In the process of eukaryotic pre-mrna splicing, how is the lariat intermediate formed?.

Answers

Answer 1

The lariat intermediate is formed during eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing through the excision of an intron, which creates a looped structure held together by a unique 2'-5' phosphodiester bond.

Eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing involves the removal of non-coding introns and the joining of coding exons to form the mature mRNA. The lariat intermediate is a key structure formed during this process. The splicing machinery recognizes specific sequences at the boundaries of introns, known as the 5' splice site, 3' splice site, and branch point sequence. Initially, the spliceosome, a complex of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and associated proteins, assembles on the pre-mRNA. During the splicing reaction, the spliceosome catalyzes two transesterification reactions. First, the 2'-OH group within the branch point sequence nucleophilically attacks the 5' splice site, resulting in the formation of a unique 2'-5' phosphodiester bond. This bond connects the 5' end of the intron to the branch point, generating a lariat-shaped structure. This lariat intermediate is then released as the 3' end of the intron is cleaved at the 3' splice site.

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Related Questions

Which statement is FALSE about epigenetic modifications?
a. The tails of the nucleosome octamer components can be modified with methylation
b. The tails of the nucleosome octamer components can be modified with acetylation
c. Only non-DNA components of chromatin are modified with epigenetic markers
d. Epigenetic modifications control whether a region is euchromatin or heterochromatin

Answers

The false statement about epigenetic modifications is:
c. Only non-DNA components of chromatin are modified with epigenetic markers.

Epigenetic modifications refer to changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications can be inherited and can influence how genes are turned on or off in different cells or at different stages of development.

a. The tails of the nucleosome octamer components can be modified with methylation: This statement is true. Methylation of the tails of nucleosome octamer components, which are made up of histone proteins, can affect gene expression by either activating or repressing the associated genes.

b. The tails of the nucleosome octamer components can be modified with acetylation: This statement is also true. Acetylation of histone tails is another type of epigenetic modification that can influence gene expression. Acetylation generally leads to gene activation by relaxing the chromatin structure and allowing transcription factors to access the DNA.

d. Epigenetic modifications control whether a region is euchromatin or heterochromatin: This statement is true. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in determining whether a region of DNA is in a euchromatin state, which is more accessible for gene expression, or a heterochromatin state, which is more condensed and less accessible for gene expression.

In summary, the false statement is c. Only non-DNA components of chromatin are modified with epigenetic markers. Epigenetic modifications can occur on both DNA and non-DNA components of chromatin, such as histone proteins. These modifications can have significant impacts on gene expression and are essential for cellular development and function.

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Describe a way that culture molds or defines biology

Answers

Culture has a significant impact on biology, including the ways in which people interact with one another, their lifestyles, and the foods they eat. Culture, in general, is a term that encompasses all human behavior patterns and social norms, which include things like language, traditions, beliefs, and customs.

culture molds or defines biology:

One of the keyways that culture molds or defines biology is through dietary practices and patterns. For example, many cultures have specific dietary guidelines and restrictions that are followed to ensure good health. In India, for example, vegetarianism is very common due to religious beliefs. Another example is the Japanese culture that places a strong emphasis on consuming fresh and minimally processed foods like fish, vegetables, and rice. These dietary practices have a profound impact on biology, including physical growth and development, cognitive function, and overall health and well-being. Another way culture molds biology is through behavior and lifestyle choices. For instance, in many Western cultures, it is common to sit for extended periods, which can lead to issues such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. In contrast, in many African and Asian cultures, individuals tend to be more active and engage in more physical labor, which can contribute to better overall health and lower disease rates. Other examples of culture affecting biology include reproductive behavior, attitudes towards mental health, and the use of natural remedies and medicines.

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The study of environmental science:
Describe the key features of Inland Grey Box Grassy
Woodland.

Answers

The Inland Grey Box Grassy Woodland is characterized by the dominance of Eucalyptus microcarpa (Grey Box) trees, diverse grasses, and an open canopy structure. It supports high biodiversity, adapts to arid conditions, and provides valuable ecosystem services.

Here are the key features of this selected vegetation type:

1. Dominant tree species: The dominant tree species in the Inland Grey Box Grassy Woodland is Eucalyptus microcarpa, commonly known as the Grey Box. This species is a medium-sized to large tree that can reach heights of up to 20-30 meters. It has rough, fibrous bark that is greyish in color, hence the name "Grey Box."

2. Understory vegetation: The understory of this woodland typically consists of a diverse range of grasses, herbs, and shrubs. Some common grass species include Themeda triandra (Kangaroo Grass) and Poa labillardieri (Common Tussock Grass). These grasses are well-adapted to the local climate and soil conditions.

3. Canopy structure: The Inland Grey Box Grassy Woodland usually has an open canopy structure, with the Grey Box trees scattered throughout the landscape. This open structure allows for a moderate amount of sunlight to reach the ground, supporting the growth of diverse grasses and understory vegetation.

4. Biodiversity value: This vegetation community is known for its high biodiversity value. It provides habitat for a variety of wildlife, including birds, reptiles, mammals, and insects. The diverse plant species within this woodland support different ecological functions and provide food and shelter for various animals.

5. Adaptations to arid conditions: The Grey Box and other plant species in this woodland have adaptations that allow them to thrive in arid or semi-arid environments. For example, Grey Box trees have deep root systems that enable them to access water from lower soil layers. The grasses and herbs often have drought-resistant traits, such as deep roots or the ability to go dormant during dry periods.

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a b c d ?? pls help me

Answers

Answer:

cell membrance

Explanation:

because that is the defect mostly to be located

In this diagram of the water cycle, what process is represented by letter A?
oft
B)
evaporation
condensation
D)
precipitation

Answers

It is precipitation

Answer:

Precipitation

Explanation:

Precipitation is water vapor that falls from the clouds.

how are the land form pictured above being changed?

Answers

Answer:5

Explanation:

i don’t see a picture

Explain how an adaptation can enable an organism to survive a long-term environmental change. Describe and example to support your answer

Answers

Answer:

survival of the fittest

Some die, some survive. Those that survive to reproduce pass along their genes. Some survive by good luck. Others survive because they happen to have some quality that gives them a better chance to tolerate the environmental changes. Assuming those qualities are heritable, they’ll become more common in the genes of the surviving population. Eventually they’ll predominate. The population will have adapted to the changes.

With the exception of very primitive organisms, living animals have various senses including those familiar to us as sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Certain organisms have senses that we do not share. For instance, the class of snakes we call “pit vipers” have a specific organ that senses heat from prey animals, even in total darkness.

Bats use echolocation, bouncing high-pitched sound waves off of obstacles and prey alike. So do dolphins.

Many insects have the ability to smell only a few molecules of pheromones from potential mate

I took the question differently than everyone else, but it sounded to me like the OP was asking for examples of HOW organisms adapt, not two organisms that adapted.

Adaptation often begins with environmental monitoring systems. Lets say antibiotics are taken by a patient and a small amount gets in the area of a pathogen who is testing its environment. The pathogen detects the threat and begins to construct a genomic edit that can counter it. Unfortunately for us, cells are still more skilled with biochemistry than humans.

If you mean like to adapt in an instant, we humans release adrenaline to overcome stress and it actually makes us more prone to overcome stress. Another example its σ32 is the heat shock sigma factor in Escherichia coli, which it helps the bacteria to survive in a “heat shock”.

When we look at evolution, we often look at bacteria or animals that aren't really related to us, like the dinosaurs and how they evolved into avian animals.

There are two examples in human history that are great for this question.

Humans

Yup. People have made adaptations to the environment. Well, at least the environment that we create for ourselves.

Milk contains lactose, which requires a special enzyme to break down. After a few months of age, babies lose this enzyme and become lactose intolerant. So why can we drink milk now?

That's because in our past, farmers began to drink milk from other an

(1) Antibiotic resistance

(2) Mitochondria losing unnecessary genes for symbiosis w/ eukaryotes

this is a miracle of evolution as we have read in our childhood about camels and about xerophytes(cactus) they got adapted to their environment but according to Darwin there is survival of the fittest which means there may be various types of a single species now under a harsh environment it may be that not all types of a single specie lives so they perish

A plant can have either broad leaves (B) or narrow leaves (b). A plant with genotype Bb is crossed with a plant with genotype Bb. Which punnet and square correctly represents this cross?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

B b

B "BB"- "Bb"

b "Bb"- "bb"

100 POINTS PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Liar Its only 50 points

Explanation:

Answer:

I agree!! :))

Explanation:

Imagine you are an astronomer who recently discovered a new planet orbiting a distant star.

Which set of characteristics would you use to classify this planet as an inner or terrestrial planet? Check all that apply.

dense and solid
very large
thick atmosphere containing hydrogen and helium
lacking a solid surface
located near a star

Answers

Dense and Solid. Located near a star.

similarities in DNA, anatomical structures, and embryological development support common ancestry and evolution. true or false?

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

Which phrase best reflects the author’s view of Greece?excerpt from The Homecoming

Answers

Thank you for learning with Brainly Tutor! Unfortunately, currently, we have only Math, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology tutors answering your questions so if you want to ask anything from other subjects, please post it on Brainly.com. As soon as we add a new subject you will have an option to select it in your app!

Answer: fond memory

Explanation:

2.
What happens when the chemical bond that holds the third phosphate is broken?

Answers

Answer: Varies

Explanation:

Evidently, it takes everything out of proportion, biologically.

in any occupation where there is exposure to blood and other bodily fluids, there is always the potential for the transmission of bloodborne allergy. true or false?

Answers

Answer:

It is false. Occupational exposure to blood or other fluids does not carry the potential risk of a blood-borne allergy.

Explanation:

Contact with blood or body fluids involves the risk of transmission of infectious diseases, such as HIV or hepatitis B virus infection.

Occupations such as those of health care personnel, doctors, nurses, bioanalysts, or dentists, involve a high risk of infectious disease transmission through contact with blood or other fluids.

The diseases of allergic origin occur by the entrance of antigens —foreign and nocive substances— to the organism by inhalation or contact, promoting an exaggerated reaction of the immune system.

Answer:

false

Explanation:

Another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow is Group of answer choices disruptive selection. the founder effect. admixture. transposition.

Answers

Another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow is Admixture.

What is gene flow?Gene flow or Gene migration is the introduction of genetic material (by interbreeding) from one population of a species to anotherIt changes the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population.

What is admixture?Genetic admixture occurs when previously diverged or isolated genetic lineages mix. Admixture results in the introduction of new genetic lineages into a population.

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Can someone help me with this question?

Answers

Answer:

the answer is A

Explanation:

hope it helps!!!

The variance in a gene, which occur on a fixed spot on a chromosome is called a/an
Centromere

Cell

Allele

Nucleus

Answers

Answer:

allele

Explanation:

a spot on chromosome is an allele

Killer whales
Sea lions
Salmon
Baleen whales
Herring
Zooplankton
Phytoplankton
Which of the following are missing from the food web shown above?
F Producers
G Decomposers
H Omnivores
Predators

Answers

Answer: Decomposers

Explanation:

i NEED help no one is answering

please help me with number 4 (only number 4)

Answers

Answer:

(

)

(

)

Explanation:

Notice that

and

So:

(

)

(

)

In general, we find:

(

)

(

)

(

)

So if you have a monic quadratic (one that has a leading coefficient of

) to factor, typically you are looking for a pair of factors of the constant term with sum or difference equal to the middle coefficient.

GIVING 100 POINTS AND BRAINLIEST FOR BEST ANSWER!!!!
NEED AN ANSWER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

Which organism is most reliant on other organisms, natural processes, or both for reproduction? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

The organism most reliant on other organisms for reproduction is a parasite. Parasites rely on other organisms, such as their host, for reproduction as they lack the necessary reproductive organs. They must rely on the reproductive organs of their hosts in order to reproduce. Additionally, parasites may rely on natural processes such as environmental conditions in order to reproduce.

Answer:

sexual reproducers

Explanation:

season, and where other organisms are

When you click on a document from the website, what do you need to do next to
begin filling it out?

A. Click on it, start typing, and save it to your computer

B. Click on it and then close it

C. Click on it, Download a copy, enable editing, and save it to your computer

D. Click on it, snip the pages, and them paste them on a new document so you can
then type on the images

Answers

C is the correct answer

What do sister chromatids contain?

Answers

The sister chromatids consists of genes that are exactly same in both the chromatids. This is because sister chromatids are identical copies of each other.

Chromatid is one of the two parts of a chromosome. Two chromatids of the same chromosome are called sister chromatids because they are identical in nature. The sister chromatids are joined together at the centromere.

Genes are the factors that contain the genetic information of an individual. These are also the basic unit of heredity. There are several genes present in a chromosome of an organism that encodes for a specific information. A gene is actually a part of the DNA strand.

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A person flies from one continent to another. Unknowingly, he boards the plane with a few seeds attached to the laces of his hiking boots. As he is hiking at his destination, these seeds drop off and become planted. The seeds grow and interbreed with a closely-related native species also found at that location. After a few generations, the population where the seeds dropped have flowers with different shapes compared to the surrounding populations in the forest.

This is an example of

A.
gene flow.

B.
genetic drift.

C.
selection.

D.
disruptive selection.

Which of the following mechanisms will MOST consistently result in populations that adapt to a changing environment?

A.
gene flow

B.
genetic drift

C.
selection

D.
natural selection

Which of the following could result in allopatric speciation?

A.
Two populations of a species are separated by a river that they are unable to cross.

B.
Two populations of a species are separated by a field that is too dry during the summertime.

C.
One group within a population mates during the evenings and another during the mornings.

D.
One group within a population develops a new mating ritual that is not recognized by the other.

Which process in a hybrid zone increases the likelihood of speciation?

A.
stability – when a hybrid zone remains the same

B.
reinforcement – when a hybrid zone widens and fewer hybrids are formed

C.
convergence – when a hybrid zone narrows and more hybrids are formed

D.
fusion – when a hybrid zone disappears and separate species fuse into one

Based on current knowledge, which cellular trait is MOST likely the oldest?

A.
photosynthesis

B.
multicellularity

C.
presence of a nucleus

D.
presence of chloroplasts

Adaptive radiation is when

A.
a species develops a new trait.

B.
several species move to a new location.

C.
the number of species in an area rapidly increases in number.

D.
the number of species in an area rapidly decreases in number.

Hox genes regulate the development of

A.
the body plan of an embryo.

B.
gametes.

C.
the respiratory system only.

D.
the circulatory system only.

Evolution results in an increase of organisms that are

A.
larger.

B.
more complex.

C.
better suited to the current environment.

D.
better able to adapt to changing environments.

Where on a phylogeny are ancestral organisms for two groups found?

A.
at the end of the rightmost branch

B.
at the end of the leftmost branch

C.
on the nodes between the two groups

D.
as a perpendicular line crossing a branch

]

Answers

How many multiple choice are this ?

Please help me if you know the answer please

Answers

It is sunny and hot outside
I believe that is the answer

4
12.5 points
Using coal for energy is damaging to the environment because
Sev3b
coal mining requires digging deep into Earth's crust which causes fracking
leaks during mining can cause spills that pollute the ocean
O
many coal piants have had accidents that released radiation into the air
burning of coal produces air pollution and the greenhouse gas CO2

Answers

Using coal for energy is damaging to the environment because D. burning of coal produces air pollution and the greenhouse gas CO2

How is coal for energy harmful?

The most significant, long-term global impact of coal is climate change. Chemically, coal is mostly made up of carbon, which when burned produces carbon dioxide, a gas that traps heat.

The blanket-like effect of carbon dioxide, which is released into the atmosphere, causes the earth to warm more than usual, hence, this is the danger to the environment.

Answers

Answer:

Bone marrowTo connect muscle to bone206SystemOrgans, cells

Explanation:

Bone marrow is a part of a bone where new blood cells are produced.

Ligament is a connective tissue that connects bone to muscle.

Humans are born with about 360 bones but the bones fuse as the person gets older and it becomes 206.

Muscular System.

Bones are organs. Because they are made of different tissues but the same function.

Tissue is a level of the organization that is made up of cells with the same function.

Hope this helps ❤❤❤.

Plants that have stems that store water and no leaves would MOST likely live in a

A.
pine forest.

B.
grassland.

C.
desert.

D.
rainforest.

Answers

Plants that have stems that store water and no leaves would most likely live in a desert, hence option C is correct.

Cacti have evolved by losing their leaves and developing spines instead of thorns. There is a significant distinction between the two. While spines are a type of leaf alteration, thorns are a type of stem. Cactus spines provide a microclimate by protecting the rounded or ribbed stems from the hot desert heat.

Desert plants have spine-like leaves that have a smaller surface area and lose less water through transpiration. Their stem is green and uses photosynthesis, while their leaves have been reduced to spines.

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Which base is found only in RNA

Answers

uracil instead of thymine in dna

Uracil is the base that is found only in RNA and is not present in DNA. In RNA, uracil replaces thymine, which is one of the four bases found in DNA. This difference in the nitrogenous bases is one of the key distinctions between RNA and DNA.

RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. It is a single-stranded molecule that is made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of RNA.

The nitrogenous bases found in RNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U). But uracil is the only base found in RNA. The reason for this difference in bases is due to the fact that RNA is a single-stranded molecule, while DNA is double-stranded.

The presence of uracil in RNA allows it to form complementary base pairs with adenine, which helps to stabilize the RNA molecule.

Therefore, the nitrogenous base that is found only in RNA is uracil. This base plays an important role in RNA structure and function, allowing it to form complementary base pairs with adenine and contribute to the stability of the RNA molecule.

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Cellular respiration graphic organizer worksheet