( kinematic viscosity of air ) = 1.8*10^-4 ft^2/s

Reynolds number

Re = VDn / v

Dn ( hydraulic diameter ) = 4A / P

where A = area, P = perimeter

a = 1.8 ft  ( length )

b = 2/3 ft ( width )

hence Dn = \(\frac{4(ab)}{2(a+b)}\)  = \(\frac{4(1.8*0.6667}{2(1.8+0.6667)}\)  =   0.9729 ft

V ( velocity of air flow ) = \(\frac{Q}{\pi /4 * Dn^2 }\)  = \(\frac{90}{\pi /4 * 0.9729^2 }\) = 121.064 ft/sec

back to Reynolds equation

Re = VDn / v  -------------- equation 1

V = 121.064 ft/sec

Dn = 0.9729 ft

v = 1.8*10^-4 ft^2/s

insert the given values into equation 1

Re = (121.064 * 0.9729 ) / 1.8*10^-4

     = 654350.92

Both Technician A and Technician B are correct. Technician A says that the cam gear rotates two times faster than the crank gear. Technician B says the cam gear rotates at half the engine speed.

Any of the aforementioned gear types can transfer rotational motion from one shaft to another. By doing this, they will alter the transmitted torque as well as the rotational direction and speed. The number of teeth on the input and output gears, not the number of gears and teeth in the center, defines the rotational number when several gears mesh into a single-stage gear. Higher (shorter) gear ratios offer faster acceleration whereas lower (taller) gear ratios offer higher top speeds. In addition to the gears in the transmission, the rear differential also has a gear.

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Answer:

Top Final year projects for civil engineering students

• Geographic Information System using Q-GIS. ...

• Structural and Foundation Analysis. ...

• Construction Project Management & Building Information Modeling. ...

• Tall Building Design. ...

• Seismic Design using SAP2000 & ETABS.

Explanation:

Hope it's help

Answer:

inputed = input("Choose some numbers, each separated with a space: ")

chosen = list(inputed)

chosen = chosen.remove(' ')

for value in chosen:

if '-' not in value:

print(Body)

else:

print(Done)

break

Explanation:

The for loop will go through every value in the list (your numbers) and check if it is positive or negative.

Answer:

The relationship between power, energy, and time can be described by the following equation : P = Δ E s y s Δ t. P is the average power output, measured in watts (W) ΔEsys is the net change in energy of the system in joules (J) - also known as work. Δt is the duration - how long the energy use takes - measured in seconds (s).

Explanation: