in the hershey chase experiments, the isotope 35s was used to label and the isotope 32p was used to label
Answers
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, the isotope 35S was used to label protein, and the isotope 32P was used to label DNA.The Hershey-Chase experiment was a series of experiments carried out in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.
These experiments were carried out to determine the nature of the genetic material. In this experiment, the researchers used bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to investigate whether DNA or protein is the genetic material.Hershey and Chase used radioactive isotopes to label either the protein coat of the virus or the DNA inside it. The bacteriophages were then allowed to infect bacteria, and the researchers observed what happened. They found that when the virus's DNA was labeled with the radioactive isotope 32P, the radioactivity entered the bacteria. On the other hand, when the protein coat was labeled with the radioactive isotope 35S, no radioactivity was detected in the bacteria. This led to the conclusion that DNA is the genetic material that controls the characteristics of an organism.
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Related Questions
the wet bulb temperature is 10 C the Dry bulb temperature is 14 C what is the relative humidity?
Answers
The relative humidity is approximately 22.9% based on the given wet bulb temperature of 10°C and dry bulb temperature of 14°C.
Relative humidityWet bulb temperature: 10°C = 50°F
Dry bulb temperature: 14°C = 57.2°F
SVP at wet bulb temperature: 0.284 * \(e^(17.27 * 10 / (10 + 237.3))\)= 0.284 * \(e^(-7.09)\) = 0.284 * 0.000828 = 0.0002356 psi
SVP at dry bulb temperature: 0.284 *\(e^(17.27 * 14 / (14 + 237.3))\) = 0.284 * e^(-5.97) = 0.284 * 0.002562 = 0.0007296 psi
AVP = 0.0002356 - (0.00066 * (57.2 - 50) * 14.7) = 0.0002356 - (0.00066 * 7.2 * 14.7) = 0.0002356 - 0.0686 = 0.000167 psi
RH = (AVP / SVP at dry bulb temperature) * 100
RH = (0.000167 / 0.0007296) * 100 = 0.229 * 100 = 22.9%
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how weather affects the population of mosquitoes between June and September
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
the warmer air incubates viruses faster in mosquitoes, which gives them more time to spread them. Combine that with the fact that warmer temperatures make them hungrier for meals of blood, and you've got a recipe for a potential outbreak.
The wing of a bird and the front limb of a mammal have a similar number and arrangement of bones. Which evolutionary relationship explains these similarities?.
Answers
Answer: Convergent evolution explains these similarities. Convergent evolution is the evolution of similar traits and forms in distantly related species due to similar selective pressures in their environments.
The wing of a bird and the front limb of a mammal have a similar number and arrangement of bones.
The evolutionary relationship that explains these similarities is convergent evolution. It is the evolution of similar traits and forms in distantly related species due to similar selective pressures in their environments.
Birds and mammals are two different classes of animals. However, both birds and mammals are vertebrates and have a common ancestor that lived around 300 million years ago.
The front limb of a mammal is structurally homologous to the wings of a bird.
Both structures have a similar number and arrangement of bones. But the wings of birds evolved to enable flight while the front limbs of mammals evolved to perform different functions,
such as running, swimming, digging, or manipulating objects.
Despite their differences in function, both structures share the same basic blueprint, which is the result of convergent evolution.
The front limb of a mammal is structurally homologous to the wings of a bird, both structures have a similar number and arrangement of bones.
However, the wings of birds evolved to enable flight while the front limbs of mammals evolved to perform different functions, such as running, swimming, digging, or manipulating objects.
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hello, please help with this biology question!
Answers
Answer:
the answer would be B. Digestive system, Muscular system, endocrine system, nervous system
A biologist examines a single-celled organism isolated from a hot spring. the organism is a photosynthetic halophile that uses the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. in which kingdom should the biologist classify the organism?
Answers
A biologist studying a single-celled organism isolated from a hot spring would likely classify the organism in the kingdom Protista.
This is because the organism is a photosynthetic halophile, which means that it uses light energy to produce food and thrives in high salt environments. The use of the pigment bacteriorhodopsin also suggests that the organism is a photosynthetic organism, further supporting the classification in the Protista kingdom.
Protists are a diverse group of organisms that can be both unicellular and multicellular, and can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. The Protista kingdom encompasses a wide range of organisms, including algae, protozoa, and slime molds. The diversity within the kingdom is a reflection of the diversity of life on Earth and the many different ways in which organisms can adapt to survive in different environments.
The organism being examined by the biologist is likely a member of the phylum Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae. Cyanobacteria are a type of photosynthetic bacteria that are known to thrive in extreme environments such as hot springs and salt flats. They are also known to use bacteriorhodopsin as a pigment, which helps to absorb light energy for photosynthesis. This pigments also help to survive in high salt environments.
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Electron microscopes have a greater resolution compared to compound microscopes because they have ___________ wavelengths.
Answers
Electron microscopes have a resolution of approximately 100 times that of light microscopes. Thus, the electron microscope can be used to visualize minute structures that are not visible using a light microscope.
Electron microscopes have a greater resolution compared to compound microscopes because they have shorter wavelengths. It is possible to limit the sample thickness with the help of electron microscopy. The magnification and resolution of an electron microscope are superior to those of a light microscope. While compound microscopes use visible light, electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to illuminate a sample. The wavelength of an electron is significantly shorter than that of visible light, allowing for a far more comprehensive and more detailed image of the specimen being studied. Electron microscopes have a resolution of approximately 100 times that of light microscopes. Thus, the electron microscope can be used to visualize minute structures that are not visible using a light microscope.
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Challenges of moving from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment You have the pleasure of observing wood frog tadpoles in a pond on campus. You see them make the transition from gilled larvae into adults with lungs. In order to make this amazing transformation from an entirely aquatic life to one that includes time on land, your tadpoles will face a series of obstacles, not unlike those that the first vertebrate inhabitants of land faced. Complete the following sentences to correctly examine those changes.
circulatory system Because of their large________ , ancestral amphibians likely faced challenges supporting themselves out of the aquatic environment.
cartilaginous bones feeding Although there was far_________ oxygen available to gills in air than in water, the delicate structure of gills couldn't be supported in the terrestrial environment.
excretory system The costs of locomotion on land and greater oxygen demand from enlarged muscles led to modifications of the heart and_________
body size
more These early amphibians could not venture too far away from water because______ was restricted to moist environments.
less
egg deposition
Answers
Answer:
body size
more
circulatory system
egg deposition
Explanation:
Because of their large body size , ancestral amphibians likely faced challenges supporting themselves out of the aquatic environment.
Although there was far more oxygen available to gills in air than in water, the delicate structure of gills couldn't be supported in the terrestrial environment.
The costs of locomotion on land and greater oxygen demand from enlarged muscles led to modifications of the heart and circulatory system
These early amphibians could not venture too far away from water because egg deposition was restricted to moist environments.
bacteria as a group are incredibly metabolically diverse, but individual species are often highly specialized to reduce competition in their natural environment. this results in these species being unculturable becausechoose one:a. they cannot tolerate oxygen.b. components in laboratory media are toxic to them.c. their growth may depend on necessary growth factors provided by other organisms in their natural environment.d. trace elements in the water used in the laboratory prevent their growth.
Answers
This results in these species being unculturable because their growth may depend on necessary growth factors provided by other organisms in their natural environment.
Certain bacterial species have specific requirements for growth that are not easily replicated in laboratory conditions. These bacteria may rely on the presence of other organisms in their natural environment to provide essential growth factors or nutrients. These growth factors could include specific compounds, co-factors, or signaling molecules that are produced by other organisms in their ecological niche. Without the presence of these necessary factors, the bacteria may fail to grow or reproduce in laboratory media, making them difficult to culture.
This specialization and dependence on other organisms create challenges in isolating and cultivating these bacteria in a laboratory setting. Researchers often need to replicate the complex interactions and conditions found in the natural environment of these unculturable bacteria to successfully culture them. This can involve using specialized growth media, co-culturing techniques, or even mimicking specific ecological niches to provide the necessary growth factors and conditions for their cultivation.
It's important to note that while options a, b, and d may be factors that affect the growth of certain bacterial species, the most accurate answer in this context is option c, as it specifically addresses the dependence of unculturable bacteria on necessary growth factors provided by other organisms in their natural environment.
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I need help sjshsjshsbsbejebdbdbdbddbdbdj
Answers
Answer:
IM pretty sure its B
Explanation:
but iddkkkkkk
Answer:
#2
Explanation:
A prairie is a grassland that can get to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, I'm not sure how cold it gets but that looks like the right answer
A patient has damage to alpha motor neurons. Which of the following would you expect?Decreased contraction of smooth muscle fibersDecreased contraction of extrafusal muscle fibersIncreased heart rateIncreased muscle tone
Answers
A patient has damage to alpha motor neurons, we would expect a decreased contraction of extrafusal muscle fibers. Option B
Alpha motor neurons are responsible for innervating the extrafusal muscle fibers, which are the main contractile fibers of skeletal muscles. These fibers generate force and are involved in voluntary movements.
When an alpha motor neuron is damaged or compromised, the motor signals from the central nervous system cannot reach the muscle fibers effectively.
As a result, there is a decreased recruitment of extrafusal muscle fibers, leading to weakened or diminished muscle contractions. This condition is known as muscle weakness or hypotonia.
It's important to note that alpha motor neurons are not involved in the control of smooth muscle fibers, which are found in organs such as the digestive system, blood vessels, and respiratory system.
Therefore, the contraction of smooth muscles would not be directly affected by damage to alpha motor neurons.
Similarly, damage to alpha motor neurons would not have a direct impact on heart rate. Heart rate regulation is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, rather than the somatic motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles.
Furthermore, while increased muscle tone, also known as hypertonia, can occur in certain neurological conditions, such as spasticity, damage to alpha motor neurons would not be a direct cause of increased muscle tone.
In summary, the expected outcome of damage to alpha motor neurons would be a decreased contraction of extrafusal muscle fibers, leading to muscle weakness or hypotonia.
Other factors such as smooth muscle contraction, heart rate, and muscle tone would not be directly affected by this specific type of motor neuron damage. So Option B is correct.
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Please help!!
Indicate which of the letters X, Y, and Z in the model represents DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, or hydrogen bonds
Answers
Answer:
Y hydrogen bonds
X DNA helicase
Z DNA polymerase
What is likely to be observed in liver cells of a person injected with epinephrine?
Answers
A conformational change in the cells is likely to be observed in liver cells of a person when injected with epinephrine.
When epinephrine binds to the liver cell's surface receptor, a conformational shift can take place. This change in receptor's shape enables G protein to bind and get activated. Adenylate cyclase binds to the molecule as a result of a conformational shift brought about by the activation G protein.
Both a neurotransmitter and a hormone, adrenaline is most generally referred to as epinephrine. It is created and released as a hormone by your adrenal glands, which are hat-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. It functions as a chemical messenger known as a central nervous system neurotransmitter to help send nerve signals across nerve ends to another nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell.
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Considering that nearly 85 percent of corn crops are genetically engineered, which impact does genetically engineered corn have on human health? Only positives can come from this type of technology, as seen in the DDT study. Human health will not be affected because scientists have studied this technology for over 50 years. The genetically engineered corn has been proven to cause cancer in some human populations. The long-term effects are unknown and have not been studied because it is a fairly new technology.
Answers
Genetically Engineered Crops or GM crops are the plants whose DNA has been altered using genetic methods to enhance nutritional value and make them resistant to the diseases.
The correct answer is:
Option D. The long-term effects are unknown and have not been studied because it is a fairly new technology.
The effects of genetically engineered crops are:
Genetically engineered crops have altered the genetic sequence in which plants with desired traits are grown and reproduced. GM crops are developed to enhance the nutritional value, introduce desired traits, and make them disease resistant. The yield of crops can be expanded and can be done rapidly to meet the requirements. The long-term effects of GM crops are still unknown as the technology is recently developed and extensive research and experiments are going on to test the effects and outcomes of genetically engineered plants and animals.
Thus, the correct answer is Option D.
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Answer:
D
Explanation:
Meditation is a practice of sitting still and quiet for minutes or even hours. It has been practiced for thousands of years and is even a part of religious practices for some people. Carefully controlled, repeated measurements of brain activity have shown that meditation does increase certain chemicals in the brain and even grows the part of the brain that helps people connect with their current surroundings and activities. Are claims about the effects of meditation most likely scientific or pseudoscientific? scientific, because people have been claiming for thousands of years that meditation helps them scientific, because observations of brain growth and chemicals are made carefully and repeatedly pseudoscientific, because practices that are related to religion are based on beliefs and are subjective pseudoscientific, because people have made claims about it but scientific observations have not been made Mark this and return
Answers
Answer: hey there before I answer plz mark brainiest plz it will help a lot the correct answer is...
A- scientific, because people have been claiming for thousands of years that meditation helps them
Explanation:
this is right because science is based on hard facts and this says that it has been practiced for thousands of years.
pseudoscientific is beliefs or opinions.
I HOPE THIS HELPED AGAIN PLZ MARK BRAINIEST!PLZZZ
Meditation is the focusing technique practiced to achieve peace and stability. The claim about meditation is pseudoscientific because of the lack of scientific observations. Thus, option d is correct.
What is pseudoscience?Pseudoscience is the false science that compares ideas and hypotheses that are logical but inconsistent with the experimental designs and can lead to misleading information.
They have a lack of supportive evidence and are rather based on subjective ideas instead of objective ideas and observations. They are just opinions that are yet to be proved scientifically.
Meditation has been practiced since ancient times and has many benefits for emotional, mental, and physical wellness yet is just considered as people's opinions as no scientific observations have been concluded.
Therefore, option d. the claim about meditation is pseudoscientific.
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which of the fayum primates may be linked to the platyrrhines as evidenced by the presence of three premolars? group of answer choices proconsulids parapithecids propliopithecids oligopithecids previousnext
Answers
The fayum primates may be linked to the platyrrhines as evidenced by the presence of three premolars because there are three premolars, parapithecids may be related to platyrrhines.
The required details about parapithecids is mentioned in below paragraph.
The higher primates are most evolved than the parapithecids. Its basic features are its dental formula, which is the same as that of New World Monkeys. We can infer from this that all higher primates share the same fundamental dental equation, and that it existed before the division between Old World and New World monkeys.
Primates belonging to the extinct Parapithecidae family lived in Egypt throughout the Eocene and Oligocene eras. Additionally, the family occasionally includes Eocene fossils from Myanmar. They possessed short faces and jaws that resembled tarsiers, yet they shared some dental characteristics with Condylarthra. They belong to the superfamily Parapithecoidea and are maybe equally connected to Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, and Hominoidea, while it is unclear where Parapithecoidea actually belongs. Its postcranial skeleton is comparable to that of extant species of pronograde leapers, indicating that its likely mode of movement was pronograde leaping, and it looks to have been arboreal, diurnal, and frugivorous.
Primates also appears to have lived in social groupings.
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When using the high power objective you should not adjust the:________
Answers
Answer:
When using the high power objective in a microscope, you should not adjust the coarse focus knob. The coarse focus knob is used to make large adjustments to the focus and is typically used when switching between objectives with different magnifications. When using the high power objective, small adjustments to the focus are made using the fine focus knob, which allows for precise control. Adjusting the coarse focus knob while using the high power objective can cause the specimen to be damaged or the objectives to become misaligned, resulting in poor image quality.
Explanation:
Function of pili in bacterium
Answers
Answer:
To help the bacterium adhere to surrounding surfaces in their environment
Explanation: They are hair-like structures ingrained within the bacterium that serve as an form of transportation/adhesion
Of the following, which is NOT considered to increase the risk of developing cancer for humans?Select one:a.ultraviolet lightb.toxic chemicalsc.regular exercised.smoking
Answers
Answer is C.
Explanation: Exercise is good for the body. It helps regu
What does a baseball player do in a game if he hits for the cycle?
Answers
When a baseball player hits for a cycle, he hits one of each type of possible hit within the same game. He may hit a single, double, triple, or home run.
When a player hits all four titles in the same game, they have to hit a single, a double, a triple, and also a home run in the same game. Order is not a matter, and they can complete this in any order.
There are many types of the cycle. These are the natural, reverse, and homerun cycles. One needs to accomplish in order to gain these titles. or they may need certain hits all in one game.
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which features are found only on thoracic vertebrae?
Answers
Answer:
The characteristic feature of thoracic vertebrae is the presence of joints that articulate with ribs. A mid-thoracic vertebra (shown here) has two joint facets on the vertebral body for the heads of adjacent ribs, and a third joint facet on the transverse process for the neck of a rib.
Explanation:
How does the phenotype affect the organism ability to reproduce?
Answers
Answer: The phenotype affect the organism ability to reproduce through the interaction of the genotype
Explanation:
Biology refers to a person's genetic predispositions. True False
Answers
Biology refers to a person's genetic predispositions. This statement is True. Biology is the study of living organisms and how they interact with one another, and this includes the study of genetics.
Which is the study of heredity. Heredity is the passing of genetic traits from one generation to the next, and these traits are passed down through DNA. This means that a person's genetic predispositions, or their likelihood of inheriting certain traits, are determined by their biology.
There are several genetic factors that can influence a person's predisposition to certain diseases or conditions, such as family history, inherited genetic mutations, and gene expression patterns. For example, certain genetic mutations can increase a person's risk of developing cancer, while other mutations can protect against it.
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cells of the innate immune system and cells of the adaptive immune system differ in that only the latter: a. mount an immediate response against pathogens. b. are produced by bone marrow stem cells. c. bind only one type of antigen. d. express antigen-presenting proteins on their cell surface.
Answers
Antigen-presenting proteins are exclusively expressed on the cell surfaces of adaptive immune system cells. While helping to protect the body from pathogens are cells of innate and adaptive immune systems.
What distinguishes innate immune system cells from adaptive immune system cells?In contrast to the innate immune response, the adaptive immune response takes time to manifest. Nevertheless, memory T cells help the adaptive immune response to have a long-lasting, highly selective effect.
Innate and adaptive immunity explained describe the many innate and adaptive immune cell types?The body's initial line of defence against pathogens entering the body is the innate immune system. It reacts to all pathogens and other objects in the same way.
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The male Japanese beetle breaks down the female pheromones what structure inside the cell if a male Beetle breaks down the pheromone?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Lysosomes
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Mitochondria
Answers
The structure inside the cell of a male Japanese beetle that breaks down the female pheromones is likely to be B. lysosomes.
Lysosomes are organelles found in animal cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down various molecules, including proteins and lipids, into smaller components that can be recycled by the cell. These enzymes are highly acidic and work best in acidic environments.
The breakdown of female pheromones by male Japanese beetles is likely a form of chemical communication that plays a role in the reproductive behavior of these insects. After the male beetle detects the female pheromones, it may use enzymes in its lysosomes to break down the pheromones into their constituent parts, which may then be detected by specialized receptors in the male's antennae or other sensory organs.
Therefore, The correct option is B. Lysosomes.
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An organism that reproduces using binary fission, a type of asexual reproduction, creates an identical copy of a cell when
Answers
Answer: An organism that reproduces using binary fission, a type of asexual reproduction, creates an identical copy of a cell when the cell's DNA replicates and the cell divides, giving each cell an identical copy of DNA
Answer:
C.
the cell's DNA replicates and the cell divides, giving each cell an identical copy of DNA.
Explanation:
Meristic traits are characterized by having phenotypes that are described by ________. Meristic traits are characterized by having phenotypes that are described by ________. irrational numbers prime numbers imaginary numbers whole numbers complex numbers
Answers
Answer:
whole numbers
Explanation:
Meristic traits are referred to as traits that are countable, hence the phenotypes are described by whole numbers instead of irrational, prime, complex or imaginary numbers. Meristics traits are usually associated with fishes, it is used to characterize different known species of fish or can also be employed in identifying unknown fish species. Meristic studies are mostly done on dead fishes than on living fishes
An example of a countable trait in fishes is the number of gill rakers. The identification of the number of gill rakers can be used in identifying the specie of fish.
the graph shows the motion of an object in both the x and y directions. Classify the motion of this object.
Answers
Answer:
where is the graph?
Explanation:
Complete the Biomolecule Chart below and fill in the missing sections. Use notes to complete.
ELEMENTS
MONOMER
POLYMER
FUNCTION
EXAMPLES
CARBOHYDRATES
CHO ( 12:1 )
DISACCHARIDE
POLYSACCHARIDE:
Glucose (Sugar),
Cellulose,
Starch, Glycogen
:: TRIGLYCERIDE
LIPIDS
GLCER YOL
3-FATTY
ACIDS
Source of
Long-term
Energy
::
PROTEINS
FATS, OILS, STERIODS, WAXES
:: SOURCE OF SHORT-TERM ENERGY
CHON
DNA & RNA
POLYPEPTIDE
Eggs, Meats,
Fish, Nuts
IMMUNITY, REGULATES HORMONES, ENZYMES
BUILDS & REPAIRS CELLS
NUCLEIC
ACIDS
NUCLEOTIDE
Genetic
Information
& make
proteins
DNA & RNA
:: AMINO ACIDS
CHO (More CH, Less O)
CHONP
MONSACCHARIDE
Answers
Answer:
Carbohydrates
What order is the typical sequence of events in the scientific method?
observation, hypothesis, experimentation, explanation
observation, experimentation, hypothesis, explanation
observation, hypothesis, explanation, experimentation
hypothesis, observation, experimentation, explanation
Answers
Answer:
hypothesis, experimentation, observation, explanation
Explanation:
The scientific method uses a series of steps to establish facts or create knowledge. The overall process is well established, but the specifics of each step may change depending on what is being examined and who is performing it. The scientific method can only answer questions that can be proven or disproven through testing.
Attraction between molecules of the same substance.
a. Cohesion
b. lonic
c. Polar
d. Adhesion
Answers
Attraction between molecules of the same substance is Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance is called as Cohesion. So, the correct option is (A).
What is Cohesion?Cohesion means sticking together. Cohesion is defined as particles that are similar and tend to stick together like water molecules. This refers to the intermolecular attraction between molecules of the same compound.
Cohesion is defined as the attraction of molecules to other molecules of the same type, and water molecules have strong cohesive forces thanks to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other. Modules with high cohesion are preferable, as high cohesion is associated with many desirable properties.
Thus, attraction between molecules of the same substance is called as Cohesion. So, the correct option is (A).
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