In the United States about 16% of the population is Rh negative. The allele for Rh negative is recessive to the allele for Rh positive. If the student population of a high school in the U.S. is 3,000, how many students would you expect for each of the three possible genotypes?
In certain African countries, 4% of newborn babies have sickle-cell anemia, which is a recessive trait. Out of a random population of 10,000 newborn babies, how many would you expect for each of the three possible genotypes?
Answers
In the high school population of 3,000 students, 2,117 students were homozygous Rh positive (AA), 806 students were heterozygous (Aa), and 77 students were homozygous Rh negative (aa).
Given:
Population size: 3,000 students
Rh negative population frequency: 16% (0.16)
From the Hardy-Weinberg equation.
p: frequency of the dominant Rh positive allele
q: frequency of the recessive Rh negative allele
We know that p + q = 1
p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.16 = 0.84.
The expected frequencies of the three genotypes are:
Homozygous Rh positive (AA): p² = (0.84)² = 0.7056
Heterozygous (Aa): 2pq = 2 ₓ 0.84 ₓ 0.16 = 0.2688
Homozygous Rh negative (aa): q² = (0.16)² = 0.0256
Homozygous Rh-positive: 0.7056 ₓ 3,000 = 2,116.8 (approximately 2,117 students)
Heterozygous: 0.2688 ₓ 3,000 = 806.4
Homozygous Rh negative: 0.0256 ₓ 3,000 = 76.8
Sickle-Cell Anemia in a Newborn Population:
Given:
Population size: 10,000 newborn babies
Sickle-cell anemia frequency: 4% (0.04)
p: frequency of the dominant normal allele
q: frequency of the recessive sickle-cell allele
p + q = 1
p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.04 = 0.96.
The expected frequencies of the three genotypes are:
Homozygous normal (AA): p²= (0.96)² = 0.9216
Heterozygous (Aa): 2pq = 2 ₓ 0.96 ₓ 0.04 = 0.0768
Homozygous sickle-cell (aa): q² = (0.04)² = 0.0016
Homozygous normal: 0.9216 ₓ 10,000 = 9,216
Heterozygous: 0.0768 ₓ 10,000 = 768
Homozygous sickle-cell: 0.0016 × 10,000 = 16
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Related Questions
What type of fitness training can affect the hormone erythropoietin (EPO)?
Answers
Endurance training, specifically high-intensity aerobic exercises such as running, cycling, and swimming, can significantly impact the hormone erythropoietin (EPO).
Endurance training, characterized by high-intensity aerobic exercises, can influence the production of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body. EPO is a hormone responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
During endurance training, the body undergoes physiological adaptations to meet the increased demands for oxygen delivery to the muscles. This is achieved by increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, which is facilitated by an increase in the production of red blood cells. EPO plays a crucial role in this process.
Engaging in activities such as running, cycling, swimming, or any other form of aerobic exercise for an extended period and at a high intensity can stimulate the release of EPO. The repetitive and prolonged muscle contractions during these activities lead to a decrease in oxygen levels, triggering the production and release of EPO from the kidneys into the bloodstream.
EPO then acts on the bone marrow, promoting the production of new red blood cells, a process known as erythropoiesis. The increased red blood cell count enhances oxygen-carrying capacity, enabling improved endurance performance and overall aerobic fitness.
It is important to note that the use of synthetic EPO, also known as blood doping, is banned in sports due to its performance-enhancing effects. Natural stimulation of EPO through endurance training is a legitimate and safe way to improve aerobic fitness and athletic performance.
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Forested floodplain wetlands benefit from periodic flooding from rivers. When floodwaters spill into the wetland, they bring water and nutrients and leave both behind. But humans have often cut off floodplains from rivers by building roads, levees, berms, etc. Think about what would happen if a river could no longer flood into these areas. How would the resulting increased amount of water and nutrients in the river affect soils, hydrology, and life downstream?
Answers
The absence of flooding from rivers into forested floodplain wetlands would lead to adverse effects on soils, hydrology, and the overall biodiversity downstream, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the natural connection between rivers and floodplains for the health and functioning of these ecosystems.
If a river can no longer flood into forested floodplain wetlands due to human interventions, it would have significant consequences for the downstream areas in terms of soils, hydrology, and life.Without periodic flooding, the increased amount of water and nutrients in the river would not be able to disperse and be deposited in the floodplain wetlands. As a result, downstream soils would experience a decrease in nutrient inputs, leading to decreased fertility and altered composition. The absence of regular flooding would disrupt the natural hydrological cycle, reducing the recharge of groundwater and altering the flow patterns in the river system. This could result in decreased water availability, increased erosion, and changes in the overall ecosystem dynamics downstream.The disruption of nutrient flows and hydrological patterns would also have a significant impact on the life forms downstream. Aquatic plants, fish, and other organisms that depend on floodplain wetlands for breeding, feeding, and shelter would face habitat loss and reduced food availability. This, in turn, could disrupt the food chain and impact the abundance and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial species in the downstream areas.The absence of flooding from rivers into forested floodplain wetlands would lead to adverse effects on soils, hydrology, and the overall biodiversity downstream, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the natural connection between rivers and floodplains for the health and functioning of these ecosystems.For more such questions on flooding
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7. For the following scenario provide a hypothesis, the dependent variable, independent variable, standardized variables, and control group.
Scenario: You want to determine whether plants communicate with their neighbors in response to stress, so you design an experiment. You have two groups of plants, one that will be exposed to a stressor and another that will not. You apply the stress 3 times a day for 10 days. At day 1 you measure the amount of stress hormone in the plants and then again you measure the amount of stress hormone on day 10.
Answers
Here, the hypothesis is "plants communicate with their neighbors in response to stress", dependent variable is the amount of the stress hormone in the plants, and the independent variable is the exposure to stress (applied 3 times a day for 10 days), standardized variables are plants used, duration of the stressor, amount of stress hormone. The control group is the plant that is not exposed to stressor.
What is the significance of the control group?Here, the control group is the group of plants that are not exposed to stress, and the control groups plants are experimented or tested with the other plants to get the result of the stress hormone on the plants.
Hence, here, the hypothesis is "plants communicate with their neighbors in response to stress", dependent variable is the amount of the stress hormone in the plants, and the independent variable is the exposure to stress (applied 3 times a day for 10 days), standardized variables are plants used, duration of the stressor, amount of stress hormone. The control group is the plant that is not exposed to stressor.
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Non-recombinant
chromosomes
1.) What do the labels above represent? (for example: capital "A" versus lower-case "a", and
the different letters "A or B or C"?
2.) The crossing-over (regional exchange of genetic information) occurs between homologous
chromosomes. WHY is it critical that only homologous chromosomes exchange information?
3. Why is it important that crossing-over takes place between the chromosomes from two
different parents? (answer on back).
Answers
The labels above represent different alleles of genes located on chromosomes. It is critical that only homologous chromosomes exchange information during crossing-over because homologous chromosomes have similar genes in the same order.
The labels above represent different alleles (versions of a gene) that are located on the chromosomes. Capital letters represent dominant alleles, while lower-case letters represent recessive alleles. Different letters represent different genes, and their locations on chromosomes are also different.
It is critical that only homologous chromosomes exchange information during crossing-over because homologous chromosomes have similar structures and genetic content, making it possible for them to align and exchange segments of DNA. If non-homologous chromosomes were to exchange information, the resulting genetic material would be unstable and could lead to genetic disorders or other problems.
It is important that crossing-over takes place between chromosomes from two different parents because it increases genetic diversity in offspring. Each parent contributes one set of chromosomes, and crossing-over allows for the exchange of genetic information between these sets, leading to new combinations of traits. This is important for the survival of a species as it enables adaptation to changing environments and increases the chances of finding new beneficial traits.
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Abiotic factors in an ecosystem might include one or more of the following:
Question 1 options:
Slug, ants, coyote,, birds, and armadillo
Slug, ants, coyote, birds, armadillo, trees, grass, flowers and moss
Air, water, soil, and rocks
Air, water, soil, rocks, and fish
Answers
Answer: Air, soil, water, light, salinity and temperature
Explanation: Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of the environment that can often have a major influence on living organisms. Abiotic factors include water, sunlight, oxygen, soil and temperature.
There were twelve elephants in the clearing.
a pulse rate of 141 beats per minute
orange fur with black stripes
✔
DONE
Answers
Answer:
There were twelve elephants in the clearing.
✔ quantitative data
a pulse rate of 141 beats per minute
✔ quantitative data
orange fur with black stripes
✔ qualitative data
Explanation: trust
Refer below to understand which data is qualitative or quantitative from the given example:
twelve elephants in the clearing: quantitative data since it gives us the number of elephants in the clearing. a pulse rate of 141 beats per minute: quantitative data since, it speaks about the average heart rate of the elephants and is measurable. orange fur with black stripes: qualitative data since it is not giving us a number rather the quality or type of fur. 28.5 cm tall: quantitative data since it gives us a measure of height.rough-textured: qualitative data since it is not giving us an idea about the quality or texture.bird bobbed its head up and down: qualitative data since it is talking about the activity of the bird.Learn more about qualitative and quantitative data here:
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What is indicated by an unconformity (buried erosional surface)?
Answers
Answer:
An unconformity represents time during which no sediments were preserved in a region
Explanation:
there are three types of unconformities,disconformities, nonconformities, and angular unconformities.
Question 13 (1 point)
What would be the pressure if a Jack Hammer exerts 30,000 N of force on the stree
asphalt to break open a 0.500 m^2 area hole in the street below?
29,9995 Pa
15,000 Pa
60,000 Pa
30,000.5 Pa
Answers
The Jack Hammer applies 60,000 Pa of pressure on the pavement. The right response is C.
What exactly is pressure and what does its SI unit mean?The thrust (perpendicular force on a surface) acting per unit area of a body is referred to as pressure. Mathematically, it can be expressed as follows: The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa). One Newton of force exerts one Pascal of pressure on a square inch of ground.
The following formula can be used to determine the pressure:
pressure = force/area
Substituting the given values:
pressure = 30,000 N / 0.500 m²
= 60,000 Pa
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This event occurs directly following mitosis, and is called
metaphase
anaphase
prophase I
cytokinesis
Answers
Cytokinesis is the term used to describe the process that follows mitosis.
What occurs during the mitosis?A cell divides into two identical daughter cells after duplicating every component of it, including its chromosomes, during the mitotic process. The processes of mitosis are meticulously regulated by certain genes since this process is so crucial. Cancer can develop when mitosis is improperly controlled, among other health issues.
What is the purpose of mitosis?In the cell division process known as mitosis, the chromosomes multiply and are evenly distributed across the two daughter cells. Each daughter cell has a same number of chromosomes to the parent cell, making the cell type diploid. Mitosis is hence also known as equational division.
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1. A disease was caused by a bacterium; you want to produce a biological product to kill this bacterium. Which product you have to produce? How can you use your biotechnological knowledge to produce it in high amount?
Answers
Explanation:
Infectious diseases can be caused by: Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis
Engineering sustainable food production.
Sea-water based bio-processes.
Non-resource draining zero waste bio-processing.
Using carbon dioxide as a raw material.
You can use antibiotics to kill the bacteria. An example of antibiotic is penicillin that is synthesized by a fungus called penicillum notatum. You can use bioengineering to produce it in high amount. You extract the gene from the fungus using restriction enzymes and you introduce it into a plasmid of Ecoli with ligase. But Ecoli needs to also have the penicillin resistant gene.
Fossils can be used to find similarities and differences between ancient and modern life. True or false?
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Scientists have been using old fossils of past time homosapiens to figure out more about modern day people for years now, and it has helped scientists today learn alot about the human body, it also helped them learn things like, how we learned to walk, talk, and build.
Which of the following helps to keep the biological membranes in a fluid state?
A.Waxes
B. Cholesterol
C. Phospholipids
D. Water
Answers
Answer:
C. Phospholipids
Explanation:
So sorry if I am wrong, but I hope this helps!
what usually accompanies a cold spell in minnesota?
Answers
What social and environmental factors affect human population size?
Answers
Answer:
Many factors influence the size of a population. Food, water, shelter, predation, and density are all things that can allow a population to grow or cause it to decline.
Hope it helped! :)
Which of the following is due to global warming?
(i) An increase in the water level in the sea
(ii) The melting of snow on mountain peaks
(iii) A decrease in food production by plants
(a) Only (i) and (ii)
(b) Only (ii) and (iii)
(c) Only (i) and (iii)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Answers
Answer: I believe it's d
Explanation: all of these are results of global warming
what is the polymer for monosacchride, amino acid, triglyceride, and nucleic acid
Answers
Answer:
The polymer for monossacharide is carbohydrate. The polymer for amino acid is protein, the polymer for triglyceride is lipid and the polymer for nucleic acid are DNA and RNA
Explanation:
Macromolecule or “big molecule” in living things are consist of carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleid acid. Each macromolecule is called as polymer.
A polymer is made up of monomers. In other words, the monomer is a single molecule. As the monomers join together the polymer will be formed.
Macromolecule of carbohydrate is made up of numerous monomers of monosaccharide, such as glucose, galactose and fructose.
Macromolecule of protein is made up of numerous monomers of amino acid
Types of macromolecule of lipid include triglyceride, phospholipids and steroid. Triglyceride are formed by one glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
Types of nucleic acid are DNA and RNA. The macromolecule of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) are made up of nucleotides.
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Which factor helps improve the validity of scientific writing?
(Select all that apply)
fully disclosing all facts—even if they do not support the hypothesis
using sources that are peer reviewed
using a very wordy writing style
showing evidence of scientific thinking in the writing
Answers
Answer:
fully disclosing all facts
All changes saved
15. What did people use for energy before fossil fuel and electrical power
energy was harnessed?
They used whale oil and steam power to run machines.
O Humans had only their own muscles and a knowledge of levers and
pulleys for power.
Humans used muscle power and direct wind and water power.
Humans burned wood to power their machines.
Answers
Before fossil fuel and electrical power energy were harnessed, Humans used muscle power and direct wind and water power.
The correct option is C.
What is muscle power?Muscle power refers to the power generated by humans during the contraction and relaxation of their muscles.
Muscle power can be used to accomplish a variety of tasks such as lifting objects, walking, running, etc.
Before the discovery of fossil fuels, humans use muscle power as well as wind and water power to accomplish tasks such as driving of motors, sailing ships, cutting trees, etc.
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How does Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) help to make the effects of wildfires less severe? (1 point)
O GPS identifies the borders of the wildfire and use data to predict where the fire will spread.
O GPS is the material that homes and other items are constructed from that make them fire-resistant.
O GPS is the emergency notification system that alerts communities when it is safe to re-enter their homes after the threat of a wildfire.
O GPS lowers air temperature and winds during times of high risk for wildfire.
Answers
GPS identifies the borders of the wildfire and use data to predict where the fire will spread.
What is GPS?This is defined as global positioning satellite and it helps to determine the ground location of an object.
In the case of wildfire, it helps to determine the the location of the wildfire and use data which to predict possible areas where it can spread thereby making option A the most appropriate choice.
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The hallux is oriented on this aspect of the foot
A. medial B. lateral C. posterior D. proximal E. inferior
Answers
4. The ATP yield from 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH under aerobic conditions in a eukaryotic cell would be: which option is correct a) 1 mole of ATP b) 2 moles of ATP c) 3 moles of ATP d) 4 moles of ATP e) 6 moles of ATP
Answers
The ATP yield from 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH under aerobic conditions in a eukaryotic cell is approximately 4 moles of ATP.
During oxidative phosphorylation, each mole of NADH can generate around 2.5 to 3 moles of ATP. Therefore, for 2 moles of NADH, the total ATP production would be in the range of 4 to 6 moles of ATP. While the more precise estimate falls within the 4 to 6 moles range, the closest option provided is 4 moles of ATP. It is important to note that the exact ATP yield can vary depending on factors such as the efficiency of the electron transport chain and the specific conditions within the cell.Since there are 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH, the total ATP yield would be around 4 to 6 moles of ATP. However, the most accurate option among the given choices is 4 moles of ATP.
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PLEASE LET ME KNOW IF U GOT THE ANSWER KEY TO THIS WORK SHEET
25 POINTS!!
THANK U
Answers
Answer:
The end rocky part of two continents has similar composition, the presence of similar fossils of animals and climate
Explanation:
Alfred Wegener find out the end rocky part of two continents has similar composition, the presence of similar fossils of animals and climate so he presented the theory of continental drift that occurs 200 millions years ago. The main reason for the rejection of Wegener's hypothesis because he provides no mechanism for the movement of the continents. Wegener thought that the force of Earth's spin was sufficient for the drifting of continents from each other but other scientists says that it is too weak to drift the continents.
what are some characteristics and examples of members from the class reptilia?
Answers
What passes through capillary walls? Select all that apply.
carbon dioxide
water
blood
oxygen
Answers
1. Calculate the Surface Area to Volume ratio.
SA/ Volume
Analysis
Measure the surface area and the volume of each of the cubes below. Show your work!
1 cm
Surface Area
LxWx6
Volume
LxWxH
SA/V Ratio
2 cm
Box 1
Box 2
3 cm
I
Box 3
Answers
The surface area to volume ratio of the cubes is given below:
Cube 1: Surface area to volume ratio = 6Cube 2: Surface area to volume ratio = 3Cube 3: Surface area to volume ratio = 2What is the surface area to volume ratio of the cubes?The surface area to volume ratio of the cubes is calculated from the respective formulas for surface area and volume of cubes as follows:
The surface area of a cube = 6 * s²
The volume of a cube = s³
where s is the length of a side or edge of a cube
Cube 1:
Surface area = 6 * 1² = 6 cm²
Volume = 1³ = 1 cm³
Surface area to volume ratio = 6 / 1 = 6
Cube 2:
Surface area = 6 * 2² = 24 cm²
Volume = 2³ = 8 cm³
Surface area to volume ratio = 24 / 8 = 3
Cube 3:
Surface area = 6 * 3² = 54 cm²
Volume = 3³ = 27 cm³
Surface area to volume ratio = 54 / 27 = 2
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True or False: There are no shortcuts in
dichotomous keys!
Answers
You can’t skip any step; you need to do each step in order.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
No need to skip
What is a non-example of coastal wetland?
Answers
Answer:
A non-example of coastal wetland would be a mountain range, desert, or urban area. Coastal wetlands refer to a specific type of ecosystem that is located in the intertidal zone, where land meets the sea and is characterized by wet and marshy areas.
CER: CLAIM-EVIDENCE-REASONING
Question: How does the amount of global carbon emissions
affect the occurrence of global extreme weather catastrophes?
Background research :
The sun radiates light energy to Earth which then radiates it back as heat. Some heat is trapped by our atmosphere, helping to warm our planet. However, due to human activities, greenhouse gasses (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, etc.) have been increasing and thickening our atmosphere, leading to global temperatures rising rapidly. The main cause is burning fossil fuels, especially coal, for electricity. Rising heat in the oceans are causing ocean-based storms (hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones) to be stronger.
Answers
The amount of global carbon emissions has a direct impact on the occurrence of global extreme weather catastrophes. As more and more greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere, they thicken and trap more heat, which leads to a rapid increase in global temperatures.
This increase in temperature has a significant effect on the oceans, causing ocean-based storms like hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones to be stronger and more frequent. To understand this phenomenon, we can use the CER (Claim-Evidence-Reasoning) framework.
The claim is that the amount of global carbon emissions affects the occurrence of extreme weather catastrophes. The evidence is that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides have been thickening our atmosphere, leading to a rise in global temperatures. This rise in temperature is causing stronger and more frequent ocean-based storms.
The reasoning behind this is that when the Earth's atmosphere thickens with greenhouse gases, it traps more heat and leads to a rise in global temperatures. This rise in temperature has a direct impact on the oceans, causing ocean-based storms to become stronger and more frequent. Therefore, reducing global carbon emissions is essential to mitigate the occurrence of global extreme weather catastrophes.
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do carbohydrate lipids protein start at the same point as glucose
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
ES enserio ovioo que siii
If you ended up with 30 blue, 25, black, 25 brown, 6 yellow, and 4 orange invertebrates, what does this tell you about the type of predator?
Answers
The distribution of invertebrates among different colors suggests that the type of predator targeting them might have color preference or selectivity.
The fact that there are significantly more blue invertebrates (30) compared to black (25), brown (25), yellow (6), and orange (4) indicates that the predator might have a preference for blue-colored prey. This preference is evidenced by the higher number of blue invertebrates captured compared to other colors.
Additionally, the predator seems to show a relatively equal preference for black and brown invertebrates since their numbers are the same. However, it is important to note that the sample size of the invertebrates may affect the observed distribution, and further investigation would be required to draw definitive conclusions.
Understanding the predator's color preference can provide insights into its visual perception and hunting strategies. It could indicate that the predator has developed adaptations to target specific color morphs or that certain colors are more conspicuous or attractive to the predator's visual system.
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